BIKE: Bilingual Keyphrase Experiments

This paper presents a novel strategy for translating lists of keyphrases. Typical keyphrase lists appear in scientific articles, information retrieval systems and web page meta-data. Our system combines a statistical translation model trained on a bilingual corpus of scientific papers with sense-focused look-up in a large bilingual terminological resource. For the latter, we developed a novel technique that benefits from viewing the keyphrase list as contextual help for sense disambiguation. The optimal combination of modules was discovered by a genetic algorithm. Our work applies to the French / English language pair

Mental Health On Youtube: Exploring the Potential of Interactive Media to Change Knowledge, Attitudes and Behaviors About Mental Health

This dissertation first examines the mental health content on the video-sharing site YouTube as a foundation for exploring the ways the mental health community (members and associates of the National Alliance on Mental Illness) have used, and may use, YouTube in the future for information seeking, social support seeking, information providing, and social support providing. Using a content analysis of a systematic sample of YouTube videos produced by the YouTube search engine for the terms \u27mental health\u27 and \u27mental illness,\u27 this study highlights types, topics and formats of mental health related content, including types of mental illnesses, as well as documenting participation around these videos in the form of views, comments, likes and dislikes. A survey based on the Theory of Reasoned Action and the Uses and Gratifications theory explores the attitudes, norms, past behaviors and intentions to use YouTube for mental health communication (information and support seeking, information and support providing). The study finds that there is a wealth of mental health material on YouTube, including personal stories, public service announcements and general information videos; however, while members of the mental health community have begun to explore YouTube for information and connection with others who share their experiences with mental illness, they are still concerned about credibility of information, as well as potential for being stigmatized for admitting to having a mental illness and loss of privacy

Using COTS Search Engines and Custom Query Strategies at CLEF

This paper presents a system for bilingual information retrieval using commercial off-the-shelf search engines (COTS). Several custom query construction, expansion and translation strategies are compared. We present the experiments and the corresponding results for the CLEF 2004 event

Due regard for future generations? : the obligation to prevent significant environmental harm and sovereignty in the ICJ advisory opinion on climate change

Future generations stand to experience significant harm as a result of human-induced climate change. This raises serious questions of intergenerational equity, which states should consider in order to give effect to the law on sustainable development. Is it possible to argue further that a requirement of due regard for future generations is an aspect of states’ customary international law obligation to prevent significant harm to the environment of other states and areas beyond national jurisdiction? The argument for due regard is strengthened when we consider that the specific obligation to prevent significant environmental harm is grounded in the more general Corfu Channel no-harm rule and the maxim sic utere tuo ut alienum non laedas, which address how sovereigns must act vis-à-vis the legal rights and interests of others. As to the substantive outcomes that are to be expected from a practice of due regard for future generations, it may be that international law calls for sovereignty to be exercised reasonably and in ways that avoid manifestly excessive adverse effects on the interests of others. Contemporary moral philosophy brings weight to the proposal for recognizing states’ obligations of due regard for future generations in states’ climate change related decision-making

Prevention of vertical transmission of hepatitis B: A retrospective review of a 5‐year maternal–infant cohort in London

Aims: The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that 3.5% of the population live with hepatitis B virus (HBV); migrants to Europe are disproportionately affected. UK birth dose HBV vaccination is limited to infants born to those living with HBV (LWHBV). High‐risk infants (high maternal infectivity, low birthweight) also receive HBV immunoglobulin (HBIG). The Family Hepatitis Clinic follows infants and those LWHBV working towards WHO goals of combating viral hepatitis by 2030. Methods: A trust‐wide electronic note review of outcomes for infants born to those LWHBV (2016–2020). Results: Two hundred and eighty‐three infants, 134 (47%) females, born to those LWHBV were referred. Two hundred and thirty‐one (82%) attended follow‐up with a vertical transmission rate of 0%. Twenty (7%) individuals LWHBV received tenofovir disoproxil fumerate in pregnancy; median viral load (VL) at initiation 125 416 376 DNA IU/mL, one having birth VL. Twenty‐eight (10%) infants were stratified as high risk and all received HBIG and birth dose vaccination with 9 (32%) subsequently lost to follow‐up, compared to 48 (19%) low‐risk infants. 267/283 (94%) had birth dose vaccination documented and 206/283 (73%) received at least four vaccine doses. 215/283 (76%) infants had serology by 24 months; 17 (6%) with suboptimal vaccine responses: hepatitis B surface antibody 4 doses, 77% HBsAb >100)

Retention and adherence: global challenges for the long-term care of adolescents and young adults living with HIV

Purpose of review Adolescents living with HIV are the only age group with increasing HIV mortality at a time of global scale-up of access to antiretroviral therapy (ART). As a ‘treat all’ strategy is implemented worldwide, it is critically important to optimize retention and adherence for this vulnerable group. Recent findings Adolescents and young adults living with HIV have poorer outcomes when compared with adults at each stage of the HIV care cascade, irrespective of income setting. Rates of viral suppression are lowest for adolescents living with HIV, and adherence to ART remains an enormous challenge. High-quality studies of interventions to improve linkage to, and retention in, care on suppressive ART are starkly lacking for adolescents and young adults living with HIV across the globe. However, examples of good practice are beginning to emerge but require large-scale implementation studies with outcome data disaggregated by age, route of infection, and income setting, and include young pregnant women and key populations groups. Summary There is an urgent need for evidence-based interventions addressing gaps in the adolescent HIV care cascade, including supporting retention in care and adherence to ART

The Importance of Being Uncomfortable and Unfinished

Our initial intention was to outline the structure of an entity, the Bear Healing Lodge, within the Faculty of Nursing at MacEwan. This structure was created out of the Truth and Reconciliation’s Calls to Action. However, as we engaged in critical discussions we realized that who we were becoming as persons, as we unpacked out privilege and power, was invaluable and informative to prepare us for authentic allyship and partnership. We realized that outcomes and endings were not the end goals, but being uncomfortable and unfinished were necessary for the creation of an ethical space for members to engage in decolonization of self. Authentic allyship and partnership must fundamentally be relational, create a brave space for vulnerability, and stimulate a shift in paradigms for multiple perspectives. We have humbly offered learning intentions, as solution-oriented perspectives, for others to learn which may lead to positive change. Résumé Notre intention première était de présenter la structure d’une entité, le Bear Healing Lodge, au sein de la Faculty of Nursing de MacEwan. Cette structure a été créée en suivi aux appels à l’action de la Commission de vérité et réconciliation. Cependant, alors que nous entamions des discussions critiques, nous avons réalisé que ce que nous devenions comme personnes, au fur et à mesure que nous remettions en question nos privilèges et notre pouvoir, nous préparait de manière inestimable et instructive à une alliance authentique et à un partenariat. Nous avons réalisé que les objectifs ultimes ne se résument pas aux résultats et aux conclusions, mais que le sentiment d’inconfort et d’incomplétude étaient nécessaires à la création d’un espace éthique permettant aux membres de s’engager dans la décolonisation de soi. Une alliance authentique et un partenariat sont fondamentalement relationnels, créant un espace sûr qui permet la vulnérabilité et stimulant un changement de paradigmes pour une ouverture à de nombreuses perspectives. Nous avons humblement offert des intentions d’apprentissage en tant que perspectives axées sur les solutions dans l’espoir d’un changement positif