Oxidative Stress Induced Lipid Peroxidation And DNA Adduct Formation In The Pathogenesis Of Multiple Myeloma And Lymphoma

Objective: To access the oxidative stress status by quantification of byproducts generated during lipid peroxidation and DNA breakdown products generated during DNA damage in the blood serum of multiple myeloma and lymphoma patients.Material & Methods: Case control study comprised of 40 patients of multiple myeloma and 20 patients of lymphoma along with 20 age and sex-matched healthy subjects as controls. Levels of Malondialdehyde and 8-hydroxy-2-deoxy-Guanosine were measured to study the oxidative stress status in the study subjects.Results: The level of markers of DNA damage and lipid peroxidation were found to be raised significantly in the study subjects in comparison to healthy controls. The results indicate oxidative stress and DNA damage activity increase progressively with the progression of disease.Conclusion: Oxidative stress causes DNA damage and Lipid peroxidation which results in the formation of DNA adducts leading to mutations thereby indicate the role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of multiple myeloma and lymphoma

Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Levels in Relation to Oxidative Damage and Antioxidant Status in Patients with Breast Cancer

Purpose: Oxidative stress and angiogenesis are important elements in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases and cancer. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is one of the most potent angiogenic cytokines and is up-regulated by conditions associated with the generation of free radicals and reactive oxygen intermediates. In this study, we investigated the association between oxidative stress and serum VEGF status in patients with breast cancer. Methods: Forty patients with breast carcinoma, of which 21 were stage II and 19 were stage III, along with 40 ageand gender-matched healthy controls were enrolled. Oxidative stress, total antioxidant status, and VEGF levels in serum were evaluated by spectrophotometric procedures. Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were measured and antioxidant status was assessed by measuring total antioxidant status (TAS) to assess oxidative damage. Results: VEGF and MDA levels were significantly higher i

Erythrocyte osmotic fragility test as the measure of defence against free radicals in rabbits of different age

Peroxidation of the unsaturated bonds of membrane lipids increases fragility and cellular lysis of red blood cells. Erythrocyte susceptibility to the free radicals (peroxyl radicals) generated in vitro by 2,2′-azo-bis(2-amidinopropane) hydrochloride (AAPH) was evaluated and expressed as 50% maximal haemolysis time (HT50) in 3 groups of rabbits of different age. Erythrocytes of 1.5-month-old rabbits were more sensitive to free radicals than those of 3.5- and 6-month-old ones. In the three groups, significant negative correlation (r = −0.8 to −0.98) between the lipid peroxidation rate (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances; TBARS concentration) in blood plasma and the erythrocyte resistance to free radicals was found. This result suggests that the plasma antioxidant defence system is interrelated with that of the red blood cells and that the erythrocytes can be a good model for studies of oxidative stress. The simple haemolysis test reflecting the free radical defence can be useful for evaluating the antioxidant properties of various compounds

Why honey is effective as a medicine. 2. The scientific explanation of its effects

The effectiveness of honey as a therapeutic agent has been unequivocally demonstrated in the literature reviewed in Part 1 of this article published in 1999, but the biochemical explanation of these effects is more hypothetical. However, a rational explanation can be seen when one looks at the scientific literature outside that on honey. Some of the components of honey are substances known to have physiological actions that would explain many of its therapeutic effects. In addition, research on honey has shown directly that it has physiological actions that would give therapeutic effects

Malondialdehyde (MDA) and Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx) are Elevated in Crohns Disease-Associated with Mycobacterium Avium Subspecies Paratuberculosis (MAP)

Inflamed tissue in Crohn’s disease (CD) are continuously producing toxic oxygen metabolites leading to cellular injury and apoptosis. Here, we are evaluating the role of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) in oxidative stress in CD by evaluation of lipid peroxidation and antioxidant defense activity. Specifically, we measured malondialdehyde (MDA) level and selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity in the plasma from patients and cattle infected with MAP. The level of MAP antibodies in bovine sera was determined by IDEXX kit whereas detection of MAP DNA was performed by IS900-based nPCR. A total of 42 cattle (21 infected with MAP and 21 healthy controls), 27 CD subjects, 27 of CD-healthy relatives, 66 subjects with various diseases and 34 non-related healthy subjects were investigated. Overall, GPx activity was significantly higher in MAP infected humans (0.80941±0.521) versus MAP (-ve) samples (0.42367±0.229 units/ml), P lt& 0.01. Similarly, the average of GPx activity in cattle infected with MAP was 1.59±0.65 units/ml compared to 0.46907±0.28 units/ml in healthy cattle (P lt& 0.01). Although it was not statistically significant, MDA average level was higher in MAP infected human samples versus MAP (-ve) controls (1.11±0.185 nmol/ml versus 0.805±0.151 nmol/ml, respectively). Similarly, MDA average level in CD samples that are MAP+ (1.703±0.231 nmol/ml) was higher than CD samples that are MAP (-ve) (1.429±0.187 nmol/ml). In cattle, MDA average level in MAP infected samples was significantly higher at 3.818±0.45 nmol/ml compared to 0.538±0.18 nmol/ml in healthy cattle (P lt& 0.01). Clearly, the data demonstrated that MAP infection is associated with oxidative stress and resulting in the pathophysiology of worsening of the condition of CD patients

Efficacy of Gaultheria Fragrantissima Wall. on Lysosomal Destabilization and Inflammation by CFA Induced Arthritis in Rat

To summarize, these finding of this current exploration suggest the excessive free radical imposed stress by CFA induce arthritis resulted in bone erosion, lysosomal damage and increase serum pro-inflammatory cytokines levels In contrast, GF treatment regain the lysosomal structural integrity and anti-inflammatory effect. This sumpshot shows the light on the fact that GF might be beneficial in the stress condition implied by CFA induce arthritis. Concluding our study GF treatment regains the liver lysosomal structural integrity and anti-inflammatory effect induced by CFA induced arthritis in rat

Antioxidant and biological activities of tyrosol, hydroxytyrosol and their esters

A series of lipophilic esters of tyrosol and hydroxytyrosol, two naturally occurring phenols in olive oil with interesting biological properties, were prepared by an enzymatic and simplified base extraction procedure. Both tyrosol and hydroxytyrosol are hydrophilic molecules with poor solubility in lipophilic media, resulting in limited usage in foods and limited uptake by the cells and bioavailability in vivo. The antioxidant activities of esters so produced were evaluated using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), human low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation, and DNA strand scission assays. The antiviral properties of selected esters were measured using hepatitis C virus (HCV) protease and alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activities. Antiglycation by bovine serum albumin (BSA)-glucose assay, protection effect against oxidative stress, generation anti-inflammatory products by nitrite assay, and cytotoxic properties by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay of selected esters were also evaluated. All methods used for the antioxidant activity evaluation indicated that tyrosol (TY) and its derivatives were less active than the corresponding hydroxytyrosols (HTY), which reflected the influence of the ortho-diphenolic (catechol) structure of the latter on antioxidant capacity. For hydroxytyrosol, the introduction of the lipid moiety decreased its antioxidant activity. We observed the inhibition of HTY saturated fatty acid esters against hydroxyl radical induced DNA oxidation decreased as alkyl chain length increased. Meanwhile, an unsaturation-dependent antioxidant effect was observed for TY and HTY esters in DNA strand scission assay, and for TY esters in DPPH assay. However, in the LDL oxidation assay, the polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) moiety of TY esters may be oxidized. For antiviral properties of selected esters, most of the TY derivatives that showed potent inhibition on α-glucosidase were not active against HCV while HTY esters showed very good HCV protease inhibition, especially HTY caprylate, stearate and oleate esters which displayed 3-fold stronger inhibition than that of embelin (the positive control). Moreover, it was found that lipophilization by esterification could improve the anti-inflammatory and antiglycation effects of tyrosol and hydroxytyrosol. These results indicate that the lipophilic ester derivatives can served as antioxidant ingredients in food, as well as anti-inflammatory, antiglycation, and antiviral agents, and ingredients in other therapeutic applications, supplements and natural health products

An Investigation of the Health Benefits of Honey as a Replacement For Sugar In the Diet

Sugar (primarily sucrose) has been a part of the daily diet for literally hundreds of years, but research is now suggesting that sugar intake can be detrimental to our health. In particular, excessive consumption of simple sugars with high glycemic index (GI) values have been shown to cause overeating and weight gain. As well, elevated postprandial hyperglycemia can result after consuming sugars and this has been linked to disease formation and progression, the development of advanced glycation endproducts, inflammation and increased mortality rates. Honey has been recognised as having a number of beneficial health properties, including slower uptake into the bloodstream, a pharmacological action of reducing blood glucose levels and a high level of bioavailable antioxidants, all of which may mean that honey could be less harmful to health than sucrose in the diet. This study was therefore designed to investigate the health benefits of honey in the diet as a replacement for sucrose, using small animal studies. As well, because of the interest in using honey as a replacement for sucrose in sweetened dairy foods, a small number of in vitro investigations were carried out to determine whether honey could retain its bioactive properties when combined with milk/dairy products. Using the in vitro studies, it was shown that the combination of milk with honey had no effect on either the antibacterial or antioxidant capabilities of honey. During the animal feeding studies a number of significant findings were observed. In the earlier work it was shown that honey had a significant effect on protein metabolism when fed for 14 days at a level of 600 g/kg diet (comprising 480 g sugars and 120 g water) compared with animals fed an equivalent amount of sucrose. In this study, honey-fed rats exhibited significantly lower weight gains (p less than 0.001), food intake (p less than 0.05) and nitrogen intakes (p less than 0.05) and significantly higher faecal nitrogen outputs (p less than 0.05) compared with sucrose-fed rats. Animals fed a diet consisting of 480 g/kg of mixed sugars as in honey generally exhibited protein metabolism parameters that were comparable to those of the sucrose-fed rats, suggesting that the effects of honey on protein metabolism were not due solely to its distinctive sugar composition. Furthermore, in another study that specifically investigated the effects of honey on weight regulation, honey (100 g/kg diet) resulted in significantly reduced weight gain after 6 weeks (p less than 0.01) compared with animals fed the same amount of sugars as sucrose, although food intake was not reduced in this study. Percentage weight gains were shown to be comparable between honey-fed rats and those fed a sugar-free diet, suggesting that differences in glycemic control may be partly responsible for the results seen. Fasting lipid profiles and blood glucose levels were also measured in this study, but no significant differences were observed between diet groups. During long-term (12 months) feeding weight gain was again significantly reduced in rats fed honey (p less than 0.05) and a sugar-free diet (p less than 0.01) compared with those fed sucrose, the weights of honey-fed rats and those fed the sugar-free diet being comparable at the end of the study. In addition, blood glucose levels were significantly lower (p less than 0.001), and HDL-cholesterol levels significantly higher (p less than 0.05) in animals fed honey compared with those fed sucrose after 52 weeks, but no differences in these parameters were observed between rats fed sucrose and a sugar-free diet. No other significant differences in lipid profiles were observed. Immunity measures were improved after feeding honey or sucrose for 52 weeks, animals in both of these diet groups having significantly higher levels of neutrophil phagocytosis compared with those fed the sugar-free diet (both p less than 0.0001). In addition, the percentage of leukocytes that were lymphocytes was significantly higher in honey-fed rats at the end of the study. Furthermore, levels of oxidative damage in aortic collagen were significantly reduced in rats fed honey or the sugar-free diet (both p less than 0.05) compared with those fed sucrose after 52 weeks. Full body DEXA scans were also undertaken in this 12-month study to assess body fat levels and bone mineral composition and density, although they revealed few statistically significant differences. Percentage body fat levels were shown to be nearly 10% lower in honey-fed rats compared with sucrose-fed animals at the end of the study (p less than 0.05), but no other significant differences between diet groups were observed. With one exception, no differences in bone mineral composition or bone mineral density were observed between the three diet groups after 52 weeks. This data agreed with the results generated from two earlier studies that showed that feeding honey short-term (for 6-8 weeks) to rats that were either calcium-deficient or fed a low calcium diet had no effect on bone calcium levels, bone mineral content, bone mineral density or bone breaking parameters. Lastly, long-term feeding of honey to rats had a number of statistically significant effects on anxiety and cognitive performance when assessed using animal maze tasks. Anxiety-like behaviour was significantly reduced in honey-fed rats overall compared with those fed sucrose (p = 0.056) or a sugar free diet (p less than 0.05). Spatial memory was also better in honey fed-rats throughout the 12 month study, these animals not displaying the same degree of age-related spatial memory loss seen in the other two diet groups. No significant differences in recognition memory or learning capability were observed between diet groups after 52 weeks. In conclusion, both short-term and long-term feeding of honey result in a number of health benefits compared with eating similar amounts of sucrose. These include less weight gain, improved immunity, reduced levels of oxidative damage and improved cognitive performance.. These effects of honey are likely to occur through a number of different processes, although the presence of high concentrations of antioxidants and other minor components in honey are likely to be important contributors. Honey may therefore help to improve human heath if it is used as an alternative to sucrose in foods and beverages, although feeding studies in humans are required to assess its efficacy. In addition, more animal studies are needed to assess which features of honey (e.g. fructose content, antioxidant content and bioactivities) are required to achieve optimal effects, and to determine what impact heating and food processing may have on the beneficial health effects of honey