Tomás Ramón del Moral, un prestigiado sabio del siglo XIX: su contribución a la cartografía mexicana

El presente artículo se desprende de una investigación efectuada por el autor relativa al estudio del primer atlas cartográfico del Estado de México, una colección de mapas que surgió de las operaciones de Tomás Ramón del Moral y una comisión de científicos que se abocaron a recorrer el territorio de dicha entidad desde finales de 1827 y hasta mediados de 1830; este personaje prosiguió por su cuenta los trabajos para terminarlos en 1833. Los mapas, sin embargo, salieron a la luz pública entre julio de 1851 y mayo de 1852, cuando ya había fallecido el sabio, lo que implicó averiguar cuáles fueron las circunstancias que evitaron su edición inmediata. Esta producción cartográfica no tuvo precedente en México por dos razones: inicialmente, porque se trató de la primera realización estatal a raíz de la proclamación de la Independencia de México; y segundo, porque fue la experiencia originaria mexicana en la que se utilizó la metodología geodésica para un levantamiento de gran formato. Del Moral y su producción cartográfica no se pueden entender el uno sin el otro, en virtud de que los mapas son el resultado de la capacidad académica de aquel, quien se confirmó como el actor idóneo para encabezar las operaciones científicas en el territorio mexiquense

Literature and Marxism: A controversy

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Fatigue failure analysis of vibrating screen spring by means of finite element simulation: a case study

Vibrating screens are often used in the mining industry to separate mineral particles by size. In many designs, spring arrays are used to provide the system with the necessary stiffness for screens to vibrate in a controlled manner. Naturally, these springs are subjected to varying loading cycles, which can cause their premature fatigue failure. This behavior has been studied by means of finite element analysis and compared with data obtained from a real case scenario, in which a helical spring failed. The 3D computational model was developed using the geometric characteristics and material properties of a fractured spring, as well as the loading characteristics of a specific vibrating screen. The meshing and the simulation tasks were performed in the general purpose software ANSYS Mechanical. Given the nature of the helical springs and the high-cycle loading conditions, for the fatigue analysis it was determined that a stress-life approach with constant amplitude and non-proportional loading best fit the investigated phenomenon. In solving the nonproportional loading case, stress values of two static scenarios were required to determine the upper and lower limits. Then, to perform the fatigue calculations a solution combination was used. In addition, in order to correct the effect of mean stress and calculate the stresses component respectively the Goodman and Von Mises theories were employed. Simulation results showed that spring would present failure below the second turn of the coil when working with the full nominal load during nearly forty million cycles. These results strongly agreed with the data extracted from a vibrating screen where fractured spring had been working. Fatigue analysis also predicted that the nominal load should be reduced to 90% in order for the spring to meet the minimum life requirements before failure occur

Advanced differentiation in trichoepithelioma and basal cell carcinoma investigated by immunohistochemistry against neurofilaments.

Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and trichoepithelioma (TE) are sometimes diagnostic challenges for the pathologist in terms of their differential diagnosis. Although literature is quite rich in information about histologic and immunohistochemical clues to distinguish the differences between both, no single finding must be completely reliable. Moreover, some consider that TE is a better differentiated follicular tumour, while BCC represents a less developed stage in differentiation. For instance, the latter opinion is supported by the evidence of follicular papillae in TE.The formation of a perifollicular nerve plexus happens later than the formation of the follicular papillae in the development of a normal follicle. The study of the presence of the perifollicular nerve plexus in both tumours which could then provide us with evidence on the stage of differentiation of both tumours. 5 cases of TE and 10 cases of BCC were randomly selected from our archives and an immunohistochemical study for neurofilaments was performed in all the cases.We found a peritumoural nerve plexus in all the cases (TEs and BCCs). Since this plexus is a late sign of differentiation and since both types of neoplasias share it, we conclude that TE and BCC are both terminally differentiated neoplasms. The ability of BCC to infiltrate would have more to do with the acquisition by the tumour of such a property, rather than with a stage of indifferentiation

Soft Lithographic Fabrication of Micro Optic and Guided Wave Devices

The design and development of guided wave devices based on soft lithographic fabrication techniques was examined. Notably, a novel vacuum assisted microfluidic technique for fabrication of guided wave and integrated optical devices was described. Importantly, the technique eliminates the polymer background residue inherent to traditional soft molding fabrication techniques. In addition, UV curable resins with tunable index control specifically tailored for soft lithography were developed. Comparisons to conventional soft lithography demonstrate that the VAM approach results in lower propagation losses, lower crosstalk, and improved waveguide structures. More importantly, microscope analysis portrays improved device formation, sidewall edges and the elimination of the polymer background residue intrinsic to conventional soft lithography. As a low-cost rapid prototyping technique the VAM soft lithographic method allows guided wave devices to be implemented rapidly and inexpensively. Moreover, through adoption of our VAM technique we were able to successfully fabricate several integrated optic and guided wave devices. The VAM technique is used to develop single and multi-mode channel waveguides, and array waveguide evanescent coupler (AWEC) ribbons for high-speed optical interconnection. Notably, through a soft lithographic approach the overall fabrication costs were reduced (without sacrificing ribbon quality and performance) and data rates of up to 10 Gbps per channel were demonstrated. We expect that the AWEC scheme will be significant for high-speed optical interconnects in advanced computing and backplane systems. Overall, we believe that the novel VAM technique can yield lower production costs and manufacturing complexity for polymer based photonic integrated circuits

How a Christian Worldview Enhances and Interacts with Academic Service Learning

Abstract This study assesses how a Christian worldview enhances and interacts with academic service learning. It explains the importance of a Christian worldview and development at the undergraduate level. Faith integration is a distinctive to Christian higher education as part of attaining course objectives and fulfilling the mission of the institution. It considers academic service learning as a tool for teaching and learning in pre-service teacher education with faith integration. Findings explain the interaction of Christian worldview and academic service learning informing university student’s perceptions of teaching and understanding of students with special needs. Quantitative research methods demonstrate that academic service learning can inform pre-service teachers through interaction with Christian worldview. Qualitative research methods produce findings indicating that pre-service teachers understand Christian worldview and an enhanced view of students. Conclusions suggest utilizing academic service learning as a tool for faith integration positively influences undergraduate student’s development of a Christian worldview. Keywords: Christian Worldview, Service learning, Faith Integratio