Шляхи підвищення ефективності використання виробничих ресурсів сільськогосподарських підприємств

Single-phase polycrystalline samples and single crystals of the complex boride phases Ti8Fe3Ru18B8 and Ti7Fe4Ru18B8 have been synthesized by arc melting the elements. The phases were characterized by powder and single-crystal X-ray diffraction as well as energy-dispersive X-ray analysis. They are new substitutional variants of the Zn11Rh18B8 structure type, space group P4/mbm (no. 127). The particularity of their crystal structure lies in the simultaneous presence of dumbbells which form ladders of magnetically active iron atoms along the [001] direction and two additional mixed iron/titanium chains occupying Wyckoff sites 4h and 2b. The ladder substructure is ca. 3.0 Å from the two chains at the 4h, which creates the sequence chain–ladder–chain, establishing a new structural and magnetic motif, the scaffold. The other chain (at 2b) is separated by at least 6.5 Å from this scaffold. According to magnetization measurements, Ti8Fe3Ru18B8 and Ti7Fe4Ru18B8 order ferrimagnetically below 210 and 220 K, respectively, with the latter having much higher magnetic moments than the former. However, the magnetic moment observed for Ti8Fe3Ru18B8 is unexpectedly smaller than the recently reported Ti9Fe2Ru18B8 ferromagnet. The variation of the magnetic moments observed in these new phases can be adequately understood by assuming a ferrimagnetic ordering involving the three different iron sites. Furthermore, the recorded hysteresis loops indicate a semihard magnetic behavior for the two phases. The highest Hc value (28.6 kA/m), measured for Ti7Fe4Ru18B8, lies just at the border of those of hard magnetic materials

Исследование оптических свойств реконденсатов CCl4, полученных методом криоматричной изоляции

Объектом исследования являются тетрахлорметаан (четырёххлористый углерод) CCl4, которые были получены методом газофазной конденсации с матричным газом в различных концентрационных соотношениях с азотом и аргоном. Целью работы является изучение процессов формирования и эволюции свойств тонких пленок реконденсатов молекул фреона CCl4, образующихся в результате структурно-фазовых превращений и релаксационных процессов в твердых растворах исследуемых веществ при низких и сверхнизких температурах. Для достижения, были поставлены такие задачи: определить взаимосвязь между условиями криоосаждения и свойствами образующейся криоконденсированной пленки, а также изучить особенности криоконденсации тетрахлорометана и определить температуру стеклования образованных при низких температурах криопленок.The object of the study is carbon tetrachloride, which were obtained by gas-phase condensation with matrix gas in various concentration ratios with nitrogen and argon. The aim of the work is to study the processes of formation and evolution of the properties of thin films of recondensates of CCl4 freon molecules formed as a result of structural-phase transformations and relaxation processes in solid solutions of the studied substances at low and ultra-low temperatures. To achieve this, the following tasks were set: to determine the relationship between the conditions of cryopreservation and the properties of the resulting cryocondensated film, as well as to study the features of cryocondensation of tetrachloromethane and to determine the glass transition temperature of cryofilms formed

In search for direct corporate responsibility for human rights violations in Africa: which way forward?

"This study centres on the presumption that, given the unprecedented economic power of corporations, it is vital to clarify the legal issues surrounding the responsibility of corporations for human rights violations and to look at avenues for asserting responsibility. Consequently, this study focuses on the responsibility concept for corporate human rights violations and the objective of this study is to explore, examine and assess various avenues for asserting responsibility for corporate human rights violations. The study recommends other avenues for asserting responsibility for corporate human rights violations in Africa. The study therefore raises four issues. The first phase seeks to focus on how globalisation has triggered the proliferation of corporations in national economies in Africa and the impact on human rights issues taking into cognisance the responsibility concept vis a vis corporations. The second part seeks to examine state responsibility for the acts of corporations. This discussion will focus on the International Rules on State Responsibility and obligations of states under international human rights law with reference to certain human rights instruments that confer a duty on states to respect and to ensure to all citizens within their territories and subject to their jurisdiction the rights recongnised in these instruments. This discussion basically seeks to review the dominant approach to human rights treaties and the relevant instruments to assess the available avenues in asserting responsibility on the state for corporate human rights violations. This study will assess home and host state responsibility and argue that the host state cannot certainly be regarded as the main bearer of responisiblity for violations of human rights due to the powerful characteristics of corporatoins. The jurisprudence of the African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights will also be taken into consideration in examining the legal responsibility of states under international human rights law for corporate human rights violations. Part three of this study will addres the question of asserting direct responsibility on transnational corporations for human rights violations. While some remarks will be made on non-legal responsibilities or soft law, my interest will however be to examine and assess the suitability of human right principles and instruments that confer direct responsibility on corporations for human rights violations. The discussion will also take cognisance of some treaties that confer direct criminal responsibility on corporations for human rights violations. The fourth and concluding part will attempt to look at the need for internaitonal legally binding regulations of corporations. This discussion will attempt to focus on the application and implications of international legally binding regulation in Africa as a means of reforming and strengthening direct corporate criminal responsibility for human rights violations. Recommendations geared towards the legal reform of asserting direct responsiblity on transnational corporations in Africa will then be made." -- Introduction.Thesis (LLM (Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa)) -- University of Pretoria, 2004.Prepared under the supervision of Prof. Kingsley K. K. Ampofo, Faculty of Law, University of Ghanahttp://www.chr.up.ac.za/academic_pro/llm1/llm1.htmlCentre for Human RightsLL