The \u3ci\u3eTbx20\u3c/i\u3e Homologs \u3ci\u3emidline\u3c/i\u3e and \u3ci\u3eH15\u3c/i\u3e Specify Ventral Fate in the \u3ci\u3eDrosophila melanogaster\u3c/i\u3e Leg

Regional fates in the developing limbs of Drosophila melanogaster are controlled by selector gene transcription factors. Ventral fate in the fly leg is specified by the expression of the ligand Wingless. We present evidence that midline and H15, members of the Tbx20 class of T-box transcription factors, are key mediators of the Wingless signal in the formation of the ventral region of the fly leg. midline and H15 are restricted to identical ventral domains of expression through activation by Wingless and repression by the dorsal signal Decapentaplegic. midline and H15 function redundantly and cell autonomously in the formation of ventral-specific structures. Conversely, midline is sufficient to induce ventral fate. Finally, the induction of ectopic ventral fate by mid is compromised when Wingless signaling is attenuated, suggesting that Wingless acts both upstream and in parallel with midline/H15 to specify ventral fate. Based on these results, we propose that midline and H15 may be considered as the selector genes for ventral leg fate

Measuring Computerization and Centralization : an Approach Derived from the Management of Public Registers

Many researchers having commented on the links between information technology and organizational change have reached conflicting conclusions about the causal relationship linking these two dimensions. In this article, we approach this relationship from a new angle by developing a scorecard allowing measurement of more specific dimensions of Computerization and Centralization. To develop this management tool called CSS (Computerization and Centralization Scorecard), we relied on research conducted within the Swiss public administrations, especially regarding the digitization of registers of persons. The development of this tool followed a first descriptive analysis model developed to treat semi-structured interviews we conducted with various stakeholders in our research

A Three-Dimensional Framework to Analyse the Governance of Population Registers

In June 2006, the Swiss Parliament made two important decisions with regards to public registers' governance and individuals' identification. It adopted a new law on the harmonisation of population registers in order to simplify statistical data collection and data exchange from around 4'000 decentralized registers, and it also approved the introduction of a Unique Person Identifier (UPI). The law is rather vague about the implementation of this harmonisation and even though many projects are currently being undertaken in this domain, most of them are quite technical. We believe there is a need for analysis tools and therefore we propose a conceptual framework based on three pillars (Privacy, Identity and Governance) to analyse the requirements in terms of data management for population registers

Christian Palestinian Aramaic Font Dataset

This dataset paper has been submitted to the RDJ journal on 26.02.24. It presents the dataset of a new Christian Palestinian Aramaic Font, the CPA-DM, published in December 2022. See https://github.com/sib-swiss/dh-cpa and https://nakala.fr/10.34847/nkl.05d0mfz9 The font can be tested without installation on https://etalk.sib.swiss/cp

Function of the C. elegans T-box factor TBX-2 depends on SUMOylation

T-box transcription factors are critical developmental regulators in all multi-cellular organisms, and altered T-box factor activity is associated with a variety of human congenital diseases and cancers. Despite the biological significance of T-box factors, their mechanism of action is not well understood. Here we examine whether SUMOylation affects the function of the C. elegans Tbx2 sub-family T-box factor TBX-2. We have previously shown that TBX-2 interacts with the E2 SUMO-conjugating enzyme UBC-9, and that loss of TBX-2 or UBC-9 produces identical defects in ABa-derived pharyngeal muscle development. We now show that TBX-2 is SUMOylated in mammalian cell assays, and that both UBC-9 interaction and SUMOylation depends on two SUMO consensus sites located in the T-box DNA binding domain and near the TBX-2 C-terminus, respectively. In co-transfection assays, a TBX-2:GAL4 fusion protein represses expression of a 5xGal4:tk:luciferase construct. However, this activity does not require SUMOylation, indicating SUMO is not generally required for TBX-2 repressor activity. In C. elegans, reducing SUMOylation enhances the phenotype of a temperature-sensitive tbx-2 mutant and results in ectopic expression of a gene normally repressed by TBX-2, demonstrating that SUMOylation is important for TBX-2 function in vivo. Finally, we show mammalian orthologs of TBX-2, Tbx2, and Tbx3, can also be SUMOylated, suggesting SUMOylation may be a conserved mechanism controlling T-box factor activity. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00018-013-1336-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users