Histological research of the muscular stomach in Struthio Camelus

For the histological study were used muscle stomach samples from 5 ostriches, age between 6 months and 3 years. Samples were prefixed in special containers in neutral formalin sol. 10%, after that were adjusted and refitted in the same type of fixator for 24 to 48 hours. The samples were included in paraffin cubes with Kunz instruments machine, then were cut to 3-5 μm at the microtome. The histological sections were displayed on skimmed slides and kept properly until various staining methods were applied. Ostrich muscular stomach is relatively small, compared to waist, oval, pressed from sides, the most developed component being the muscular tunic. After the exterior appearance, it resembles with hen muscular stomach. (Figure 1). The cuticle that tapes the ostrich muscular stomach mucous is thicker and denser than in notglandular area of the glandular stomach. The cuticle is gathered in large loops and in its structure it is noted inclusion of the protean matrix and the presence of desquamated cells from the surface epithelium as cellular debris and nucleus fragments. The stomach mucosa is taped with a simple columnar epithelium, in lamina propria structure, observing the simple, parallel, tubular, ventricular glands of different sizes, depending on the area examined. On top of it, the glands are slightly lengthened and begin to lose their rectilinear appearance. Muscularis mucosae, unlike hen, for example, is present, but on certain portions it can no longer be observed, being united with the muscles layers. The lymphoid tissue from mucosa is also absent. The muscular layer is best represented, composed of smooth muscle fibers with the three layers: longitudinal outer, circular middle, with the largest consistency of the inner skew layer. Connective fibers are also found at this level. In most regions, there is no exact delimitation of the muscle layers. The aponevrotic layer includes parallel collagen fibers arranged in bundles, including elongated and flattened fibroblasts. The serosa belongs to the visceral peritoneum and is composed of typical connective tissue and mesothelium

Contributions to the study on different parameters of the carpathian lynx (Lynx lynx ssp. carpathicus) skulls from Romania

This species is not included on the I.U.C.N. Red List, but in Romania, due to the relative high number of individuals, it is considered to be a protected species by governmental acts. During certain periods, in exchange of a tax, hunting is accepted for a limited number of individuals. Five skulls of Eurasian lynx, owned by the Department of Anatomy Museum of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, were morphometrically examined. The dimensions of the five skulls were compared with the literature in order to fit into the subspecies called Carpathian lynx (Lynx lynx ssp. carpathicus). Cranial measurements were performed using electronic digital calipers reading a tenth of a millimeter. Cranial measurements were compared with those made by Angela von den Driesch (1976). Generally, it was observed that the results regarding the dimensions of the skulls can be compared with the results obtained by G.E. Predoiu (2011). But there are four parameters, maximum width of the skull between the orbits, the width of the canine teeth socket, maximum length of skull and length of the mandible, larger than the subspecies described by G.E. Predoiu. These dimensional differences can be explained by the fact that some of the 5 skulls from the Anatomy Department belonged to an outstanding specimen. The C.I.C. score (the value of trophy hunting that can be awarded) for 4 of the 5 studied cases show that the skulls belonged to an outstanding specimen with Gold Medal

ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY INVESTIGATION OF SOME THIOSEMICARBAZIDES AND THEIR CYCLIZATION PRODUCTS

Abstract The aim of the present study was the investigation of the potential antimicrobial activity of some thiosemicarbazides (C1 and C2) and their cyclization products from 1,2,4-triazole (C3 and C4) and 1,3,4-thiadiazole (C5 and C6) class. All these compounds contain in their molecule X-C 6 H 4 SO 2 C 6 H 4 -(X=H, Br) and 2-F-C 6 H 4 -radicals and their synthesis was recently reported. The compounds C1-C6 have been tested against 10 reference microbial strains and 30 clinical fungal isolates using the broth microdilution method, in order to determine their minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and minimum bactericidal/fungicidal concentrations (MBC/MFC), respectively. The MIC values ranged between: 32-256 µg/mL for thiosemicarbazide C1 and triazole C3, 128->512 µg/mL for thiosemicarbazide C2 and triazole C4, and 256->512 µg/mL for thiadiazoles C5 and C6. In all cases, the MBC/MIC or MFC/MIC ratio was less or equal to 4. As thiosemicarbazide C1 and triazole C3 presented the best antibacterial and antifungal activity from all studied compounds, it was considered that further investigations for these two compounds must be performed against more microbial strains. Rezumat Scopul studiului de faţă l-a reprezentat investigarea prezumtivă a activităţii antimicrobiene a unor tiosemicarbazide (C1 şi C2) şi a produşilor de ciclizare ai acestora din clasa 1,2,4-triazolilor (C3 şi C4) şi a 1,3,4-tiadiazolilor (C5 şi C6). Toţi aceşti compuşi conţin în molecula lor fragmentele X-C 6 H 4 SO 2 C 6 H 4 -(X=H, Br) şi 2-F-C 6 H 4 -, sinteza acestora fiind raportată recent. Compuşii C1-C6 au fost testaţi faţă de 10 tulpini microbiene de referinţă şi 30 de tulpini fungice recent izolate, prin metoda microdiluţiilor în bulion, urmărindu-se determinarea concentraţiilor minime inhibitorii (CMI) şi a concentraţiilor minime bactericide (CMB) sau respectiv, fungicide (CMF) ale acestora. Valorile CMI au variat între: 32-256 µg/mL pentru tiosemicarbazida C1 şi triazolul C3, 128->512 µg/mL atât pentru tiosemicarbazida C2, cât şi pentru triazolul C4, şi 256->512 µg/mL pentru FARMACIA, 2013, Vol. 61, 1 194 tiadiazolii C5 şi C6. În toate cazurile, valoarea raportului CMB/CMI sau CMF/CMI a fost mai mică sau egală cu 4. Deoarece dintre toţi compuşii studiaţi, tiosemicarbazida C1 şi triazolul C3 au prezentat cea mai bună activitate antibacteriană şi antifungică, s-a considerat ca testările ulterioare pentru aceşti doi compuşi să fie efectuate pe un număr sporit de tulpini microbiene

Species composition and relative abundance of the genus Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) in Romania

Background: Culicoidesbiting midges are vectors involved in the biological transmission cycle of important animal diseases such as bluetongue and African horse sickness. In Romania, the first outbreaks of bluetongue were reported in 2014, leading to increased activities within the existing entomological surveillance network. The main goals of the surveillance activities were the establishment of the vector free period in relation to animal trade and the identification ofCulicoidesspecies involved in the transmission of the pathogen. This study was conducted on the composition and relative abundance of the species belonging to the genusCulicoides(Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) in certain regions of Romania and provided the opportunity to update the existing checklist ofCulicoidesspecies of this country.Methods: The study was conducted in 33 of the 42 administrative units (counties), including a total of 659 catches, in 102 locations. The collections were carried out with UV blacklight suction traps (OVI type). The collected insects were preserved in 70% ethanol. Morphological insect identification was carried out using a stereomicroscope, according to established identification keys. In ten localities the relative abundance of the cryptic species of the Obsoletus complex was determined by multiplex PCR assay based on the ITS2 segment. The identification of theCulicoides chiopterus(Meigen) species by morphological examination was confirmed by PCR assay based on the ITS1 segment.Results: Eleven species were identified using morphological and PCR tools. The rest of the individuals were separated into five taxa. The species of the Obsoletus complex (grouping Culicoides obsoletus(Meigen) and Culicoides scoticus Downes & Kettle) were the most abundant, accounting for 59% of the total number of captured Culicoidesspp. Three of the identified species are mentioned, according to our knowledge, for the first time in Romania:Culicoides newsteadi Austen,Culicoides flavipulicaris Dzhafarov and Culicoides bysta Sarvasova, Kocisova, Candolfi & Mathieu.Conclusions: Our study demonstrates that theCulicoidesspecies most commonly cited as being involved in the transmission of arboviruses in Europe (i.e. bluetongue and Schmallenberg viruses) make up a high proportion of adult Culicoides trapped in Romania

Morphometric analysis of jaguar (panthera onca) and tiger (panthera tigris) skulls - species on the "red list" of the international union for conservation of nature (IUCN)

In Romania, the two species covered by this study - the jaguar (Pantheraonca) and the tiger (Pantheratigris) are species found only in zoos or circuses. Romania, as an European Union border state, may be transited or used by collectors or by smugglers of exotic species, especially since the two species are subject to an extremely strict control. The tiger (Pantheratigris) according to the IUCN Red List is an endangered species and the jaguar (Pantheraonca) is nearly endangered. These species have a common ancestor - Proailuruslemanensis - but have evolved in different environments, Indian jungles and the Siberian taiga (the tiger), all North and South American habitats (the jaguar). In order to perform the morphometric analysis there were used skulls of three adults tigers (Pantheratigris) and from a jaguar male (Pantheraonca), skulls found under administration of the discipline’s museum. Description, identification and homologation were made according to N.A.V .2005. Following the studies and measurements carried out, it appears that there is a little difference in size of the skulls of the two species, especially as the jaguar, unlike the tiger, is climbing, and the whole body must be lighter and smaller. The described and used graphics and reference points allow performing complex measurements, both on anatomically prepared skulls and on radiological images. It is observed that the jaguar’s skull is slightly smaller than the tiger’s one. The measurements that make the differences between the two skulls are those of the jaw. There are also differences on the dorsal and ventral facets of the skull as on the lateral side. There were identified eight reference points on which it can be determined to which species the skull being analyzed belongs

Genotyping of African Swine Fever Virus (ASFV) Isolates in Romania with the First Report of Genotype II in Symptomatic Pigs

The World Organisation for Animal Health has listed African swine fever as the most important deadly disease in domestic swine around the world. The virus was recently brought from South-East Africa to Georgia in 2007, and it has since expanded to Russia, Eastern Europe, China, and Southeast Asia, having a devastating impact on the global swine industry and economy. In this study, we report for the first time the molecular characterization of nine African swine fever virus (ASFV) isolates obtained from domestic pigs in Mureş County, Romania. All nine Romanian samples clustered within p72 genotype II and showed 100% identity with all compared isolates from Georgia, Armenia, Russia, Azerbaijan, Ukraine, Belarus, Lithuania, and Poland. This is the first report of ASFV genotype II in the country

Iron Oxide–Silica Core–Shell Nanoparticles Functionalized with Essential Oils for Antimicrobial Therapies

Recent years have witnessed a tremendous interest in the use of essential oils in biomedical applications due to their intrinsic antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anticancer properties. However, their low aqueous solubility and high volatility compromise their maximum potential, thus requiring the development of efficient supports for their delivery. Hence, this manuscript focuses on developing nanostructured systems based on Fe3O4@SiO2 core–shell nanoparticles and three different types of essential oils, i.e., thyme, rosemary, and basil, to overcome these limitations. Specifically, this work represents a comparative study between co-precipitation and microwave-assisted hydrothermal methods for the synthesis of Fe3O4@SiO2 core–shell nanoparticles. All magnetic samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), dynamic light scattering (DLS), zeta potential, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), thermogravimetry and differential scanning calorimetry (TG-DSC), and vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM) to study the impact of the synthesis method on the nanoparticle formation and properties, in terms of crystallinity, purity, size, morphology, stability, and magnetization. Moreover, the antimicrobial properties of the synthesized nanocomposites were assessed through in vitro tests on Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans. In this manner, this study demonstrated the efficiency of the core–shell nanostructured systems as potential applications in antimicrobial therapies