Egy molekuláris Növénykórtani Vizsgálatok Céljára Javasolható Növény−Gomba Kölcsönhatás

Növénybiológiai kutatásaink egyik alapvetô modellszervezete a Nicotiana benthamiana. A faj molekuláris növénykórtani célokra történô felhasználását tovább erôsítené egy olyan növénypatogén gomba alkalmazása, mely a növényen specifi kus tüneteket okoz és laboratóriumi körülmények között könnyen és megbízhatóan használható. Munkánkban bemutatjuk, hogy a Cercospora nicotianae hemibiotróf dohánykórokozó gomba hatékonyan fertôzi a N. benthamiana egyedeit. A laboratóriumi vizsgálatok céljára eddig nem elterjedt N. benthamiana−C. nicotianae gazda−parazita kapcsolat a molekuláris növénykórtani és kórélettani kutatások kézenfekvô modellrendszere lehet

Modeling and Calculation of the Global Solar Irradiance on Slopes

The first step with regard to a simple model of a Photovoltaic Power Plant is developed in this paper based on astronomical and engineering principles. A solar irradiance model is presented in this paper that can be used to forecast the solar energy a surface on Earth is exposed to. The obtained model is verified against engineering expectations. The developed model can serve as a basis for forecasting the power of solar energy

A rácselmélet részecskefizikai alkalmazásai = Particle physics applications at lattice field theory

Rácstérelméleti módszerekkel vizsgáltuk a kvantumszíndinamikát véges és zérus hőmérsékleten és kémiai potenciálon. Terjedelmi okokból a legfontosabb eredményeket tekintjük csak át az összefoglalóban. Nulla kémiai potenciál mellett meghatároztuk a hadronikus anyag és a kvark-gluon plazma közti átmenet rendjét, valamint az átmeneti homérsékletet a kontinuum limeszben. Ezen eredmények a rácstérelmélet végleges eredményeinek tekinthetők. Összehasonlítottuk a Wilson és staggered fermionokat 3 íz használatával. Nem-nulla kémiai potenciálnál meghatároztuk a kvark-antikvark potenciált valamint a fázisdiagramot nagy kémiai potenciálokra az állapotsűrűség módszer segítségével. A pion szektort megvizsgáltuk kanonikus sokaság segítségével. Meghatároztuk a mu-T fázisdiagramot kis kémiai potenciálokra 4 különböző rácsállandónál. Rácsszámolásokkal megvizsgáltuk a pentakvarkok létezését és nem találtunk erre utaló jelet. Kiszámoltuk a hadron spektrumot Wilson fermionokkal a kontinuum limeszben. Meghatároztuk a pion és kaon leptonikus bomlási állandóinak arányát. Implementáltuk a QCD kódjainkat grafikus kártyákra. Overlap fermionokat használó korábbi dinamikus algoritmusunkat továbbfejlesztettük. | We have studied quantum chromodynamics at finite and zero temperature and chemical potential using lattice field theory methods. Due to space limitations we present here only the most important results. We have determined at zero chemical potential the order of the transition from hadronic matter to the quark-gluon plasma as well as the transition temperature, both in the continuum limit. These results should be considered as final results of lattice field theory. We have compared Wilson and staggered fermions for 3 flavours. We have determined the quark-antiquark potential as well as the phase diagram for large non-zero chemical potentials using the density of states method. We have considered the pion sector using canonical ensembles. We have determined the mu-T phase diagram for small chemical potentials at 4 different lattice spacings. Using lattice simulations we have considered the problem of existence of pentaquarks and found no evidence for them. We have calculated the hadronic spectrum in the continuum limit using Wilson fermions. We have determined the ratio of the pion and kaon leptonic decay constants. We have implemented our QCD computer codes for the graphical processor cards (GPU). Our dynamical algorithms using overlap fermions have also been extended

Characterization of in-depth cavity distribution after thermal annealing of helium-implanted silicon and gallium nitride

Single-crystalline silicon wafers covered with sacrificial oxide layer and epitaxially grown gallium nitride layers were implanted with high-fluence helium ions (2-6 × 1016 cm- 2) at energies of 20-30 keV. Thermal annealings at 650-1000 °C, 1 h were performed on the Si samples and rapid thermal annealings at 600-1000 °C, 120 s under N2 were performed on the GaN samples. The as-implanted samples and the near-surface cavity distributions of the annealed samples were investigated with variable angle spectroscopic ellipsometry. In-depth defect profiles and cavity profiles can be best described with multiple independent effective medium sublayers of varying ratio of single-crystal/void. The number of sublayers was chosen to maximize the fit quality without a high parameter cross-correlation. The dependence of the implantation fluence, oxide layer thickness and annealing temperature on the cavity distribution was separately investigated. The ellipsometric fitted distributions were compared and cross-checked with analyses of transmission electron micrographs where the average surface cavity was determined sublayer by sublayer. The in-depth profiles were also compared with simulations of He and vacancy distributions

On the rational design of mesoporous silica humidity sensors

Mesoporous silica is commonly used as matrix for humidity sensors, which operate on the principle of relative humidity-dependent water uptake and read-out by resistive or capacitive means. Although numerous studies have been dedicated to improving the sensing performance, in particular with conductive additives, the effect of pore structure on sensing behaviour has not been systematically investigated so far. Herein, we showcase the effects of pore size and porosity on resistive sensing behaviour in the 0.5-85% relative humidity (RH) range. We employed evaporation-induced self-assembly (EISA) in combination with sol-gel chemistry to fabricate well-defined mesoporous silica thin films with high degree of structural control. Material architectures with pore sizes of 3 to 15 nm and porosities of 40 to 70% were rationally designed by using structure directing agents (SDAs) with increasing molecular weight and tuning the silica to SDA ratio. We found that a combination of pore size of 15 nm and 70% porosity showcases a particularly high sensitivity (~104 times change in resistance) in the measured range, with quick response and recovery times of 3 and 9 seconds, respectively. Across the various sensors, we identified a clear correlation between the pore size and the linear RH sensing range. Sensors with larger mesopores (~15 nm) exhibited higher sensitivity and linear response in the 65 to 85% RH range than sensors with smaller pores (<8 nm). Additionally, increasing the porosity while retaining the pore size, yields better overall sensitivity across the range. Our findings may serve as guidelines for developing broad spectrum high-performance mesoporous sensors and for sensors specifically engineered for optimal operation in specific RH ranges

On the Rational Design of Mesoporous Silica Humidity Sensors

Mesoporous silica is commonly used as matrix for humidity sensors which operate on the principle of relative humidity (RH)-dependent water uptake and read-out by resistance (R) monitoring. Although numerous studies have been dedicated to improving sensitivity with conductive additives, the role of the pore architecture on the sensing behavior has not been systematically investigated so far. Herein, the effects of pore size and porosity on resistive sensing performance in the 0.5–85% RH range are showcased. Across various sensors, a clear correlation is identified between mesopore size and linear RH sensing range. Sensors with larger pores (≈15 nm) exhibit linear response in the 65 to 85% RH range with larger slope (ΔlogR/ΔRH) than sensors with smaller pores (<8 nm). Additionally, increasing porosity while retaining pore size, yields better overall sensor performance across the 15–85% RH range. In particular, a combination of pore size around 15 nm and porosity of 70% showcased a large resistance versus RH response (R0/R ≈ 10000) in the measured range, with quick response and recovery times of 3 and 9 seconds, respectively. These findings may serve as guidelines for developing broad spectrum high performance mesoporous sensors and for sensors specifically engineered to operate in specific RH ranges