Family aggregation of mental disorders in the nationwide Danish three generation study

Objective: The study of familial aggregation of major mental disorders in a national population. Method: Within a Danish register-based cohort study, aggregation of mental disorders was analysed in all case-probands with first psychiatric contact before the age of 19years in the time period between 1 April 1969 and 29 June 2004 followed up until the age of 35years, their first-degree relatives, and a matched group of control-probands including their first-degree relatives. Results: Hazard rate ratios were significantly elevated for cases as compared to controls for all diagnoses among probands, parents, and siblings. Among children of the probands, these ratios were significantly elevated for neurotic (anxiety) disorders, mental retardation, developmental disorders, behavioural and emotional disorders of childhood and adolescence, and miscellaneous disorders. Family aggregation of any diagnosis was significantly higher in probands with substance use disorder, schizophrenia, affective disorders, neurotic (anxiety) disorders, and miscellaneous disorders. There was specificity of familial transmission for affective and neurotic (anxiety) disorders. Conclusion: This large nationwide study found some differential patterns of familial aggregation of major mental disorder

Kompetencebehov blandt naturfagslærere i grundskolen

I foråret 2018 offentliggjorde VLAK-regeringen en ny national naturvidenskabsstrategi der blandt andet indeholder et ønske om fagligt og didaktisk endnu dygtigere lærere i naturfagene. Indeværende artikel gengiver centrale resultater fra den kortlægning af videns- og kompetencebehov blandt naturfagslærerne i grundskolen som Rambøll Management Consulting har gennemført i samarbejde med Københavns Professionshøjskole for Undervisningsministeriet. Baseret på et miks af kvantitative og kvalitative data centreret omkring naturfagslærernes eget perspektiv fremhæves det at der generelt er et behov for og efterspørgsel på fagdidaktisk kompetenceudvikling, ligesom undersøgelsen indikerer at der blandt lærere i natur/teknologi eksisterer et relativt stort behov for målrettet fagfaglig opkvalificering

Arctic kelp forests:Diversity, resilience and future

Embargo until 12 September 2020The Arctic is one of the most rapidly changing places on Earth and it is a sentinel region for understanding the range and magnitude of planetary changes, and their impacts on ecosystems. However, our understanding of arctic coastal ecosystems remains limited, and the impacts of ongoing and future climate change on them are largely unexplored. Kelp forests are the dominant habitat along many rocky Arctic coastlines, providing structure and food for economically and ecologically important species. Here we synthesize existing information on the distribution and diversity of arctic kelp forests and assess how ongoing changes in environmental conditions could impact the extent, productivity, and resilience of these important ecosystems. We identify regions where the range and growth of arctic kelp are likely to undergo rapid short-term increase due to reduced sea ice cover, increased light, and warming. However, we also describe areas where kelps could be negatively impacted by rising freshwater input and coastal erosion due to receding sea ice and melting permafrost. In some regions, arctic kelp forests have undergone sudden regime shifts due to altered ecological interactions or changing environmental conditions. Key knowledge gaps for arctic kelp forests include measures of extent and diversity of kelp communities (especially northern Canada and northeastern Russia), the faunal communities supported by many of these habitats, and the role of arctic kelp forests in structuring nearby pelagic and benthic food webs. Filling in these gaps and strategically prioritizing research in areas of rapid environmental change will enable more effective management of these important habitats, and better predictions of future changes in the coastal ecosystems they support and the services that they provide.acceptedVersio

Interrater, Test-retest Reliability of the Y Balance Test. A Reliability Study including 51 Healthy Participants

International Journal of Exercise Science 16(4): 182-192, 2023. The aim was to determine the relative and absolute interrater, test-retest reliability of the Y-Balance Test (YBT) in a sample of healthy and active adults aged 18 to 50 years. The sample consisted of 51 healthy and active participants, 30 men and 21 women with a mean age of 28 ± 7 years. The YBT was performed on the right leg in the three test directions. Test and retest of the YBT were performed with a median interval of 15 days. The method for data collection was in line with the Y Balance Test Lower Quarter Protocol (YBT-LQ). The test was conducted by raters previously inexperienced in the use of the YBT. The relative reliability was reported as Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC(2,1)). The absolute reliability was reported as Standard Error of Measurement (SEM) and Minimal Detectable Change (MDC). The ICC ranged from 0.79-0.86. SEM ranged from 2%-4%, indicating the measurement error at group level and MDC ranged from 5%-11%, indicating the measurement error at individual level. The YBT showed good relative and absolute reliability. The YBT is therefore considered suitable at both group and individual level in physically active populations