6 research outputs found

    Dominance relationships in a Lemur fulvus group

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    Une étude des relations de dominance a été réalisée dans un groupe de Lemur fulvus mayottensis élevé au Centre de Primatologie de Strasbourg. L'analyse a porté sur différents critÚres relatifs a l'agression, ainsi qu'à la préséance alimentaire lors de l'accÚs à une source de nourriture ou de boisson. Les résultats révÚlent essentiellement une relation de dominance marquée entre les deux mùles adultes du groupe, ainsi qu'une absence de dominance des femelles sur les mùles contrairement au schéma classiquement décrit chez les Lémuridés; ils sont discutés dans le cadre de données récentes concernant l'organisation sociale de ces espÚce

    La frĂ©quentation du tutorat : des pratiques diffĂ©renciĂ©es. EnquĂȘte au sein de huit universitĂ©s françaises

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    This paper reports the results of a survey consisting of questions about tutorials, carried out in eight French universities. After a short description of the characteristics of the surveyed public, the factors contributing to the attendance at tutorials are analysed. At last, the students’ opinions concerning the usefulness and function of the tutorial system are described. All the results highlight a great heterogeneousness of the practices and opinions within the different sites and courses and show that the “ university effect” seems to be more pronounced than the “ course effect”. This phenomenon can be analysed as the local version of a national system as well as with reference to stakes and evolutions internal to different establishments.Cette contribution rend compte des rĂ©sultats d’une enquĂȘte par questionnaires sur le tutorat, conduite au sein de huit universitĂ©s françaises. AprĂšs une description succincte des caractĂ©ristiques du public Ă©tudiĂ©, les facteurs contribuant Ă  la frĂ©quentation du tutorat sont analysĂ©s. Enfin, sont dĂ©crites les opinions des Ă©tudiants en matiĂšre d’utilitĂ© et de fonction des dispositifs tutoriaux. L’ensemble des rĂ©sultats met en lumiĂšre une grande hĂ©tĂ©rogĂ©nĂ©itĂ© des pratiques et des opinions au sein des diffĂ©rents sites et filiĂšres et montre que l’ «effet universitĂ© » paraĂźt plus prononcĂ© que l’ «effet filiĂšre » . Ce phĂ©nomĂšne peut ĂȘtre analysĂ© comme la dĂ©clinaison locale d’un dispositif national mais aussi en rĂ©fĂ©rence Ă  des enjeux et Ă  des Ă©volutions internes aux diffĂ©rents Ă©tablissements.Fornasieri Isabelle, Lafont Lucile, Poteaux Nicole, SerĂ© Marie-GeneviĂšve. La frĂ©quentation du tutorat : des pratiques diffĂ©renciĂ©es. EnquĂȘte au sein de huit universitĂ©s françaises. In: Recherche & Formation, N°43, 2003. Entrer Ă  l’universitĂ©. Le Tutorat mĂ©thodologique, sous la direction de RĂ©gine Sirota. pp. 29-45

    Separating Patients with SEID from Those with CFS in the French ME/CFS Association, with Some Thoughts on Nomenclature

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    In 2015, the American Institute of Medicine, now called the National Academy of Medicine, (IOM/NAM) proposed new diagnostic criteria for both Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS) and a new label: Systemic Exertion Intolerance Disease (SEID). This study aimed to evaluate the SEID criteria among members of the French Association of ME/CFS (ASFC) and their opinion about this new name. We sent an anonymous questionnaire to 494 ASFC members, using French-translated questions derived from the IOM/NAM tool kit. Among the 178/231 responding subjects who reported ME/CFS diagnosis, 150 (84%) met the criteria of SEID. For each set of questions, we identified some of them that significantly distinguished SEID from non-SEID patients concerning unrefreshing sleep, cognitive disorders, and orthostatic intolerance items. Forty-six percent of the respondents considered the “SEID” terminology as more appropriate than “CFS”, 39% considered it inappropriate, and 15% had no opinion. Some questions better identified the SEID criteria. The IOM/NAM SEID criteria captured a large part of ASFC members suffering from ME/CFS. However, this new SEID label was not well accepted by the subjects, nor were the other denominations, suggesting that a better term should be found. Pending development of specific markers, further work with patient communities is needed to find a more suitable label

    SpĂ©cificitĂ©s des stratĂ©gies d'adaptation en cas de syndrome de fatigue chronique identifiĂ©es dans une enquĂȘte flash française pendant le confinement de COVID-19

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    International audienceThe COVID‐19 pandemic has focused health systems on supporting patients affected by this virus. Meanwhile in the community, many other contained patients could only use self‐care strategies, especially in countries that have set up a long and strict containment such as France. The study aimed to compare coping strategies deployed by patients with Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS; a poorly recognised syndrome) to those with better known and referenced chronic conditions. An online flash survey was conducted during the containment period in partnership with French Patients Organizations including ME/CFS national association. Therefore, ‘Brief COPE’ version of Lazarus and Folkman's Ways of Coping Check List has been adapted to the specificity of the containment. The survey was e‐distributed in France from 15 April to 11 May 2020. Differences of coping strategies were analyzed using Wilcoxon–Mann–Withney test. Amongst 637 responses, 192 were complete, presenting a wide variety of diseases, including 93 ME/CFS. The latter have significantly different coping strategies than recognised diagnosed diseases patients: similar uses of emotion focused coping but less uses of seek social support and problem‐focused copings. In conclusion, coping strategies are different for those who deal with the daily experience of ME/CFS, highly disabling chronic condition with diagnostic ambiguity, low degree of medical and social recognition and without treatment. Better understanding of those strategies is needed to provide the means for health promotion researchers, managers and clinicians, to accompany those patients.La pandĂ©mie de COVID-19 a concentrĂ© les systĂšmes de santĂ© sur le soutien aux patients touchĂ©s par ce virus. Pendant ce temps, dans la communautĂ©, de nombreux autres patients confinĂ©s ne pouvaient utiliser que des stratĂ©gies d'auto-soins, en particulier dans les pays qui ont mis en place un long et strict confinement comme la France. L'Ă©tude visait Ă  comparer les stratĂ©gies d'adaptation dĂ©ployĂ©es par les patients atteints d'encĂ©phalomyĂ©lite myalgique/syndrome de fatigue chronique (EM/SFC ; un syndrome mal reconnu) Ă  celles de patients souffrant de maladies chroniques mieux connues et rĂ©fĂ©rencĂ©es. Une enquĂȘte flash en ligne a Ă©tĂ© menĂ©e pendant la pĂ©riode de confinement en partenariat avec des associations de patients françaises dont l'association nationale ME/CFS. Par consĂ©quent, la version "Brief COPE" de la liste de contrĂŽle des moyens de faire face de Lazarus et Folkman a Ă©tĂ© adaptĂ©e Ă  la spĂ©cificitĂ© du confinement. L'enquĂȘte a Ă©tĂ© distribuĂ©e par voie Ă©lectronique en France du 15 avril au 11 mai 2020. Les diffĂ©rences de stratĂ©gies d'adaptation ont Ă©tĂ© analysĂ©es Ă  l'aide du test de Wilcoxon-Mann-Withney. Parmi les 637 rĂ©ponses, 192 Ă©taient complĂštes, prĂ©sentant une grande variĂ©tĂ© de maladies, dont 93 EM/SFC. Ces derniers ont des stratĂ©gies d'adaptation significativement diffĂ©rentes de celles des patients atteints de maladies diagnostiquĂ©es : utilisation similaire de l'adaptation centrĂ©e sur les Ă©motions, mais utilisation moindre de la recherche de soutien social et de l'adaptation centrĂ©e sur les problĂšmes. En conclusion, les stratĂ©gies d'adaptation sont diffĂ©rentes pour ceux qui font face Ă  l'expĂ©rience quotidienne de l'EM/SFC, une maladie chronique hautement invalidante, au diagnostic ambigu, au faible degrĂ© de reconnaissance mĂ©dicale et sociale et sans traitement. Une meilleure comprĂ©hension de ces stratĂ©gies est nĂ©cessaire pour donner les moyens aux chercheurs, gestionnaires et cliniciens de la promotion de la santĂ©, d'accompagner ces patients

    Psychometric validation of the French Multidimensional Chronic Asthenia Scale (MCAS) in a sample of 621 patients with chronic fatigue

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    Abstract Background Psychometric validation of the Multidimensional Chronic Asthenia Scale (MCAS) was conducted in order to provide an effective tool for assessing the health-related quality of life of French-speaking patients with chronic asthenia (CA). Methods Items resulting from the initial formulation of the self-reported MCAS (along with other materials) were completed by French-speaking volunteers with inactive or active inflammatory bowel disease (IBD-I vs. IBD-A) or chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). Responses from 621 participants (180 patients with IBD-A, 172 with IBD-I, 269 with CFS) collected in a single online survey were divided into three subsamples to test the construct validity of the MCAS (Step 1, N = 240), to confirm its factorial structure (Step 2, N = 204) and to explore its convergent-discriminant validity with the Fatigue Symptoms Inventory (FSI) and revised Piper Fatigue Scale (r-PFS, Step 3, N = 177). Results Steps 1 and 2 showed that, as expected, MCAS has four dimensions: feeling of constraint (FoC), physical (PC), life (LC) and interpersonal consequences (IC), which are also related to the duration of CA (i.e., the longer it lasts, the more the dimensions are impacted). The results further showed that the MCAS is sensitive enough to capture between-group differences, with the CFS group being the most impaired, followed by IBD-A and IBD-I. While convergent-discriminant validity between the 4 factors of MCAS and FSI and r-PFS, respectively, was satisfactory overall, Step 3 also pointed to some limitations that call for future research (e.g., shared variances between the PC and IC dimensions of MCAS and behavioral dimension of r-PFS). Conclusion Despite these limitations, the MCAS clearly constitutes a promising tool for measuring quantitative differences (i.e., severity/intensity) in CA associated with various diseases, but also, and importantly, the clinically important differences in domains of its expression (i.e., qualitative differences)
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