Expression of Staphylokinase Gene S. aureus Strains Isolated from Breast Milk and Clinical Outcomes in Breastfed Infants

© 2016, Springer Science+Business Media New York.This study aimed to look for the presence of the immune evasion gene cluster in the strains of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from breast milk of women and to estimate their possible role in development of infant’s staphylococcal infections. Strains of S. aureus are isolated by bacteriological examination of breast milk in a hospital (24 strains) and an ambulatory (11 strains) basis. Breastfed infants had staphylococcal infections (42.9 %), intestinal infections (5.7 %), and respiratory infections (20 %), and 11 (31.4 %) infants were intestinal carriers of S. aureus. PCR analysis of 35 strains S. aureus was carried out to detect genes of staphylokinase (sak), inhibitor of the system of complement (scn), inhibitor of chemotaxis of leukocytes (chp), and β-hemolysin (hlb). Sak gene was found in 20 (57 %) S. aureus isolates. Scn, chp, and hlb genes in S. aureus isolates were not detected. Infants received breast milk infected with sak positive S. aureus strains more frequently had S. aureus intestinal colonization than infants who received breast milk infected with sak negative S. aureus (OR 4.5 (1.02; 20.30)). Presence of sak gene in S. aureus strains from breast milk was not associated with development of staphylococcal infection in infant (OR 1.2 (0.3–4.7)). In conclusion, sak is an important factor in avoiding immune defense by S. aureus strains in infected breast milk. Expression of sak gene by S. aureus in infected breast milk may be an important factor for S. aureus intestinal colonization of infants, but not the development of staphylococcal infections in breastfed infants

Analyses to support development of risk-informed separation distances for hydrogen codes and standards.

The development of a set of safety codes and standards for hydrogen facilities is necessary to ensure they are designed and operated safely. To help ensure that a hydrogen facility meets an acceptable level of risk, code and standard development organizations are tilizing risk-informed concepts in developing hydrogen codes and standards

Detection of enterotoxigenic strains <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, producing SEC and SEI, isolated in patients with pneumonia, sepsis and burns

Aim. To identify the frequency of occurrence of staphylococcal enterotoxins of the SEC and SEI type produced by Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from patients with different nosology. As you know, the infection process in them proceeds with severe intoxication without vomiting and intestinal disorders.Materials and methods. 79 strains were studied (43 were isolated in case of pneumonia, 13 - in burns, 11 - in sepsis) S. aureus in the presence of SES and SEI using enzymelinked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Results. It was found that 48.3% of S. aureus strains isolated from patients with pneumonia produced SEC and 72.1% - SEI. The frequency of occurrence of S. aureus strains producing SEC and SEI isolated in patients with burn infections was 23.0 and 15.4%, respectively. 36.4% of staphylococcal strains isolated in patients with sepsis produced SEC, 45.5% - SEI.Discussion. It was found that the proportion of S. aureus cultures producing SEC enterotoxins during sepsis is significantly higher than the strains producing SEB (5.4%) and much smaller than SEA (75.6%). A high percentage of SEI-positive strains was found compared to strains that produce the classic enterotoxins SEA, SEB and SEC isolated from pneumonia. In burn infections, the proportions of strains producing SEC and SEI were 15.4 and 23.0%, respectively, which is significantly lower than SEA (92.9%).Conclusion. The data obtained indicate the need to identify staphylococcus strains that produce both classic and newly discovered enterotoxins, which are crucial virulence factors leading to lethal sepsis, infectious endocarditis and toxic shock syndrome to eliminate them

MEANS FOR INHIBITION OF PRODUCTION OF STAPHYLOCOCCUS ENTEROTOXINS AND THEIR ELIMINATION FROM BIOLOGICAL SUBSTRATES

Aim. Expansion of arsenal of means capable of inhibiting production of staphylococci entero-toxins (SE) and having an ability to eliminate them from biological substrates, as well as reducing the growth of staphylococci. Materials and methods. Reference strain of Staphylococcus aureus FRI 722 was used as SE producer type A (SEA), S. aureus S6 715H - as SE type В producer (SEB). Polymethylsiloxane polyhydrate (PMSPH) was used at concentrations of 1.82, 9.09 and 18.2%. Results. By using gel double diffusion method and ELISA we have established that a 18.2% solution of PMSPH (enterosgel; PMSPH - 70 g, purified water - 30 g per 100 g of the product) is an optimal concentration for inhibition of production of staphylococcus enterotoxin type A by 100 and more times, and production of staphylococci enterotoxin type В - by more than 300 times. Conclusion. PMSPH is able to eliminate staphylococci enterotoxins type A and В from biological substrates for more than 50% and significantly reduce growth of staphylococci

Expression of Staphylokinase Gene S. aureus Strains Isolated from Breast Milk and Clinical Outcomes in Breastfed Infants

© 2016, Springer Science+Business Media New York.This study aimed to look for the presence of the immune evasion gene cluster in the strains of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from breast milk of women and to estimate their possible role in development of infant’s staphylococcal infections. Strains of S. aureus are isolated by bacteriological examination of breast milk in a hospital (24 strains) and an ambulatory (11 strains) basis. Breastfed infants had staphylococcal infections (42.9 %), intestinal infections (5.7 %), and respiratory infections (20 %), and 11 (31.4 %) infants were intestinal carriers of S. aureus. PCR analysis of 35 strains S. aureus was carried out to detect genes of staphylokinase (sak), inhibitor of the system of complement (scn), inhibitor of chemotaxis of leukocytes (chp), and β-hemolysin (hlb). Sak gene was found in 20 (57 %) S. aureus isolates. Scn, chp, and hlb genes in S. aureus isolates were not detected. Infants received breast milk infected with sak positive S. aureus strains more frequently had S. aureus intestinal colonization than infants who received breast milk infected with sak negative S. aureus (OR 4.5 (1.02; 20.30)). Presence of sak gene in S. aureus strains from breast milk was not associated with development of staphylococcal infection in infant (OR 1.2 (0.3–4.7)). In conclusion, sak is an important factor in avoiding immune defense by S. aureus strains in infected breast milk. Expression of sak gene by S. aureus in infected breast milk may be an important factor for S. aureus intestinal colonization of infants, but not the development of staphylococcal infections in breastfed infants

Expression of Staphylokinase Gene S. aureus Strains Isolated from Breast Milk and Clinical Outcomes in Breastfed Infants

© 2016, Springer Science+Business Media New York.This study aimed to look for the presence of the immune evasion gene cluster in the strains of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from breast milk of women and to estimate their possible role in development of infant’s staphylococcal infections. Strains of S. aureus are isolated by bacteriological examination of breast milk in a hospital (24 strains) and an ambulatory (11 strains) basis. Breastfed infants had staphylococcal infections (42.9 %), intestinal infections (5.7 %), and respiratory infections (20 %), and 11 (31.4 %) infants were intestinal carriers of S. aureus. PCR analysis of 35 strains S. aureus was carried out to detect genes of staphylokinase (sak), inhibitor of the system of complement (scn), inhibitor of chemotaxis of leukocytes (chp), and β-hemolysin (hlb). Sak gene was found in 20 (57 %) S. aureus isolates. Scn, chp, and hlb genes in S. aureus isolates were not detected. Infants received breast milk infected with sak positive S. aureus strains more frequently had S. aureus intestinal colonization than infants who received breast milk infected with sak negative S. aureus (OR 4.5 (1.02; 20.30)). Presence of sak gene in S. aureus strains from breast milk was not associated with development of staphylococcal infection in infant (OR 1.2 (0.3–4.7)). In conclusion, sak is an important factor in avoiding immune defense by S. aureus strains in infected breast milk. Expression of sak gene by S. aureus in infected breast milk may be an important factor for S. aureus intestinal colonization of infants, but not the development of staphylococcal infections in breastfed infants