Value of green hydrogen when curtailed to provide grid balancing services

This paper evaluates the potential of grid services in France, Italy, Norway and Spain to provide an alternative income for electrolysers producing hydrogen from wind power. Grid services are simulated with each country's data for 2017 for energy prices, grid services and wind power profiles from relevant wind parks. A novel metric is presented, the value of curtailed hydrogen, which is independent from several highly uncertain parameters such as electrolyser cost or hydrogen market price. Results indicate that grid services can monetise the unused spare capacity of electrolyser plants, improving their economy in the critical deployment phase. For most countries, up-regulation yields a value of curtailed hydrogen above 6 €/kg, over 3 times higher than the EU's 2030 price target (without incentives). However, countries with large hydro power resources such as Norway yield far lower results, below 2 €/kg. The value of curtailed hydrogen also decreases with hydrogen production, corresponding to the cases of symmetric and down-regulation.This publication has received funding from the Fuel Cells and Hydrogen 2 Joint Undertaking (now Clean Hydrogen Partnership) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No. 779469. Any contents herein reflect solely the authors' view. The FCH 2JU and the European Commission are not responsible for any use that may be made of the information herein contained. TECNALIA is a “CERVERA Technology Centre of Excellence” recognised by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation. The authors wish to thanks Stefano Rossi of ARERA for his advices on the Italian energy market and regulation aspects

Automatic Frequency Regulation Through Hydrogen Production

Med økende mengde installert variabel effekt fra sol- og vindkraft blir frekvensstabiliteten i det elektriske nettet utfordret i fremtiden. For å øke fleksibiliteten i nettet kan energilagringsenheter bestående av elektrolysører brukes som variable laster. Økt mengde fleksibel last vil hjelpe til med å holde produksjon og forbuk av energi i likevekt og dermed stabilisere frekvensen. Denne oppgaven ser på det tekniske og økonomiske potensialet i et vind-hydrogen system med en elektrolysør på 2.5 MW som leverandør av frekvensreguleringstjenester i Norge, Tyskland og Spania. Simuleringer for en oppskalert elektrolysør på 45 MW er også inkludert. Resultatene i denne oppgaven viser at elektrolysører kvalifiserer seg til å kunne levere frekvensreguleringstjenester i Norge og Tyskland, mens det kun er generatorer som kan levere slike tjenester i det spanske nettet. Salg av primærreserver er økonomisk gunstig dersom salgsprisen for hydrogen er lavere enn 38.8 NOK/kg i Norge, og 3.3 EUR/kg i Tyskland. Oppregulerende sekundærtjenester er gunstig ved hydrogenpriser under 8.7 EUR/kg, mens nedregulerende sekundærtjenester er gunstig ved hydrogenpriser lavere enn 15.3 EUR/kg. Inntektene fra salg av frekvensreguleringskapasitet kan rettferdiggjøre en investering i større elektrolysørkapasitet, siden all ubrukt kapasitet kan brukes som frekvensregulering. Når etterspørselen etter hydrogen øker kan den ledige kapasiteten raskt utnyttes til hydrogenproduksjon. En slik strategi kan hjelpe til med raskere vekst av infrastruktur for hydrogen. Det er også mulig at salg av frekvensreguleringstjenester kan dekke noe av tapene når salgsprisen for hydrogen synker i fremtiden

Value of green hydrogen when curtailed to provide grid balancing services

International audienceThis paper evaluates the potential of grid services in France,Italy, Norway and Spain to provide an alternative income for<a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/engineering/electrolyser"title="Learn more about electrolysers from ScienceDirect's AI-generated Topic Pages"class="topic-link"&gtelectrolysers</a&gt <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/engineering/producing-hydrogen"title="Learn more about producing hydrogen from ScienceDirect's AI-generated Topic Pages"class="topic-link"&gtproducing hydrogen</a&gt from wind power. Gridservices are simulated with each country's data for 2017 for energyprices, grid services and wind power profiles from relevant windparks. A novel metric is presented, the value of curtailedhydrogen, which is independent from several highly uncertainparameters such as electrolyser cost or hydrogen market price.Results indicate that grid services can monetise the unused sparecapacity of electrolyser plants, improving their economy in thecritical deployment phase. For most countries, up-regulation yieldsa value of curtailed hydrogen above 6 €/kg, over 3 times higherthan the EU's 2030 price target (without incentives). However,countries with large <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/engineering/hydro-power"title="Learn more about hydro power from ScienceDirect's AI-generated Topic Pages"class="topic-link"&gthydro power</a&gt resources such as Norway yieldfar lower results, below 2 €/kg. The value of curtailed hydrogenalso decreases with <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/engineering/hydrogen-production"title="Learn more about hydrogen production from ScienceDirect's AI-generated Topic Pages"class="topic-link"&gthydrogen production</a&gt, corresponding to thecases of symmetric and down-regulation