5 research outputs found

    From influence to impact: the multifunctional land-use in Mediterranean prehistory emerging from palynology of archaeological sites (8.0-2.8 ka BP)

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    Archaeobotany is used to discover details on local land uses in prehistoric settlements developed during the middle and beginning of late Holocene. Six archaeological sites from four countries (Spain, Italy, Greece, and Turkey) have pollen and charcoal records showing clear signs of the agrarian systems that had developed in the Mediterranean basin during different cultural phases, from pre-Neolithic to Recent Bronze Age. A selected list of pollen taxa and sums, including cultivated trees, other woody species, crops and annual or perennial synanthropic plants are analysed for land use reconstructions. In general, cultivation has a lower image in palynology than forestry, and past land uses became visible when oakwoods were affected by human activities. On-site palynology allows us to recognise the first influence of humans even before it can be recognised in off-site sequences, and off-site sequences can allow us to determine the area of influence of a site. Neolithic and Bronze Age archaeological sites show similar land use dynamics implying oak exploitation, causing local deforestation, and cultivation of cereal fields in the area or around the site. Although a substantial difference makes the Neolithic influence quite distant from the Bronze Age impact, mixed systems of land exploitation emerged everywhere. Multiple land use activities exist (multifunctional landscapes) at the same time within the area of influence of a site. Since the Neolithic, people have adopted a diffuse pattern of land use involving a combination of diverse activities, using trees\u2013crops\u2013domesticated animals. The most recurrent combination included wood exploitation, field cultivation and animal breeding. The lesson from the past is that the multifunctional land use, combining sylvo-pastoral and crop farming mixed systems, has been widely adopted for millennia, being more sustainable than the monoculture and a promising way to develop our economy

    Tendência dos estudos sobre assédio moral e trabalhadores de enfermagem

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    Estudo de Revisão Integrativa da Literatura com o objetivo de analisar o conhecimento produzido sobre o assédiomoral na enfermagem, apresentado em publicações nacionais e internacionais. Foram pesquisados artigos em basesde dados on-line entre os anos de 1999 e 2009, constituindo-se uma amostra de 18 publicações. Após cuidadosaleitura, foram construídas sete categorias temáticas: avaliação do assédio moral; comportamentos de assédio moralexperimentados por enfermeiros; estratégias de coping adotadas por enfermeiros; consequências do assédio moral;assédio moral na enfermagem como discriminação de raça e gênero; assédio moral entre profissionais de enfermagem;instituições como determinantes do assédio moral. Resultados dos estudos confirmam a presença do assédiomoral na enfermagem, contudo, apontam que estes profissionais têm aceitado e reproduzido este tipo de violência,evidenciando a necessidade de conscientização desta população, como das instituições de saúde, quanto ao assédiomoral e seus prejuízos

    Long-term effect of a practice-based intervention (HAPPY AUDIT) aimed at reducing antibiotic prescribing in patients with respiratory tract infections

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