281 research outputs found

    Biodistribution et toxicité des nanocapsules chargées en 188Re aprÚs injection intratumorale par convection enhanced delivery chez la souris

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    Objectifs DĂ©terminer la faisabilitĂ©, l’intĂ©rĂȘt et la toxicitĂ© hĂ©matologique de l’administration intratumorale par convection enhanced delivery (CED) de nanocapsules chargĂ©es en 188Re (NCL-188Re). MatĂ©riels et mĂ©thodes L’étude de biodistribution des NCL-188Re vs perrhĂ©nate (188ReO4−) a Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©e sur des souris nude (n = 30). Les animaux ont Ă©tĂ© sĂ©parĂ©s en 2 groupes : injection intratumorale de 188ReO4− pour le premier groupe (n = 15, 3 MBq) et de NCL-188Re pour le second groupe (n = 15, 3 MBq). Les animaux ont Ă©tĂ© sacrifiĂ©s Ă  1 h (n = 10), 24 h (n = 10) et 72 h (n = 10) aprĂšs l’injection, les organes prĂ©levĂ©s et comptĂ©s. La toxicitĂ© hĂ©matologique des NCL-188Re a Ă©tĂ© Ă©valuĂ©e par prises de sang de 50 ΌL (sinus rĂ©tro-orbitaire) rĂ©alisĂ©es Ă  j2, j7, j14 et j21 aprĂšs traitement par NaCl (n = 4), NCL-188Re (3 MBq, n = 4), NCL-188Re (6 MBq, n = 4) et NCL-188Re (12 MBq, n = 4). RĂ©sultats La vectorisation par NCL a permis de limiter l’élimination urinaire du 188Re puisque dĂšs 24 h post-IV 0,1 ± 0,1 % de la dose injectĂ©e (%D.I.) vs 81,9 ± 7,5 % D.I. sont retrouvĂ©s dans les urines pour les formes NCL188Re-SSS et 188ReO4-, respectivement, (p = 0,016). Celle-ci permet Ă©galement de retrouver une activitĂ© significativement supĂ©rieure dans la tumeur Ă  tous les temps de l’étude. L’administration unique de NCL-188Re a induit une toxicitĂ© modĂ©rĂ©e pour les activitĂ©s injectĂ©es les plus Ă©levĂ©es (12 MBq) se manifestant principalement par une thrombopĂ©nie transitoire de nadir j14–j18. Il n’a pas Ă©tĂ© observĂ© de toxicitĂ© au niveau des autres lignĂ©es cellulaires pour les activitĂ©s administrĂ©es de 3 et 6 MBq. Conclusions Les rĂ©sultats obtenus montrent la faisabilitĂ© de l’injection intratumorale par CED et l’intĂ©rĂȘt de la vectorisation du 188Re par les NCL. Les premiers signes de toxicitĂ© hĂ©matologiques sont en faveur du fractionnement des doses administrĂ©es et d’un meilleur ciblage par fonctionnalisation des NCL aux oestrogĂšnes pour permettre une meilleure rĂ©tention tumorale

    Oxygen gradients affect behaviour of caged Atlantic salmon Salmo salar

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    Dissolved oxygen (DO) conditions in marine aquaculture cages are heterogeneous and fluctuate rapidly. Here, by temporarily wrapping a tarpaulin around the top 0 to 6 m of a marine cage (~2000 m3), we manipulated DO to evaluate the behavioural response of Atlantic salmon Salmo salar to hypoxia. Videos were recorded before, during and after DO manipulation at 3 m depth while vertical profiles of temperature, salinity, DO and fish density were continuously measured. The trial was repeated 4 times over a 2 wk period. Temperature and salinity profiles varied little across treatment periods; however, DO saturation was reduced at all depths in all replicate trials during the tarpaulin treatment compared to the periods before or after. In 3 out of 4 trials, swim speeds were 1.5 to 2.7 times slower during the tarpaulin treatment than the before or after periods. Significant changes in vertical distribution of fish density and DO were observed between treatment periods in all replicate trials; salmon swam either above or below the most hypoxic depth layer (59 to 62% DO saturation). In a regression tree analysis, the relative influence of DO in determining fish distribution was 17%, while temperature (39%) and salinity (44%) explained the majority of variation. Our results demonstrate that salmon are capable of modifying their distribution and possibly activity levels in response to intermediate DO levels, but that DO is not a primary driver of behaviour at the saturation levels examined in this study

    Application of long-term cultured interferon-Îł enzyme-linked immunospot assay for assessing effector and memory T cell responses in cattle

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    doi:10.3791/52833 (2015). Effector and memory T cells are generated through developmental programing of naĂŻve cells following antigen recognition. If the infection is controlled up to 95 % of the T cells generated during the expansion phase are eliminated (i.e., contraction phase) and memory T cells remain, sometimes for a lifetime. In humans, two functionally distinct subsets of memory T cells have been described based on the expression of lymph node homing receptors. Central memory T cells express C-C chemokine receptor 7 and CD45RO and are mainly located in T-cell areas of secondary lymphoid organs. Effector memory T cells express CD45RO, lack CCR7 and display receptors associated with lymphocyte homing to peripheral or inflamed tissues. Effector T cells do not express either CCR7 or CD45RO but upon encounter with antigen produce effector cytokines, such as interferon-Îł. Interferon-Îł release assays are used for the diagnosis of bovine and human tuberculosis and detect primaril

    Apport de la TEP-FDG dans le staging initial des cancers du sein localement avancés traités par chimiothérapie néo-adjuvante

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    L’atteinte ganglionnaire axillaire et la prĂ©sence de mĂ©tastases Ă  distance sont des facteurs pronostiques majeurs dans la prise en charge du cancer du sein. L’objectif de notre travail a Ă©tĂ© d’évaluer les performances de la TEP-FDG dans le bilan initial de cancers du sein localement avancĂ©s (CSLA) traitĂ©s par chimiothĂ©rapie nĂ©o-adjuvante (CNA) et chirurgie, et de comparer les donnĂ©es de la TEP prĂ©thĂ©rapeutique Ă  celles de l’histologie du curage rĂ©alisĂ© aprĂšs CNA (classification de Sataloff). Cette Ă©tude rĂ©trospective a concernĂ© 89 patientes porteuses d’un CSLA, explorĂ©es avant mise en route de la CNA par une TEP en complĂ©ment du bilan d’extension standard (BS). Toutes les patientes ont bĂ©nĂ©ficiĂ© aprĂšs CNA d’une tumorectomie/mastectomie et d’un curage axillaire. Une atteinte axillaire a Ă©tĂ© retrouvĂ©e chez 58 patientes (65 %) par la TEP et 39 patientes (44 %) par le BS. ComparĂ©es Ă  l’histologie du curage axillaire post-CNA, les sensibilitĂ© et spĂ©cificitĂ© de la TEP ont Ă©tĂ© calculĂ©es Ă  80 % et 63 %. La TEP a rĂ©vĂ©lĂ© une atteinte ganglionnaire extra-axillaire, non suspectĂ©e par le BS, chez 25 patientes (28 %). Des lĂ©sions mĂ©tastatiques mĂ©connues par le BS ont Ă©tĂ© dĂ©couvertes au niveau osseux chez deux patientes et pulmonaire chez une patiente. Un cas de faux-positif TEP hĂ©patique a Ă©tĂ© observĂ© (adĂ©nomatose). Cette Ă©tude confirme l’intĂ©rĂȘt de la TEP dans le staging initial des CSLA, notamment au niveau ganglionnaire extra-axillaire. Au niveau axillaire, une TEP positive suggĂšre fortement une atteinte mĂ©tastatique ; les cas d’interprĂ©tation douteuse incitant Ă  rĂ©aliser en complĂ©ment une cytoponction Ă©choguidĂ©e

    Analysis of chromosome positions in the interphase nucleus of Chinese hamster cells by laser-UV-microirradiation experiments

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    Unsynchronized cells of an essentially diploid strain of female Chinese hamster cells derived from lung tissue (CHL) were laser-UV-microirradiated (=257 nm) in the nucleus either at its central part or at its periphery. After 7–9 h postincubation with 0.5 mM caffeine, chromosome preparations were made in situ. Twenty-one and 29 metaphase spreads, respectively, with partial chromosome shattering (PCS) obtained after micro-irradiation at these two nuclear sites, were Q-banded and analyzed in detail. A positive correlation was observed between the frequency of damage of chromosomes and both their DNA content and length at metaphase. No significant difference was observed between the frequencies of damage obtained for individual chromosomes at either site of microirradiation. The frequency of joint damage of homologous chromosomes was low as compared to nonhomologous ones. Considerable variation was noted in different cells in the combinations of jointly shattered chromosomes. Evidence which justifies an interpretation of these data in terms of an interphase arrangement of chromosome territories is discussed. Our data strongly argue against somatic pairing as a regular event, and suggest a considerable variability of chromosome positions in different nuclei. However, present data do not exclude the possibility of certain non-random chromosomal arrangements in CHL-nuclei. The interphase chromosome distribution revealed by these experiments is compared with centromere-centromere, centromere-center and angle analyses of metaphase spreads and the relationship between interphase and metaphase arrangements of chromosomes is discussed

    Intrinsic nucleic acid dynamics modulates HIV-1 nucleocapsid protein binding to its targets

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    HIV-1 nucleocapsid protein (NC) is involved in the rearrangement of nucleic acids occurring in key steps of reverse transcription. The protein, through its two zinc fingers, interacts preferentially with unpaired guanines in single-stranded sequences. In mini-cTAR stem-loop, which corresponds to the top half of the cDNA copy of the transactivation response element of the HIV-1 genome, NC was found to exhibit a clear preference for the TGG sequence at the bottom of mini-cTAR stem. To further understand how this site was selected among several potential binding sites containing unpaired guanines, we probed the intrinsic dynamics of mini-cTAR using (13)C relaxation measurements. Results of spin relaxation time measurements have been analyzed using the model-free formalism and completed by dispersion relaxation measurements. Our data indicate that the preferentially recognized guanine in the lower part of the stem is exempt of conformational exchange and highly mobile. In contrast, the unrecognized unpaired guanines of mini-cTAR are involved in conformational exchange, probably related to transient base-pairs. These findings support the notion that NC preferentially recognizes unpaired guanines exhibiting a high degree of mobility. The ability of NC to discriminate between close sequences through their dynamic properties contributes to understanding how NC recognizes specific sites within the HIV genome
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