ENERGY ACCOUNTING: THE CASE OF FARM MACHINERY IN MARYLAND

Resource /Energy Economics and Policy,

Mobilizing for Change: Messages from Civil Society

This is a report of a survey, We the Peoples 2005 that offers a relatively brief overview of diverse opinions on complex and urgent global development and poverty alleviations issues under the UN MDGs framework

Report on Comprehensive City Plan for Sarasota, Florida

Sarasota, Florida Report on comprehensive city plan for Sarasota, Florida. John Nolen, City Planner. Philip W. Foster, Associate. Cambridge, Mass. : John Nolen, 1925

Sunshine and sanitation for hog houses

In answering hundreds of inquiries concerning sunshine, sanitation and ventilation in hog houses, considerable data has been collected by the Agricultural Engineering and Animal Husbandry Sections and is now published in this bulletin. Sunshine and sanitation for hog houses are given chief consideration, but in addition, the various health essentials of the hog house are also emphasized. The ventilation problem is being studied and later it is hoped to issue a bulletin covering that specific subject

Petition of the John W. Foster Law Club of Indiana University for a Charter from Phi Delta Phi

Written in 1899, this is the petition of the John W. Foster Law Club of Indiana University to the Phi Delta Phi Legal Fraternity for a charter membership into the organization. The following year marked the establishment of Phi Delta Phi at Indiana University.https://www.repository.law.indiana.edu/histdocs/1001/thumbnail.jp

Phytoestrogens in Human Pregnancy

Background. The hormonal milieu associated with pregnancy has become a focus of interest owing to potential links with the developmental origins of health and disease. Phytoestrogens are hormonally active plant-derived chemicals that may have an impact on human reproductive processes. However, developmental exposure to phytoestrogens has not been well characterized and thus our objective was to quantify phytoestrogen exposure during pregnancy and lactation. Methods. Women in the second trimester of pregnancy entered the study during counseling for prenatal genetic information. Women who had an indication for a genetic amniocentesis on the basis of late maternal age were approached for inclusion. They completed an environmental questionnaire; a sample of amniotic fluid was collected for karyotype, blood was collected from women during pregnancy and at birth, from the umbilical cord and breast milk. Samples were tested for the presence of daidzein and genistein by GC Mass Spectroscopy. Findings. Phytoestrogens are commonly found in pregnant women's serum and amniotic fluid during pregnancy. There is a sex difference in the concentrations with higher levels in amniotic fluid containing female fetuses. This difference was not present in maternal serum. Soy ingestion increases amniotic fluid phytoestrogen concentrations in female and male fetuses. The presence and concentrations of phytoestrogens did not differ in relation to common pregnancy complications or preexisting infertility

Sucrose Utilization in Budding Yeast as a Model for the Origin of Undifferentiated Multicellularity

We use the budding yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, to investigate one model for the initial emergence of multicellularity: the formation of multicellular aggregates as a result of incomplete cell separation. We combine simulations with experiments to show how the use of secreted public goods favors the formation of multicellular aggregates. Yeast cells can cooperate by secreting invertase, an enzyme that digests sucrose into monosaccharides, and many wild isolates are multicellular because cell walls remain attached to each other after the cells divide. We manipulate invertase secretion and cell attachment, and show that multicellular clumps have two advantages over single cells: they grow under conditions where single cells cannot and they compete better against cheaters, cells that do not make invertase. We propose that the prior use of public goods led to selection for the incomplete cell separation that first produced multicellularity.Molecular and Cellular Biolog

Improved Use of a Public Good Selects for the Evolution of Undifferentiated Multicellularity

We do not know how or why multicellularity evolved. We used the budding yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, to ask whether nutrients that must be digested extracellularly select for the evolution of undifferentiated multicellularity. Because yeast use invertase to hydrolyze sucrose extracellularly and import the resulting monosaccharides, single cells cannot grow at low cell and sucrose concentrations. Three engineered strategies overcame this problem: forming multicellular clumps, importing sucrose before hydrolysis, and increasing invertase expression. We evolved populations in low sucrose to ask which strategy they would adopt. Of 12 successful clones, 11 formed multicellular clumps through incomplete cell separation, 10 increased invertase expression, none imported sucrose, and 11 increased hexose transporter expression, a strategy we had not engineered. Identifying causal mutations revealed genes and pathways, which frequently contributed to the evolved phenotype. Our study shows that combining rational design with experimental evolution can help evaluate hypotheses about evolutionary strategies.Molecular and Cellular Biolog