Systemic design of multidisciplinary electrical energy devices: a pedagogical approach

In this paper, we present a complete educative project for illustrating the design and the analysis of hybrid electrical systems. It is based on the study of an ElectroHydrostatic Actuator for flight control application, fed by a power supply associating a PEM fuel cell with a ultracapacitor storage. This system is controlled to achieve a typical energy management strategy of this multi source structure. Step by step, student can faces typical issues relative to the design of heterogenous and multidisciplinary devices by achieving eight pedagogical objectives. These eight targets are focused on methodological approach for multi domain modelling (Bond Graphs), causal analysis, but also on simulation of complex heterogeneous systems. A typical hybrid system feeding an ElectroHydrostatic Actuator (EHA) for flight control application has to be designed which drives students towards other pedagogical objectives: system based device sizing (fuel cell and ultracapacitor), energy management, system analysis

Design of sustainable energy systems : a new challenge for Engineering Education

This paper presents the main features of the master-level programme in “EcoEnergy” offered as a full-time one year course at “Institut National Polytechnique of Toulouse” in order to provide engineers with a state-of-the-art education in the area of advanced energy technologies and systems. It is based on an original and equilibrated combination of process systems engineering and electrical engineering disciplines, with an interdisciplinary problem-solving approach necessary for identifying sustainable solutions in the energy sector. More precisely, the students learn how to design, develop and implement energy systems and technologies in various industrial sectors for which efficient management of energy issues is vital to remain competitive

Modélisation et caractérisation de la pile PEM pour l'étude des interactions avec les convertisseurs statiques

Face aux enjeux énergétiques et environnementaux, l'hydrogène suscite beaucoup d'espoir. Dans divers domaines de la physique, de très nombreux travaux ont ainsi été entrepris sur la pile à combustible, maillon essentiel de la chaîne d'exploitation de l'hydrogène. En électronique de puissance, beaucoup d'études ont été menées sur la mise en oeuvre d'une production décentralisée ou sur des convertisseurs statiques dédiés. Cependant, très peu de travaux ont porté sur les interactions entre les piles à combustible et les convertisseurs. Cette thèse propose des modèles électriques (type circuit) dynamiques et forts signaux de pile à combustible PEM alimentée en hydrogène et oxygène purs. Ces modèles prennent en compte les différents phénomènes physico-chimiques au sein d'une pile à combustible. Des méthodes basées sur un nombre limité d'essais expérimentaux originaux (balayages en courant à basses fréquences de fortes amplitudes) permettent de paramétrer ces modèles. Ces modèles sont ensuite utilisés pour l'étude des interactions entre les piles à combustible PEM et les convertisseurs statiques les plus usités : hacheur abaisseur, hacheur élévateur, onduleurs de tension monophasé et triphasé. Le rôle fondamental des phénomènes de double couche dans ces interactions est démontré : ils interviennent avantageusement pour permettre à une pile à combustible de tolérer les harmoniques de courant générés intrinsèquement par les convertisseurs statiques. Des tendances pour le choix des éléments de filtrage à mettre en oeuvre en sont déduites

Development of sustainable energy systems: a new challenge for process systems engineering education

This paper presents the main features of the master-level programme in “EcoEnergy” offered as a full-time one year course at “Institut National Polytechnique of Toulouse” in order to provide engineers with a state-of-the-art education in the area of advanced energy technologies and systems. It is based on an original and equilibrated combination of process systems engineering and electrical engineering disciplines, with an interdisciplinary problem-solving approach necessary for identifying sustainable solutions in the energy sector. More precisely, the students learn how to design, develop and implement energy systems and technologies in various industrial sectors for which efficient management of energy issues is vital to remain competitive

Racial differences in systemic sclerosis disease presentation: a European Scleroderma Trials and Research group study

Objectives. Racial factors play a significant role in SSc. We evaluated differences in SSc presentations between white patients (WP), Asian patients (AP) and black patients (BP) and analysed the effects of geographical locations.Methods. SSc characteristics of patients from the EUSTAR cohort were cross-sectionally compared across racial groups using survival and multiple logistic regression analyses.Results. The study included 9162 WP, 341 AP and 181 BP. AP developed the first non-RP feature faster than WP but slower than BP. AP were less frequently anti-centromere (ACA; odds ratio (OR) = 0.4, P < 0.001) and more frequently anti-topoisomerase-I autoantibodies (ATA) positive (OR = 1.2, P = 0.068), while BP were less likely to be ACA and ATA positive than were WP [OR(ACA) = 0.3, P < 0.001; OR(ATA) = 0.5, P = 0.020]. AP had less often (OR = 0.7, P = 0.06) and BP more often (OR = 2.7, P < 0.001) diffuse skin involvement than had WP.AP and BP were more likely to have pulmonary hypertension [OR(AP) = 2.6, P < 0.001; OR(BP) = 2.7, P = 0.03 vs WP] and a reduced forced vital capacity [OR(AP) = 2.5, P < 0.001; OR(BP) = 2.4, P < 0.004] than were WP. AP more often had an impaired diffusing capacity of the lung than had BP and WP [OR(AP vs BP) = 1.9, P = 0.038; OR(AP vs WP) = 2.4, P < 0.001]. After RP onset, AP and BP had a higher hazard to die than had WP [hazard ratio (HR) (AP) = 1.6, P = 0.011; HR(BP) = 2.1, P < 0.001].Conclusion. Compared with WP, and mostly independent of geographical location, AP have a faster and earlier disease onset with high prevalences of ATA, pulmonary hypertension and forced vital capacity impairment and higher mortality. BP had the fastest disease onset, a high prevalence of diffuse skin involvement and nominally the highest mortality

Pleiotropy among common genetic loci identified for cardiometabolic disorders and C-reactive protein.

Pleiotropic genetic variants have independent effects on different phenotypes. C-reactive protein (CRP) is associated with several cardiometabolic phenotypes. Shared genetic backgrounds may partially underlie these associations. We conducted a genome-wide analysis to identify the shared genetic background of inflammation and cardiometabolic phenotypes using published genome-wide association studies (GWAS). We also evaluated whether the pleiotropic effects of such loci were biological or mediated in nature. First, we examined whether 283 common variants identified for 10 cardiometabolic phenotypes in GWAS are associated with CRP level. Second, we tested whether 18 variants identified for serum CRP are associated with 10 cardiometabolic phenotypes. We used a Bonferroni corrected p-value of 1.1×10-04 (0.05/463) as a threshold of significance. We evaluated the independent pleiotropic effect on both phenotypes using individual level data from the Women Genome Health Study. Evaluating the genetic overlap between inflammation and cardiometabolic phenotypes, we found 13 pleiotropic regions. Additional analyses showed that 6 regions (APOC1, HNF1A, IL6R, PPP1R3B, HNF4A and IL1F10) appeared to have a pleiotropic effect on CRP independent of the effects on the cardiometabolic phenotypes. These included loci where individuals carrying the risk allele for CRP encounter higher lipid levels and risk of type 2 diabetes. In addition, 5 regions (GCKR, PABPC4, BCL7B, FTO and TMEM18) had an effect on CRP largely mediated through the cardiometabolic phenotypes. In conclusion, our results show genetic pleiotropy among inflammation and cardiometabolic phenotypes. In addition to reverse causation, our data suggests that pleiotropic genetic variants partially underlie the association between CRP and cardiometabolic phenotypes

Modélisation et caractérisation de la pile PEM pour l'étude des interactions avec les convertisseurs statiques

Face aux enjeux énergétiques et environnementaux, l'hydrogène suscite beaucoup d'espoir. Dans divers domaines de la physique, de très nombreux travaux ont ainsi été entrepris sur la pile à combustible, maillon essentiel de la chaîne d'exploitation de l'hydrogène. En électronique de puissance, beaucoup d'études ont été menées sur la mise en œuvre d'une production décentralisée ou sur des convertisseurs statiques dédiés. Cependant, très peu de travaux ont porté sur les interactions entre les piles à combustible et les convertisseurs. L'objectif de cette thèse est d'établir le cahier des charges pour l'électronicien de puissance imposé par une pile à combustible en mettant en évidence ces interactions. Des modèles électriques ont été développés, caractérisant les différents phénomènes physico-chimiques interférant avec le fonctionnement des convertisseurs statiques. Des méthodes originales sont proposées pour identifier les paramètres de ces modèles à partir d'études expérimentales.The climatic and energy challenges were now clearly stated. The use of hydrogen is one of the hopeful ways . Fuel cells are an essential link in the chain of the use of hydrogen. Thus, a lot of studies have been undertaken throughout the world on fuel cells in many fields of physics. Concerning the field of power electronics, a great number of power converters designed to be connected with fuel cells have been studied. However, very few studies have been undertaken on the interactions between fuel cells and power converters. In this framework, circuit models of a PEM fuel cell stack were developed. These models describe the different physical phenomena interfering with the power converter operation. Specific methods are also proposed in order to extract the model parameters from experimental results. Interactions between fuel cells and power converters were studied experimentally and by simulation. Requirements for the power electronic engineer can follow from this work.TOULOUSE-ENSEEIHT (315552331) / SudocSudocFranceF

La dématérialisation de la prise en charge du patient, source d’écueils

International audienc

L’accès dématérialisé aux tests génétiques : l’illusoire autonomie du patient

International audienc