Septin 7 reduces nonmuscle myosin IIA activity in the SNAP23 complex and hinders GLUT4 storage vesicle docking and fusion

Glomerular epithelial cells, podocytes, are insulin responsive and can develop insulin resistance. Here, we demonstrate that the small GTPase septin 7 forms a complex with nonmuscle myosin heavy chain HA (NMHC-HA; encoded by MYH9), a component of the nonmuscle myosin HA (NM-IIA) hexameric complex. We observed that knockdown of NMHC-IIA decreases insulin-stimulated glucose uptake into podocytes. Both septin 7 and NM-IIA associate with SNAP23, a SNARE protein involved in GLUT4 storage vesicle (GSV) docking and fusion with the plasma membrane. We observed that insulin decreases the level of septin 7 and increases the activity of NM-IIA in the SNAP23 complex, as visualized by increased phosphorylation of myosin regulatory light chain. Also knockdown of septin 7 increases the activity of NM-IIA in the complex. The activity of NM-IIA is increased in diabetic rat glomeruli and cultured human podocytes exposed to macroalbuminuric sera from patients with type 1 diabetes. Collectively, the data suggest that the activity of NM-IIA in the SNAP23 complex plays a key role in insulin-stimulated glucose uptake into podocytes. Furthermore, we observed that septin 7 reduces the activity of NM-IIA in the SNAP23 complex and thereby hinders GSV docking and fusion with the plasma membrane.Peer reviewe

Professional Competences of Music Therapists Working in Post-stroke Rehabilitation

The aim of this qualitative study is to gain more insight into the skills and knowledge that music therapists feel they need in order to work successfully with people who have had an acute stroke. For this purpose, 6 music therapists were interviewed about their own particular specialist education. Another interview topic for them was to recount their subjective experiences of post-stroke rehabilitation work in hospitals and health care units, during the course of two projects: the Music Listening Project (=MUKU), which specifically used music listening during acute stroke rehabilitation; and the Active Music Therapy Project (=MT-STROKE), which used more active music therapy techniques. The interviews pointed to three key categories regarding the factors that are seen to affect clinical thinking: the first hinges on knowledge concerning the neurological basis of strokes; the second on patient interaction itself; and the third on the physiological and emotional aspects of music therapy. The results provide a better understanding of the tacit knowledge possessed by music therapists who work within Stroke Rehabilitation

Professional Competences of Music Therapists Working in Post-stroke Rehabilitation

The aim of this qualitative study is to gain more insight into the skills and knowledge that music therapists feel they need, in order to work successfully with people who have had an acute stroke. For this purpose, six music therapists were interviewed about their own particular specialist education. Another interview topic for them was to recount their subjective experiences of poststroke rehabilitation work in hospitals and health care units during the course of two projects that they participated in. The first was a project that specifically used music listening during acute stroke rehabilitation; and the second was a project, which used more active music therapy techniques, like drumming during acute stroke rehabilitation. In the first project, patients who were bedridden in hospitals or health care units could listen to familiar songs that stimulated them in both a physical and cognitive way, and helped them to relax and regulate their moods better. In the second project different therapeutic approaches were observed and reflected upon during the piloting phase of the project and then an ideal combination of the activities was defined for the main phase. The resulting clinical music therapy model was thus created to specifically meet the special needs of stroke patients. Three crucial factors gleaned from the interviews that were seen to affect clinical thinking were: a) knowledge concerning the neurological basis of strokes; b) good patient interaction; and c) accurate observation of the physiological and psychological aspects of music therapy. In this way, these results provide a better understanding of the tacit knowledge possessed by music therapists who work within stroke rehabilitation.peerReviewe

Masentuneen kehonkuva ja tanssi-liiketerapian vaikutus siihen

nonPeerReviewe

Ryhmämuotoinen tanssi-liiketerapia kuntoutusmuotona masennuspotilaille : Satunnaistettu kontrolloitu tutkimus

Tutkimme tanssi-liiketerapian (TLT) käytettävyyttä masentuneiden työikäisten kuntoutuksessa. Tutkittavia oli 157, joista 109 satunnaistettiin TLT-interventioryhmään (n = 52) tai kontrolliryhmään (n = 57). Loput tutkittavat (n = 48) osallistuivat satunnaistamattomiin TLT-ryhmiin. Kaikilla tutkittavilla oli lääkärin diagnosoima masennus, joka aiheutti uhkaa työ- tai opiskelukyvylle. TLT-interventio tapahtui tanssi-liiketerapeutin ohjaamassa ryhmässä, joka kokoontui 20 x 75 minuuttia 10 viikon aikana. Kaikki tutkittavat saivat tavanomaista hoitoa tutkimuksen aikana. Alku-, jälki- ja 3 kuukauden seurantamittauksessa tarkasteltiin masennusoireilua (BDI), yleistä psyykkistä vointia (CORE-OM), työ- tai opiskelukykyä ja kehonkuvaa. TLT-interventioryhmän oireet (BDI, CORE-OM) vähenivät merkitsevästi verrattuna kontrolliryhmään, missä tutkittavien oireissa ei tapahtunut muutosta. Interventioryhmän työ- tai opiskelukyky vahvistui. Interventioryhmässä lähes 45 % tutkittavista hyötyi TLT-interventiosta. Ryhmien väliset efektikoot osoittivat keskikokoisia eroja (d = 0,58–0,72) kaikissa oireissa seurantamittauksessa. Koe-kontrolliasetelman aikana kontrolliryhmässä ei tapahtunut muutosta kehonkuvassa, mutta interventioryhmänkään muutos ei pistemäärämuutoksena ollut tilastollisesti merkitsevä. Vaikka määrällisiä muutoksia ei havaittu, laadullisessa koko aineiston tarkastelussa havaittiin, että tutkittavien kehonkuvassa korostui energian puute, epämukavuus sekä huoli siitä, mitä toiset ajattelevat omasta kehosta ja toiminnasta. Kehon toimintakyky ja olemus koettiin huonoina. Tutkittavilla ilmeni pyrkimystä olla huomioimatta, mitä kehossa tapahtuu. TLT-interventiovaiheessa seurantamittauksen vastauksissa ilmeni enemmän itsen ja kehon havainnointia, hyväksyntää, uudenlaisen toiminnan kokeilemista, enemmän neutraaliutta ja myötätuntoa. Tutkimustulos osoitti TLT-intervention tuomien suotuisten muutosten säilyvän lyhyen 3 kuukauden seuranta-ajan.LoppuunmyytypeerReviewedVertaisarvioit

Vocal music enhances memory and language recovery after stroke : pooled results from two RCTs

Objective: Previous studies suggest that daily music listening can aid stroke recovery, but little is known about the stimulus-dependent and neural mechanisms driving this effect. Building on neuroimaging evidence that vocal music engages extensive and bilateral networks in the brain, we sought to determine if it would be more effective for enhancing cognitive and language recovery and neuroplasticity than instrumental music or speech after stroke. Methods: Using data pooled from two single-blind randomized controlled trials in stroke patients (N = 83), we compared the effects of daily listening to self-selected vocal music, instrumental music, and audiobooks during the first 3 poststroke months. Outcome measures comprised neuropsychological tests of verbal memory (primary outcome), language, and attention and a mood questionnaire performed at acute, 3-month, and 6-month stages and structural and functional MRI at acute and 6-month stages. Results: Listening to vocal music enhanced verbal memory recovery more than instrumental music or audiobooks and language recovery more than audiobooks, especially in aphasic patients. Voxel-based morphometry and resting-state and task-based fMRI results showed that vocal music listening selectively increased gray matter volume in left temporal areas and functional connectivity in the default mode network. Interpretation: Vocal music listening is an effective and easily applicable tool to support cognitive recovery after stroke as well as to enhance early language recovery in aphasia. The rehabilitative effects of vocal music are driven by both structural and functional plasticity changes in temporoparietal networks crucial for emotional processing, language, and memory.Peer reviewe