Flannery’s Ghost: Paradigms of the Holy Ghost in Three Stories by Flannery O’Connor

Les lecteurs des nouvelles de Flannery O’Connor auront sûrement remarqué les multiples allusions au Saint-Esprit, insérées sous une forme ou une autre. L’une des nouvelles utilise même ces mots en guise de titre, “ Le Temple du Saint-Esprit ” (“ The Temple of the Holy Ghost ”), et de nombreuses autres y font référence de manière directe, iconographique ou implicite. “ The Enduring Chill ”allie les trois et ajoute une autre dimension en présentant le Saint-Esprit comme un personnage humain, sous l’apparence du mystérieux prêtre Jésuite, Ignatius Vogle, dont le nom et l’unique profession de foi dans “ The Third Person of the Trinity ”, parcourent l’histoire du début jusqu’à la fin. Lire les nouvelles de Flannery O’Connor m’a amené à croire que la présence du Saint-Esprit joue un rôle essentiel dans la signification profonde de cette satire. Cependant, je tiens à insister sur le fait que mon intérêt pour la fonction du Saint-Esprit dans les trois nouvelles que j’étudie est bien plus d’ordre dramatique que doctrinal. Certes, Flannery O’Connor elle-même affirmerait sans aucun doute que la dimension doctrinale, ou ce qu’elle appellerait la dimension anagogique du Saint-Esprit, est, finalement, plus importante que la dimension dramatique. Pourtant je suis sûr qu’elle admettrait aussi que sans cet effet dramatique, l’histoire court le risque de tourner au sermon et de sacrifier l’art au profit de la théologie

Flannery’s Ghost: Paradigms of the Holy Ghost in Three Stories by Flannery O’Connor

Les lecteurs des nouvelles de Flannery O’Connor auront sûrement remarqué les multiples allusions au Saint-Esprit, insérées sous une forme ou une autre. L’une des nouvelles utilise même ces mots en guise de titre, “ Le Temple du Saint-Esprit ” (“ The Temple of the Holy Ghost ”), et de nombreuses autres y font référence de manière directe, iconographique ou implicite. “ The Enduring Chill ”allie les trois et ajoute une autre dimension en présentant le Saint-Esprit comme un personnage humain, sous l’apparence du mystérieux prêtre Jésuite, Ignatius Vogle, dont le nom et l’unique profession de foi dans “ The Third Person of the Trinity ”, parcourent l’histoire du début jusqu’à la fin. Lire les nouvelles de Flannery O’Connor m’a amené à croire que la présence du Saint-Esprit joue un rôle essentiel dans la signification profonde de cette satire. Cependant, je tiens à insister sur le fait que mon intérêt pour la fonction du Saint-Esprit dans les trois nouvelles que j’étudie est bien plus d’ordre dramatique que doctrinal. Certes, Flannery O’Connor elle-même affirmerait sans aucun doute que la dimension doctrinale, ou ce qu’elle appellerait la dimension anagogique du Saint-Esprit, est, finalement, plus importante que la dimension dramatique. Pourtant je suis sûr qu’elle admettrait aussi que sans cet effet dramatique, l’histoire court le risque de tourner au sermon et de sacrifier l’art au profit de la théologie

And Do You Take This Stranger To Be Your Lawfully Wedded Wife? : The Usefulness of Social Penetration Theory within Premarital Counseling

With fifty percent of today\u27s marriages ending in divorce, one begins to wonder if engaged couples should be more prepared when entering into a marriage commitment. This mixed-methods study investigates the function of social penetration theory within premarital counseling programs. The research was designed to address three questions: (1) Do engaged couples believe they know the depth and breadth of their partner adequately enough to be prepared for marriage after receiving premarital counseling? (2) Do counselors indirectly support the basic premise of social penetration theory by actively using strategies to help engaged partners reveal important aspects of the breadth and depth of their personalities before entering into marriage? (3) What areas of deficiency do counselors and couples find exist in current premarital counseling programs in regards to reaching an intimate depth and breadth of each partner\u27s personality? In order to answer these questions, ten pastoral counselors and ten newly married couples were interviewed regarding their perspectives on the premarital counseling program. The results revealed that pastors support the premises of social penetration theory in that they encourage couples to spend a vast amount of time together, learning about each other, before committing to marriage. Pastors can effectively use a variety of methods to get couples engaged in deeper conversations during premarital counseling, including asking the couple direct and meaningful questions, building a close relationship with the couple, and using an inventory or questionnaire to reveal important aspects of the couple\u27s relationship that need addressing. Premarital counseling was perceived by both pastors and couples to be stronger at discussing certain areas in depth rather than addressing a wide breadth of topics. The majority of the couples (60%) were satisfied with the depth and breadth of their premarital counseling material, but those who did wish to discuss topics more fully wanted to engage in more conversations about finances, developing boundaries with in-laws, sexual intimacy, and dealing with anger. Some depth and breadth of knowledge about one\u27s partner cannot be learned until one begins marriage, and most couples found they talked more about the physical details of sex, practical finances, and coordinating schedules after their wedding day

Is the Illinois Equity in Eminent Domain Act Truly Equitable?

Since the Supreme Court approved of economic growth as a proper public use to support the exercise of eminent domain power to take privately-owned property in Kelo v. City of New London, state legislatures across the country have been reviewing and revising their eminent domain statutes. Private property owners have urged states to protect their rights by adopting a more restrictive interpretation of public use, while municipalities have argued that broad eminent domain powers allow the government to serve the best interest of the public in an efficient and cost effective manner. In Illinois, the state legislature attempted to strike a balance between these two opposing positions by passing the Equity in Eminent Domain Act. This note examines the public use provisions of the Act in light of United States Supreme Court and Illinois Supreme Court precedents, and then suggests that a new definition of blight is required in order to ensure that the goals of the Act are accomplished

Short story cycles of the Americas, a transitional post-colonial form: a study of V.S. Naipaul\u27s Miguel Street, Ernest Gaines\u27s Bloodline, and Garbriel Garcia Marquez\u27s Los Funerales de Mama Grande

This dissertation is a study of three short story cycles which are representative of the genre in the Americas: Miguel Street (1959) by V.S. Naipaul, Los Funerales de Mama Grande (1962) by Gabriel Garcia Marquez and Bloodline (1968) by Ernest Gaines. I analyze each of these cycles in depth concentrating on the structure, the order of the stories, and unifying elements such as characters, themes, internal symbolism, place, language and events, in order to demonstrate that these short story collections are indeed short story cycles. I examine these cycles in light of the two themes or factors out of which the modern cycle originates: desire for selfhood versus desire for community and desire for change versus desire to remain the same or even to go back. I believe that the modern short story cycle relates in some ways the dynamic duality of a desire or acceptation of individuality, selfhood, independence, versus the desire for a lost, denied, ideal (utopia) community. The cycle and more specifically the cycles from the South, Hispanic America and the Caribbean reflect the need for individuals to assert their selfhoods but also the need to challenge an imposed mass identity in order to form a new collective identity based on revived and revised inherited myths. The concept of change, evolution, transition in the community, is maybe not inherent to all short story cycles; however, I believe it is a key factor in cycles of the American South, Latin America and the Caribbean. These three regions have many common traits not only in literature, but also in their history, and especially in a reforging of their own national/regional identity. All three cycles focus on a transitional period in the history of their nation which is derived from the postcolonial experience

Synchronisation of egg hatching of brown hairstreak (Thecla betulae) and budburst of blackthorn (Prunus spinosa) in a warmer future

Synchronisation of the phenology of insect herbivores and their larval food plant is essential for the herbivores’ fitness. The monophagous brown hairstreak (Thecla betulae) lays its eggs during summer, hibernates as an egg, and hatches in April or May in the Netherlands. Its main larval food plant blackthorn (Prunus spinosa) flowers in early spring, just before the leaves appear. As soon as the Blackthorn opens its buds, and this varies with spring temperatures, food becomes available for the brown hairstreak. However, the suitability of the leaves as food for the young caterpillars is expected to decrease rapidly. Therefore, the timing of egg hatch is an important factor for larval growth. This study evaluates food availability for brown hairstreak at different temperatures. Egg hatch and budburst were monitored from 2004 to 2008 at different sites in the Netherlands. Results showed ample food availability at all monitored temperatures and sites but the degree of synchrony varied strongly with spring temperatures. To further study the effect of temperature on synchronisation, an experiment using normal temperatures of a reference year (T) and temperatures of T + 5°C was carried out in climate chambers. At T + 5°C, both budburst and egg hatch took place about 20 days earlier and thus, on average, elevated temperature did not affect synchrony. However, the total period of budburst was 11 days longer, whereas the period of egg hatching was 3 days shorter. The implications for larval growth by the brown hairstreak under a warmer climate are considered.