Brúquidos (Insecta: Coleoptera) asociados a semillas de fabáceas en el Norte de Sinaloa, México

Las fabáceas representan una importante fuente de recursos al ser utilizadas en la producción de carbón, alimentación del ganado y personas, además de evitar erosiones del suelo; estas plantas se encuentran amenazadas en su producción por la presencia de brúquidos o gorgojos (Insecta: Coleoptera), quienes se alimentan de sus semillas para sobrevivir, causando pérdidas económicas en la región. En 2017 se realizaron recolectas de semillas en cuatro municipios del norte de Sinaloa, con el objetivo de identificar las especies de brúquidos asociados a fabaceas y evaluar sus daños sobre la germinación de semillas. Se identificaron 25 especies de fabáceas: Ahome (7), El Fuerte (6), Guasave (6) y Choix (6). Del total de 68,340 semillas, emergieron 19,396 gorgojos adultos, agrupados en siete géneros y 14 especies, con dominancias en las especies de Mimosestes (3), Acanthoscelides (3), Merobruchus (3) y Stator (2). De las especies vegetales, 17 fueron atacadas por una sola especie de brúquido, y seis por dos; en Ahome la especie plaga más perjudicial fue Merobruchus santarosae, con 43.9% y 33.1% de daños a Mariosouza coultieri y M. acatlensis, respectivamente; en El Fuerte, Acanthoscelides desmanthi causó daños del 38.95% a Sesvania herbaceae y del 29.48% a S. occidentalis; en Guasave, los mayores daños correspondieron a Callosobruchus maculatus sobre Cicer arietinum (41.3%), Mimosestes ulkei sobre Parkinsonia aculeata (40.6%) y M. mimosae sobre P. florida (37.7%); en Choix los mayores daños correspondieron a Merobruchus insolitus sobre Albizia sinaloensis (34.7%) y Amblycerus acapulcencis sobre Caesalpinia cacalaco (29.1%).Fabaceae represent an important source of resources when are used in coal production, feeding of livestock and people, in addition to avoiding soil erosions; these plants are threatened in their production by the presence of bruchids or weevils (Insecta: Coleoptera), who feed on their seeds to survive, causing economic losses in the region. In 2017, seed collections were carried out in four municipalities in the North of Sinaloa, with the objective of identifying the bruquid species associated with Fabaceae and assessing their damage on the germination of seeds. 25 species of Fabaceae were identified: Ahome (7), El Fuerte (6), Guasave (6) and Choix (6). From 68,340 seeds, 19,396 adult weevils emerged, grouped into seven genera and 14 species, with dominance in species of Mimosestes (3), Acanthoscelides (3), Merobruchus (3), and Stator (2). Of the plant species, 17 were attacked by a kind of bruquid and six by two; in Ahome the most harmful pest species was Merobruchus santarosae, with 43.9%  and 33.1% damage to Mariosouza coultieri and M. acatlensis, respectively; in El Fuerte, Acanthoscelides desmanthi caused 38.95% damage to Sesvania herbaceae and 29.48% to S. occidentalis; in Guasave, the greatest damages corresponded to Callosobruchus maculatus on Cicer arietinum (41.3%), Mimosestes ulkei on Parkinsonia aculeata (40.6%) and M. mimosae on P. florida (37.7%); in Choix, the greatest damages corresponded to Merobruchus insolitus on Albizia sinaloensis (34.7%) and Amblycerus acapulcencis on Caesalpinia cacalaco (29.1%)

Immunoadjuvant Therapy and Noninvasive Ventilation for Acute Respiratory Failure in Lung Tuberculosis: A Case Study

Acute respiratory failure caused by pulmonary tuberculosis is a rare event but with a high mortality even while receiving mechanical ventilatory support. We report the case of a young man with severe pulmonary tuberculosis refractory to conventional therapy who successfully overcame the critical period of his condition using noninvasive ventilation and immunoadjuvant therapy that included three doses of etanercept 25 mg subcutaneously. We conclude that the use of etanercept along with antituberculosis treatment appears to be safe and effective in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis presenting with acute respiratory failure

Recursos naturales y potencial turístico de la Bahía de Chamela, Jalisco, México: intereses de los visitantes en el contexto del turismo alternativo

The natural and cultural resources are crucial to develop a tourism product; they have to be conserved to the future. It is important to the stability and potential of the region to attract tourists. The interests for this article, is to know two different points, the first is to meet about the common requirements for the tourists and the most visitor heritages that they think are important, at the same time is important to know the characteristics of the heritage, their elements and the actual situation for them; with all that information is possible to know what can of alternative tourism could be practice in Bahía de Chamela, Jalisco, Mexico. It was necessary to elaborate cards with the most representative natural heritage and their characteristics, at the same time, make questions to the visitors in relation of tourism and sustainability. The frequently activities are ecotourism and adventure tourism with interaction in the natural attractions of Bahía de Chamela, this territory is a short coast with the same natural characteristics in all the areas, the islands are in the interior of the bay, they are the best attraction in the bay. The potential to make tourism activities in Bahía de Chamela is in the natural heritage of this coast and with the local economy like traditional fishing, bird watching and diving. Bahía de Chamela doesn´t have a lot tourism infrastructure to catch visitor who arrive this place. The implantation of alternative tourism can make the participation of the local population to the tourist services.Los recursos naturales y culturales son determinantes para desarrollar un producto turístico, mismos que deben conservarse a fin de que la oferta se pueda mantener a futuro, por lo tanto, es fundamental establecer el potencial con el que cuenta una región para atraer visitantes. Para los intereses del presente trabajo resultó importante identificar dos puntos principales, uno donde se identificaron las necesidades más concurrentes en los visitantes de la zona y el patrimonio que consideran más atractivo, y por otra parte caracterizar dicho patrimonio en cuanto a su estado actual y elementos que lo conforman, de esta forma se podría lograr una fusión y lograr obtener resultados claros, logrando a su vez conocer las actividades de turismo alternativo que se realizan o podría realizarse en cada sitio de la Bahía de Chamela, Jalisco, México. Para esto, fue necesario elaborar fichas con las que se extrajo información del patrimonio natural más representativo y sus características, a su vez, se realizaron preguntas para obtener opiniones de la población en temas de turismo y sustentabilidad. Las actividades que más destacaron fueron el ecoturismo y el turismo de aventura, que se llevan a cabo por medio de la interacción con los atractivos naturales de la Bahía de Chamela, un territorio con una reducida extensión de litoral que comparte las mismas características naturales con las áreas colindantes, destacando que las islas que se localizan en su interior son el atractivo turístico más representativo. El potencial turístico de la Bahía de Chamela está relacionado con el patrimonio natural de su zona costera, que es de gran importancia para la economía local con actividades como la pesca artesanal, avistamiento de aves marinas y buceo. Sin embargo, en la bahía aún no se cuenta con la infraestructura turística adecuada para atender a los visitantes que arriban al lugar. Se propone la implementación de un modelo de turismo alternativo que incluya la participación de la población local en la oferta de servicios turísticos e intereses de los turistas que visitan la región

Diseño y construcción de una turbina eólica de uso comercial mediante un análisis costo beneficio

The present investigation focuses from the selection of the type of wind turbine and to the design and construction at the lowest possible cost to implement it in the Technological Institute of Matamoros, where different tests were carried out, analysis of material costs and improvements in the prototype to implement in the project, taking advantage of wind energy since it is a renewable energy source that uses the force of the wind to generate electricity. The main means to obtain it are wind turbines, "windmills" of variable size that transform the kinetic energy of the wind into mechanical energy with their blades.La presente investigación se enfoca desde la selección de tipo de aerogenerador eólico y hasta el diseño y la construcción al menor costo posible para implementarla en el Instituto Tecnológico de Matamoros, Donde se hicieron diferentes pruebas, análisis de costos de materiales y mejoras en el prototipo para implementar en el proyecto, Aprovechando la energía eólica ya que es una fuente de energía renovable que utiliza la fuerza del viento para generar electricidad. El principal medio para obtenerla son los aerogeneradores, “molinos de viento” de tamaño variable que transforman con sus aspas la energía cinética del viento en energía mecánic

Biological Exploration and Physicochemical Characteristics of <i>Tomato Brown Rugose Fruit Virus</i> in Several Host Crops

Tomato brown rugose fruit virus (ToBRFV) is considered an emerging disease and a viral pandemic for tomato consumers. The objectives of this research were to analyze the biological and physicochemical characteristics of ToBRFV in tomato and tobacco plants, as well as to evaluate its natural host range. Inoculant seeds were recovered from ToBRFV-infected tomato samples in Coahuila, Mexico, and confirmed by RT-PCR. In the first greenhouse experiment, tomato plants of the F1 hybrid variety 172–300 (Yüksel), infected with ToBRFV, were used to evaluate viral inclusions (VI), dilution endpoint (DEP), the incubation period (IP), and latency period (LP). In a greenhouse experiment, Nicotiana longiflora plants were inoculated with ToBRFV to determine the in vitro longevity (IVL) and thermal inactivation (TI) of the virus in sap. Finally, the inoculation of tomato plants grown in open fields was carried out to evaluate transmission to natural hosts. The plants tested for possible ToBRFV reservoirs near the inoculum source were inspected and confirmed by a double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA). The results indicate that the VIs on tomato leaves manifested as X-bodies and rounded, stacked plaques within epidermal cells. The DEP required to induce the infection in plants was from a ToBRFV concentration of 1 × 10−5.5, the IP of ToBRFV occurred 9 to 12 days post-inoculation, and LP could be detected one day after inoculation. The TI of ToBRFV in N. longiflora plants occurred at 85 °C for 30 min. Ipomoea purpurea, Mirabilis jalapa, Clematis drummondii, and Solanum tuberosum were newly identified hosts of ToBRFV. The results found contribute to a better understanding of the impact of ToBRFV, managing and preventing the spread of ToBRFV in diverse environments

Bacillus subtilis LPM1 differentially promotes the growth of bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) varieties under shade house

AbstractBacillus subtilis strain LPM1 was previously documented as a plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium under open field conditions. For deeper understanding, the present study was established in a shade house with three different commercial varieties of bell pepper (Prosperity RZ, Valkiria RZ, and Sven RZ) treated prior to transplanting with the B. subtilis LPM1. The trial was performed as three parallel experiments (one per variety) comparing treated (LPM1 inoculated) against untreated (control) plants, with four replicates each. At three different times i.e. 30, 45, and 60 days after inoculation (DAI) biometric parameters, including total dry biomass, foliar area, plant height, stem diameter, and total yield were measured. Physiological parameters such as photosynthetic rate (µmol CO2 m−2 s−1), stomatal conductance (mol H2O m−2 s−1), and transpiration rate (mmol H2O m−2 s−1) were also evaluated. In the vegetative stages, the rhizobacterium B. subtilis LPM1 significantly promoted some plant traits of bell pepper varieties, such as stem diameter and total dry biomass (30, 45, and 60 DAI). However, the fruit number and yield in bell pepper varieties did not show differences between treatments under shade house conditions

Efectividad "in vitro" de "Bacillus" y polifenoles de plantas nativas de México sobre "Rhizoctonia-Solani"

In order to find alternatives for pathogen management causing diseases in the root system of plants, was evaluated the in vitro effect of antagonistic bacteria of the genus Bacillus isolated from rhizosphere and from ethanolic extracts of plants species Larrea tridentata, Flourensia cernua, Opuntia ficus-indica, Agave lechuguilla and Yucca filifera, that are endemic from the Chihuahua desert against plant pathogen Rhizoctonia solani. Bacteria were obtained as spore form; a soil suspension was heated for 15 min at 80 °C to remove non-sporulating forms. Plant extracts were obtained by infusion. As a result it was found that strains of Bacillus isolates have an in vitro antagonistic effect on mycelia inhibition of Rhizoctonia solani from 40 to 67%. The characterization 16S rDNA gene sequencing determined that the isolates belong to the species of B. subtilis, B. pumilus and B. atrophaeus, that are reported with antagonistic effect on plant pathogenic organisms. In the case of extracts, an effect on mycelial inhibition of up to 100% was found; most extracts inhibited micelial growth of R. solani at 100% except for Y. filifera extract that only obtained 46% with the highest dose evaluated (3 000 ppm). F. cernua extracts show that at 160 ppm of total polyphenols completely inhibited R. solani.Con el objetivo de encontrar alternativas para el manejo de patógenos que provocan enfermedades en el sistema radical de las plantas se evaluó el efecto in vitro de bacterias antagonista del género Bacillus aisladas de la rizosfera y de extractos etanolicos de plantas de las especies Larrea tridentata, Flourensia cernua, Opuntia ficus-indica, Agave lechuguilla y Yucca filifera endémicas del desierto Chihuahuense contra el fitopatógeno Rhizoctonia solani. Las bacterias se obtuvieron de la forma esporulada, una suspensión de suelo se calentó 15 min 80 °C para eliminar formas no esporuladas. Los extractos vegetales se obtuvieron por infusión. Como resultado se encontró que las cepas de Bacillus aislados presentan un efecto antagonista in vitro sobre la inhibición micelial de Rhizoctonia solani desde 40 a 67%. La caracterización por secuenciación del gen 16S del ADNr se determinó que los aislamientos pertenecen a las especies de B. subtilis, B. pumilus y a B. atrophaeus, quienes están reportadas con efecto antagónico sobre organismos fitopatógenos. Para el caso de los extractos se encontró un efecto en la inhibición micelial hasta 100% en su mayoría todos los extractos inhibieron el crecimiento del micelio de R. solani al 100% excepto el extracto de Y. filifera que solo tuvo 46% con la dosis más alta evaluada (3 000 ppm). Los extractos de F. cernua muestran que a 160 ppm de polifenoles totales se inhibe completamente a R. solani

"Aspergillus" aflatoxigénicos: enfoque taxonómico actual

The genus Aspergillus has been studied for centuries due to its industrial and deterioration properties, and its effects on health. Its identification at a genus level is relatively simple, yet at a level of species it becomes more complicated, due to the similarities between both. Due to this, taxonomists currently recommend a polyphasic focus that includes, not only morphologic characteristics, but also biochemical and molecular characteristics. The aim of this investigation was to present the basic aspects concerning the polyphasic identification of these species.Aspergillus es un género estudiado desde hace siglos debido a sus propiedades industriales, de deterioro y efectos en la salud. Su identificación a nivel de género es relativamente sencilla, pero a nivel de especies se complica debido a las similitudes existentes entre las mismas. Debido a esto, actualmente, los taxónomos recomiendan un enfoque polifásico que comprende no sólo características morfológicas, sino también bioquímicas y moleculares. El presente trabajo se realizó con el objetivo de presentar los aspectos básicos concernientes a la identificación polifásica de estas especies

Injertos en chiles tipo Cayene, jalapeño y chilaca en el noroeste de Chihuahua, México

In seeds harvested by farmers, the influence on the timing of the diameters of stems was studied in common and reciprocal grafts using chilies, jalapeño, chilaca and Cayenne as grafts and, landrace Morelos CM-334 as the rootstock. CM 334's stem diameter showed high compatibility with jalapeño and chilaca, and was very distant with Cayenne. Abundant callus formation between the unions of the tested grafts showed good aptitude and affinity which allowed the firm connection of the vascular cambium. The rates of graft survival were of 90% with chilies, which is within the acceptable range for commercially purposes. Using CM 334 as a rootstock resistant to P. capsici could be part of an integrated control for wilt in these types of commercial chilies. The reciprocal graft can be used to study genes associated with regulatory processes of signais able to move from the roots to the sprout, such as branching, flowering, systemic resistance and abiotic stress responses.En semillas cosechadas por los agricultores se estudió la influencia en la sincronización de los diámetros de tallos en injertos comunes y recíprocos utilizando los tipos de chiles, jalapeño, chilaca y Cayene como injertos y el criollo de Morelos CM-334 como portainjerto. El grosor del tallo del CM 334 presentó mayor compatibilidad con el chile tipo jalapeño y con el tipo chilacay fue muy distante con el grosor del tallo del tipo de chile Cayene. La formación de callo abundante entre la unión de los injertos ensayados mostró buena aptitud y afinidad lo cual permitió la conexión firme del cambium con el patrón. Los porcentajes de supervivencia de los injertos fueron 90% con los chiles lo cual está dentro del rango aceptable a nivel comercial. El usar el CM 334 como un portainjerto resistente a P .capsici podría formar parte del manejo integrado para controlar la marchitez en estos tipos de chiles comerciales. El injerto reciproco puede ser usado para estudiar genes asociados con procesos de regulación de señales a distancia capaces de moverse de la raíz al brote como ramificaciones, floración, resistencia sistémica y respuestas a estrés abiótico