Dundalk 1900-1960: an oral history

The period 1900-1960 witnessed changes in the economic, industrial, political, social, technological and everyday life of Ireland of unprecedented scale and accelerated pace. From the agriculturally-based economy of the 1900s the country was embracing industrialisation by I960.1 Dundalk was the leading provincial industrial town in Ireland over that period. This thesis sets out examines the effect successive British and Irish government economic and social policies had on the population of the town. It looks at population trends, industry, work, living conditions, class structure, education, housing, family, community and interdenominational relationships and the influence of the Roman Catholic clergy on their congregation. It also examines, at urban, county and national levels, the political and military upheavals from 1916 through to World War II, when the domination of Civil War politics began to wane. Advances in technology, from horse to bicycle to motor car, broadened the scope of social interaction. Radio, cinema and later television brought outside influences into a class conscious, inward-looldng, isolated society. As a consequence of partition in 1922 Dundalk became a ‘border town’ separated but never isolated from outside/British influences. So by the 1950s cultural norms were being challenged as exposure to ‘the social forms of advanoed capitalist consumer societies [were] raising Irish expectations and creating demand for a new economic order’.2 Neither of the above phenomenon were isolated and change in one area altered the relationship of each to the next. Thus, it can,be seen that the principal aim is to comprise a ‘total history’ or ‘micro history’ of Dundalk between 1900-1960. As the thesis is primarily concerned with people, oral history methodology has been employed to integrate the recollections of those who lived through the period with conventional written sources. A secondary function of the study is an evaluation of oral evidence as a historical source

Dundalk 1900-1960: an oral history

The period 1900-1960 witnessed changes in the economic, industrial, political, social, technological and everyday life of Ireland of unprecedented scale and accelerated pace. From the agriculturally-based economy of the 1900s the country was embracing industrialisation by I960.1 Dundalk was the leading provincial industrial town in Ireland over that period. This thesis sets out examines the effect successive British and Irish government economic and social policies had on the population of the town. It looks at population trends, industry, work, living conditions, class structure, education, housing, family, community and interdenominational relationships and the influence of the Roman Catholic clergy on their congregation. It also examines, at urban, county and national levels, the political and military upheavals from 1916 through to World War II, when the domination of Civil War politics began to wane. Advances in technology, from horse to bicycle to motor car, broadened the scope of social interaction. Radio, cinema and later television brought outside influences into a class conscious, inward-looldng, isolated society. As a consequence of partition in 1922 Dundalk became a ‘border town’ separated but never isolated from outside/British influences. So by the 1950s cultural norms were being challenged as exposure to ‘the social forms of advanoed capitalist consumer societies [were] raising Irish expectations and creating demand for a new economic order’.2 Neither of the above phenomenon were isolated and change in one area altered the relationship of each to the next. Thus, it can,be seen that the principal aim is to comprise a ‘total history’ or ‘micro history’ of Dundalk between 1900-1960. As the thesis is primarily concerned with people, oral history methodology has been employed to integrate the recollections of those who lived through the period with conventional written sources. A secondary function of the study is an evaluation of oral evidence as a historical source

Density and distribution of whitetailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) on the Energy Research and Development Administrationś Oak Ridge, Tennessee Reservation

This study was conducted on 6,340 ha (15,666 acres) in the western section of the Energy Research and Development Administration\u27s Oak Ridge, Tennessee Reservation. The objectives were to determine the density and distribution of whitetailed deer. Techniques for determining density included: (1) pellet group surveys, (2) night-lighting counts, (3) roadside counts, (4) radioactive feces tagging, and (5) mark-reobservation. Distribution was determined by using (1) five years of road-kill data, (2) night observa-tions, and (3) pellet group locations on transects. Concurrent studies testing the techniques of pellet group surveys and night-lighting counts along with a study of deterioration of pellet groups were conducted on the Chuck Swan Wildlife Management Area. An average of 6.57 pellet groups per hectare (2.66/acre) was recorded on the Reservation. The pellet group count was too low for a valid estimate of deer density. An average of 289 pellet groups per hectare (113/acre) was recorded on the Chuck Swan Wildlife Management Area resulting in a density estimate of one deer per 4.05 ha (10 acres). A mark-reobservation program was conducted from December 1974-September 1975 on Section A of the study area. Eighteen of 404 observations were of marked animals. Based upon the Schnabel method, a density estimate of one deer per 51 ha (125 acres) resulted. Night-lighting counts, with density estimates based upon the King method, were conducted on Section A of the study area from December 1974-September 1975. The average estimate was one deer per 114 ha (281 acres). Night-light counts conducted on the Chuck Swan Wildlife Management Area during July, August, and September 1975, yielded an average estimate of one deer per 7.83 ha (19.36 acres). This density estimate was 1.9 times lower than density estimates reported by the Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency and previously mentioned pellet group surveys. Seven deer were radioactively tagged with Zn-65 from December 1974-September 1975. Thirty-two pellet groups were collected from Section A of the Reservation, three of which were radioactively tagged. Using the Lincoln Index, the density estimate was one deer per 47 ha (115 acres). Density estimates based upon radioactively tagged feces (Lincoln Index) and mark-reobservation (Schnabel\u27s method) were believed to be more accurate than density estimates based upon night-light counts (King method). Sections of higher deer density observed on the study area were: (1) the 0800 Area, (2) Burial Ground Number Three, (3) Chestnut Ridge Gap on White Wing Road, (4) the old construction camp site southeast of K-25, (5) Bethel Valley from 7600 Area west to X-10, and (6) Bear Creek and White Wing Road intersection. Deterioration and/or disappearance of pellet groups marked in July 1975 on the Chuck Swan Wildlife Management Area was 5 percent during a one month period from July through August and 20 percent during a two month period from July thru September 1975. In comparison, 24 percent of the pellet groups marked in August were not found one month later in September 1975. Further study is necessary for a better understanding of pellet group deterioration and/or disappearance rates in the Southeast

Grief and the Treatment of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder

The effects of grief and grief-repression are described as being critical aspects of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder. Qualitative interview and extant program material are utilized to assess the role of grief in the PTSD syndrome, and a program that incorporates grief-related therapy is described. Implications of grief-related therapy for the treatment of PTSD are also discussed

Mycobacterial Infections and the Inflammatory Seesaw

Eicosanoids can have either proinflammatory effects or anti-inflammatory effects. Tobin and colleagues use a forward genetic screen in zebrafish to identify a key eicosanoid enzyme, leukotriene A4 hydrolase (LTA4H), that controls susceptibility to mycobacterial infection. They also demonstrate that polymorphisms in LTA4H are associated with susceptibility to mycobacteria in humans

Computable knowledge: An imperative for Learning Health Systems

Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/151989/1/lrh210203.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/151989/2/lrh210203_am.pd

The Knowledge Object Reference Ontology (KORO): A formalism to support management and sharing of computable biomedical knowledge for learning health systems

IntroductionHealth systems are challenged by care underutilization, overutilization, disparities, and related harms. One problem is a multiyear latency between discovery of new best practice knowledge and its widespread adoption. Decreasing this latency requires new capabilities to better manage and more rapidly share biomedical knowledge in computable forms. Knowledge objects package machineâ executable knowledge resources in a way that easily enables knowledge as a service. To help improve knowledge management and accelerate knowledge sharing, the Knowledge Object Reference Ontology (KORO) defines what knowledge objects are in a formal way.MethodsDevelopment of KORO began with identification of terms for classes of entities and for properties. Next, we established a taxonomical hierarchy of classes for knowledge objects and their parts. Development continued by relating these parts via formally defined properties. We evaluated the logical consistency of KORO and used it to answer several competency questions about parthood. We also applied it to guide knowledge object implementation.ResultsAs a realist ontology, KORO defines what knowledge objects are and provides details about the parts they have and the roles they play. KORO provides sufficient logic to answer several basic but important questions about knowledge objects competently. KORO directly supports creators of knowledge objects by providing a formal model for these objects.ConclusionKORO provides a formal, logically consistent ontology about knowledge objects and their parts. It exists to help make computable biomedical knowledge findable, accessible, interoperable, and reusable. KORO is currently being used to further develop and improve computable knowledge infrastructure for learning health systems.Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/143591/1/lrh210054_am.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/143591/2/lrh210054.pd

MTR and the EU Commission Proposal for the WTO: - An analysis of their effect on the EU and Irish agricultural sector

Further information may be found at http://www.tnet.teagasc.ie/fapri/pubandrep2003.htmIn the short history of the FAPRI-Ireland Partnership there has been no shortage of policy proposals to analyse. As part of the Agenda 2000 process the CAP is undergoing significant reform following the agreement made at the European Council in Berlin in 1999. This agreement had widespread implications for agriculture in Ireland, particularly for the beef sector. The changes that were agreed at that time have not even been fully implemented and there is already another reform document on the table, containing even more radical proposals for reform