22,401 research outputs found
Organic chemistry on Titan
Observations of nonequilibrium phenomena on the Saturn satellite Titan indicate the occurrence of organic chemical evolution. Greenhouse and thermal inversion models of Titan's atmosphere provide environmental constraints within which various pathways for organic chemical synthesis are assessed. Experimental results and theoretical modeling studies suggest that the organic chemistry of the satellite may be dominated by two atmospheric processes: energetic-particle bombardment and photochemistry. Reactions initiated in various levels of the atmosphere by cosmic ray, Saturn wind, and solar wind particle bombardment of a CH4 - N2 atmospheric mixture can account for the C2-hydrocarbons, the UV-visible-absorbing stratospheric haze, and the reddish color of the satellite. Photochemical reactions of CH4 can also account for the presence of C2-hydrocarbons. In the lower Titan atmosphere, photochemical processes will be important if surface temperatures are sufficiently high for gaseous NH3 to exist. Hot H-atom reactions initiated by photo-dissociation of NH3 can couple the chemical reactions of NH3 and CH4 and produce organic matter
Anomalously Slow Cross Symmetry Phase Relaxation, Thermalized Non-Equilibrated Matter and Quantum Computing Beyond the Quantum Chaos Border
Thermalization in highly excited quantum many-body system does not
necessarily mean a complete memory loss of the way the system was formed. This
effect may pave a way for a quantum computing, with a large number of qubits
--1000, far beyond the quantum chaos border. One of the
manifestations of such a thermalized non-equilibrated matter is revealed by a
strong asymmetry around 90 c.m. of evaporating proton yield in the
Bi(,p) photonuclear reaction. The effect is described in terms of
anomalously slow cross symmetry phase relaxation in highly excited quantum
many-body systems with exponentially large Hilbert space dimensions. In the
above reaction this phase relaxation is about eight orders of magnitude slower
than energy relaxation (thermalization).Comment: Published in SIGMA (Symmetry, Integrability and Geometry: Methods and
Applications) at http://www.emis.de/journals/SIGMA
Isocausal spacetimes may have different causal boundaries
We construct an example which shows that two isocausal spacetimes, in the
sense introduced by Garc\'ia-Parrado and Senovilla, may have c-boundaries which
are not equal (more precisely, not equivalent, as no bijection between the
completions can preserve all the binary relations induced by causality). This
example also suggests that isocausality can be useful for the understanding and
computation of the c-boundary.Comment: Minor modifications, including the title, which matches now with the
published version. 12 pages, 3 figure
Experimental proposal for accurate determination of the phase relaxation time and testing a formation of thermalized non-equilibrated matter in highly excited quantum many-body systems
We estimate how accurate the phase relaxation time of quantum many-body
systems can be determined from data on forward peaking of evaporating protons
from a compound nucleus. The angular range and accuracy of the data needed for
a reliable determination of the phase relaxation time are evaluated. The
general method is applied to analyze the inelastic scattering of 18 MeV protons
from Pt for which previously measured double differential cross sections for
two angles in the evaporating domain of the spectra show a strong forward
peaking. A new experiment for an improved determination of the phase relaxation
time is proposed. The experiment is also highly desirable for an accurate test
of a formation of thermalized non-equilibrated matter in quantum many-body
systems.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figure
Locating the critical end point using the linear sigma model coupled to quarks
We use the linear sigma model coupled to quarks to compute the effective
potential beyond the mean field approximation, including the contribution of
the ring diagrams at finite temperature and baryon density. We determine the
model couplings and use them to study the phase diagram in the baryon chemical
potential-temperature plane and to locate the Critical End Point.Comment: 8 pages, 2 figures, conference paper from ISMD 201
Light charged Higgs boson production at the Large Hadron electron Collider
We study the production of a light charged Higgs boson at the future Large
Hadron electron Collider (LHeC), through the process
considering both decay channels and in the final state. We analyse these processes in the context of the
2-Higgs Doublet Model Type III (2HDM-III) and assess the LHeC sensitivity to
such signals against a variety of both reducible and irreducible
backgrounds. We confirm that prospects for detection in the 2HDM-III are
excellent assuming standard collider energy and luminosity conditions.Comment: 12 pages, 12 figures. Accepted in Physical Review
Numerical precision radiative corrections to the Dalitz plot of baryon semileptonic decays including the spin-momentum correlation of the decaying and emitted baryons
We calculate the radiative corrections to the angular correlation between the
polarization of the decaying and the direction of the emitted spin one-half
baryons in the semileptonic decay mode. The final results are presented, first,
with the triple integration of the bremsstrahlung photon ready to be performed
numerically and, second, in an analytical form. A third presentation of our
results in the form of numerical arrays of coefficients to be multiplied by the
quadratic products of form factors is discussed. This latter may be the most
practical one to use in Monte Carlo simulations. A series of crosschecks is
performed. Previous results to order (alpha/pi)(q/M_1) for the decays of
unpolarized baryons are reviewed, too, where q is the momentum transfer and M_1
is the mass of the decaying baryon. This paper is self-contained and organized
to make it accessible and reliable in the analysis of the Dalitz plot of
precision experiments involving heavy quarks and is not compromised to fixing
the form factors at predetermined values. It is assumed that the real photons
are kinematically discriminated. Otherwise, our results have a general
model-independent applicability.Comment: 34 pages, 4 tables, no figures. Some sections have been shortened.
Conclusions remain unchange
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