Seeing the light – finding the poetic content of design objects

This paper presents the process and initial results of a research through design project attempting to understand the poetic qualities of design objects. This exploration forms part of a PhD study addressing design artefacts as poetic objects - objects that both embed and conjure memory, association and imagination. The research examines the ways in which design objects can be poetic and how designers actively and knowingly use objects to poetic effect. It is proposed that the poetic content of design artefacts can be located on a continuum ranging from the experiential - relating to how we perceive things - to the reflective and cultural. What unites these levels is the capacity of design objects to reveal and change our way of looking at things. The practice uses the design of lighting as a vehicle for exploring the poetic meaning of designed objects more generally. Starting with the notion that lights do more than provide light, the current phase of practice examines the ways in which luminaires can mediate how we perceive and experience light and explores, in particular, the more nuanced and ephemeral qualities of light that escape conscious attention

Studies on some stereoisomeric unsaturated substances

Introduction. • • Theoretical Part. • • Experimental Part. I. Preparation of chloropiperonyldesoxybenzoin. • Preparation of the two piperonylidenedesoxyrbenzoins. • Transformations of the two piperonylidenedesoaybenzoíns into one another. • Behaviour of chloropiperonyldesoxybenzoin towards methyl and ethyl alcohols. • • II. Condensation of desoxybenzoin and o. nitrobenzaldehyde • Transforrnations of the two o. nitrobenzaldesoxybenzoins into one another. • Addition of desoxybenzoin to the two o. nitrobenzaldesoxybenzoins. • • III. Condensation of Desoxybenzoin and rn. nitrobenzaldehyde. Preparation of the three m. nitrobenzaldesoxy benzoins. • Melting- points of mixtures of the three n. nitrobenzaldesoxybenzoins. • Transformations of the three M. nitrobenzaldesoxybenzoins into one another. • Addition of desoxybenzoin to the three m. nitrobenzaldesoxybenzoins. • Addition of bromine to the three m. nitrobenzaldesoxybenzoins . • • IV. Condensation of desoxybenzcin and p. nítrobenzaldehyde. • Action of caustic potash on chloro- p.. nitrobenzyld, esoxrhenzoin. • Transformations of the three p. nitrobenzaldesoxybenzoins into one another. • Melting points of mixtures of the three p. nitrobenzaldiesoxybenzoins. • "Seedíng" experiments with supersaturated solutions of the three p. nitrobenzaldesoxybanzol.ns and with the fused substances. • Addition of desoxybenzoin to the three p. nitrobenzaldesoxybenzolns. • • V. Condensation of acetophenone and o. methoxybenzaldehyde • Attempts to obtain a stereoisomeric o. methoxybenzalacetophenone • • VI. Transformations of the two stereoisomeric piperonylideneacetones • • VII. Attempt to convert piperonylideneacetophenone into a stereoisomer • • VIII. Attempts to prepare a stereoisomer of anisylideneacetone. • • IX. Attempts to transform anisylídeneacetophenone into a stereoisomer

A Mixed Methods Approach to Identifying Administration Issues Pertinent in Interscholastic Sports

The purpose of this study was to investigate three propositions: a) What are the administration issues most pertinent to interscholastic sport today, as well as the next five years?, b) How important are those administration issues to athletic administrators?, and c) What are the potential implications of those pertinent administration issues to practicing athletic administrators? The literature provides a general overview of relevant issues surrounding interscholastic athletics. However, the importance and implications of relevant issues to practicing high school athletic administrators are difficult to discern. To answer the first proposition, the Minnesota State High School League (MSHSL) provided 10 contemporary administration issues that were most pertinent to interscholastic sport today, as well as the next five years. To answer the second proposition, a Likert-Scale was created so that practicing athletic administrators could rate each issue on a scale of 5 = extremely important to 1 = very little importance. A national study was conducted with athletic directors from the National Interscholastic Athletic Administrators Association (N = 170) annual conference. A one-tailed ANOVA was executed to determine significant differences among the 10 administration issues identified by the MSHSL. Four issues were found to be significant; Athletic Facilities, Athletic Training, Health Issues and Travel Teams. A Games-Howell post hoc was executed to determine significant differences across geographical regions of the United States. For the third proposition, semi-structured interviews were completed to provide insight on the implications for practicing athletic administrators. The results offer insight from which further investigations could be conducted to continue building on policies that influence interscholastic athletic administrators’ day-to-day accountability when overseeing their athletic programs

Nutritional and Metabolic Studies in Term and Preterm Infants

NUTRITIONAL AND METABOLIC STUDIES IN TERM AND PRETERM INFANTS. SUMMARY The nutritional management of the newborn infant continues to be plagued by fundamental issues which are the subject of much confusion and contradiction. There is not only an urgent need to clarify these issues, but also a need to widen our knowledge and understanding of many aspects of infant nutrition especially that relating to the preterm infant. This Thesis considers nutritional issues in both term and preterm infants. The issues addressed in the term infant are first, the aetiology of the condition breast milk jaundice, and second, whether the practice of early solid feeding is harmful to the infant. The studies in the preterm infant are aimed at providing nutritional data on the sick ventilated infant. MEASUREMENT OF ENERGY EXPENDITURE AND NUTRIENT UTILISATION IN VENTILATOR-DEPENDENT VERY LOW BIRTHWEIGHT INFANTS. With neurodevelopmental outcome of very low birth weight infants being adversly affected by inadequate nutrition during the first few weeks of life, there is an urgent need for more specific nutritional data on the sick VLBW ventilator-dependent infant. To date there is no calorimetry data on these infants because of technical difficulties relating to the practice of using continuous flow ventilators for neonatal ventilation. With differences in gas concentrations between inspiratory and expiratory circuits being so small, a system of considerable accuracy and precision is required. INVESTIGATION OF THE AETIOLOGY OF BREAST MILK JAUNDICE The aetiology of breast milk jaundice, an unconjugated hyperbilirubinaemia occurring in approximately 2-4% of breast fed infants, remains uncertain. It has been suggested that elevated free fatty acid concentrations within the breast milk inhibit hepatic glucuronyl transferase activity and their presence is the consequence of the activity of an abnormal lipase which has the chemical characteristics of bile salt-stimulated lipase but does not require prior stimulation by bile salts. For this conclusion to be drawn it was assumed that bile salts were not present in breast milk. There being no studies to support this assumption an investigation of breast milk for the presence of bile salts was undertaken. A STUDY TO DETERMINE IF EARLY SOLID FEEDING IS HARMFUL TO THE INFANT. Despite the professional advice that solid foods should not be introduced before 3 months of age the OPCS survey of 1980 showed that 56% of infants were introduced to solids before this time and the proportion increased to 62% when the survey was repeated in 1985. The reasons put forward for discouraging the premature introduction of solids include the possible risk of excessive weight gain, vulnerability of the gut to infection, and increased susceptibility to the development of allergic disease. A prospective clinical study was undertaken to determine the influence of the early introduction of solid foods on weight gain, the risk of gastro-intestinal disease and the risk of allergic disorders during the first 2 years of life. Special consideration was given to design and methodology, in particular, sample size, accuracy of feeding data, definition of outcomes, data collection and potential confounding variables. In this study 9.7% of infants were commenced on solids before 8 weeks and 4 9.4% between 8 and 12 weeks of age. Solids were introduced earlier in infants who were male, who were from lower socio-economic groups and who were bottle fed. After adjustment for confounding variables the introduction of solids before 13 weeks of age was associated with increased weight gain in infants at 8, 13 26 and 52 weeks but not at 104 weeks. Before and after adjustments for confounding factors, the incidence of gastro-intestinal infection was not influenced by the timing of the introduction of solids. Similarly, the early introduction of solids was not associated with an increased incidence of napkin dermatitis or wheeze. The incidence of eczema was increased at two years in infants who received solids between 8-12 weeks. There was increased incidence of respiratory illness at 14-26 weeks, and persistent cough at 14-26 and 27-39 weeks in early solid feeding infants. (Abstract shortened by ProQuest.)

CHARACTERISING SUCCESSFUL AND UNSUCCESSFUL AERIAL MANOEUVRES IN PROFESSIONAL SURFING COMPETITIONS

Although aerials are an effective way for a competitive surfer to increase their score during surfing competitions, less than half of aerial attempts are landed successfully during competition. This study aimed to identify which characteristics of performing an aerial during competition were associated with either a successful or unsuccessful landing. Video images of 121 aerials performed during the finals series of the 201 5 World Championship Tour season were qualitatively analysed. The Frontside Air Reverse was found to be the most commonly performed aerial, with critical features of landing, particularly features that improved a surfer's balanced landing position, significantly associated with successful aerials. These results provide evidence upon which coaches can modify a surfer's technique to encourage higher successful aerial completion rates

2,2,7-Trichloro-3,4-dihydro­naphthalen-1(2H)-one

The title compound, C10H7Cl3O, obtained as a major byproduct from a classical Schmidt reaction. The cyclohexyl ring is distorted from a classical chair conformation, as observed for monocyclic analogues, presumably due to conjugation of the planar annulated benzo ring and the ketone group (r.m.s. deviation 0.024 Å). There are no significant intermolecular interactions

Living with COVID-19 and preparing for future pandemics: revisiting lessons from the HIV pandemic

In April, 2020, just months into the COVID-19 pandemic, an international group of public health researchers published three lessons learned from the HIV pandemic for the response to COVID-19, which were to: anticipate health inequalities, create an enabling environment to support behavioural change, and engage a multidisciplinary effort. We revisit these lessons in light of more than 2 years’ experience with the COVID-19 pandemic. With specific examples, we detail how inequalities have played out within and between countries, highlight factors that support or impede the creation of enabling environments, and note ongoing issues with the scarcity of integrated science and health system approaches. We argue that to better apply lessons learned as the COVID-19 pandemic matures and other infectious disease outbreaks emerge, it will be imperative to create dialogue among polarised perspectives, identify shared priorities, and draw on multidisciplinary evidence

Provision of NICE recommended Varicose Vein Treatment in the NHS

Background: Standardization of access to treatment and compliance with clinical guidelines are important to ensure the delivery ofhigh-quality care to people with varicose veins. In the National Health Service (NHS) in England, commissioning of care for people withvaricose veins is performed by Clinical Commissioning Groups (CCGs) and clinical guidelines have been developed by the NationalInstitute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE CG168). The Evidence-Based Intervention (EBI) programme was introduced in theNHS with the aim of improving care quality and supporting implementation of NICE CG168. The aim of this study was to assessaccess to varicose vein treatments in the NHS and the impact of EBI.Methods: CCG policies for the delivery of varicose vein treatments in the NHS in England were obtained from 2017 (before EBIintroduction) and 2019 (after EBI introduction) and categorized by two independent reviewers into levels of compliance with NICECG168. Hospital Episode Statistics data were compared with the NICE commissioning model predictions. A quality-adjusted life-yearwas valued at £20 000 (Euro 23 000 15 November 2022).Results: Despite the introduction of the EBI programme, CCG compliance with NICE CG168 fell from 34.0 per cent (64 of 191) to 29.0 per cent(55 of 191). Some 33.0 per cent of CCG policies (63 of 191) became less compliant and only 7.3 per cent (14 of 191) changed to become fullycompliant. Overall, 66.5 per cent of CCGs (127 of 191) provided less than the recommended intervention rate before EBI and this increasedto 73.3 per cent (140 of191) after EBI. The overall proportion of patients estimated to require treatment annually who received treatmentfell from 44.0 to 37.0 per cent. The associated estimated loss in net health benefit was between £164 and 174 million (Euro 188 million and199 million 15 November 2022) over 3 years. A compliant policy was associated with a higher intervention rate; however, commissioningpolicy was associated with only 16.8 per cent of the variation in intervention rate (R2=0.168, P<0.001).Conclusion: Many local varicose vein commissioning policies in the NHS are not compliant with NICE CG168. More than half of patientswho should be offered varicose vein treatment are not receiving it, and there is widespread geographical variation. The EBI programmehas not been associated with any improvement in commissioning or access to varicose vein treatment

Fossil slabs attached to unsubducted fragments of the Farallon plate

As the Pacific–Farallon spreading center approached North America, the Farallon plate fragmented into a number of small plates. Some of the microplate fragments ceased subducting before the spreading center reached the trench. Most tectonic models have assumed that the subducting oceanic slab detached from these microplates close to the trench, but recent seismic tomography studies have revealed a high-velocity anomaly beneath Baja California that appears to be a fossil slab still attached to the Guadalupe and Magdalena microplates. Here, using surface wave tomography, we establish the lateral extent of this fossil slab and show that it is correlated with the distribution of high-Mg andesites thought to derive from partial melting of the subducted oceanic crust. We also reinterpret the high seismic velocity anomaly beneath the southern central valley of California as another fossil slab extending to a depth of 200 km or more that is attached to the former Monterey microplate. The existence of these fossil slabs may force a reexamination of models of the tectonic evolution of western North America over the last 30 My