374 research outputs found
Education in adult basic life support training programs
The Panel on Educational Issues in Adult Basic Life Support Training Programs reviewed the characteristics of adult learners, aspects of educational theory, issues concerning barriers to learning and performing CPR, and issues concerning testing and evaluation.The panel made the following recommendations: a comprehensive evaluation of the basic life support program with the goal of improving the program design and educational tools must be initiated; adult programs must be designed to motivate laypersons to become trained in CPR, as well as to target relatives and friends of high-risk individuals; and emotional and attitudinal issues, including the student's reluctance to act in an emergency, must be addressed. Programs must incorporate information on the willingness of an individual to perform CPR; CPR programs must be simplified and focus on critical success factors; flexible educational approaches in programs are encouraged; flexible programming that addresses the needs of the allied health professional is encouraged; formal testing should be eliminated for layperson programs; and formal testing for health care providers and instructors should be continued.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/30976/1/0000649.pd
A Genome-Wide Association Study for Regulators of Micronucleus Formation in Mice.
In mammals the regulation of genomic instability plays a key role in tumor suppression and also controls genome plasticity, which is important for recombination during the processes of immunity and meiosis. Most studies to identify regulators of genomic instability have been performed in cells in culture or in systems that report on gross rearrangements of the genome, yet subtle differences in the level of genomic instability can contribute to whole organism phenotypes such as tumor predisposition. Here we performed a genome-wide association study in a population of 1379 outbred Crl:CFW(SW)-US_P08 mice to dissect the genetic landscape of micronucleus formation, a biomarker of chromosomal breaks, whole chromosome loss, and extranuclear DNA. Variation in micronucleus levels is a complex trait with a genome-wide heritability of 53.1%. We identify seven loci influencing micronucleus formation (false discovery rate <5%), and define candidate genes at each locus. Intriguingly at several loci we find evidence for sexual dimorphism in micronucleus formation, with a locus on chromosome 11 being specific to males.This work was supported by Cancer Research UK and the Wellcome Trust.This is the final version of the article. It first appeared from the Genetics Society of America via http://dx.doi.org/10.1534/g3.116.03076
The Big Society and the Conjunction of Crises: Justifying Welfare Reform and Undermining Social Housing
The idea of the āBig Societyā can be seen as culmination of a long-standing debate about the regulation of welfare. Situating the concept within governance theory, the article considers how the UK coalition government has justified a radical restructuring of welfare provision, and considers its implications for housing provision. Although drawing on earlier modernization processes, the article contends that the genesis for welfare reform was based on an analysis that the government was forced to respond to a unique conjunction of crises: in morality, the state, ideology and economics. The government has therefore embarked upon a programme, which has served to undermine the legitimacy of the social housing sector (most notably in England), with detrimental consequences for residents and raising significant dilemmas for those working in the housing sector
(In)formalization and the civilizing process : applying the work of Norbert Elias to housing-based anti-social behaviour interventions in the UK
This paper uses Norbert Elias's theory of the civilizing process to examine trends in social conduct in the UK and to identify how problematic āantiāsocialā behaviour is conceptualized and governed through housingābased mechanisms of intervention. The paper describes how Elias's concepts of the formalization and informalization of conduct and the construction of established and outsider groups provide an analytical framework for understanding social relations. It continues by discussing how deācivilizing processes are also evident in contemporary society, and are applied to current policy discourse around Respect and antiāsocial behaviour. The paper uses the governance of āantiāsocialā conduct through housing mechanisms in the UK to critique the work of Elias and concludes by arguing that a revised concept of the civilizing process provides a useful analytical framework for future studies
Participatory Process for Implementing a Colorectal Cancer Screening Intervention: an Action Plan for Local Sustainability
Background: Rigid protocols can hamper translation of evidence-based interventions from research to real-world settings. This investigation aimed to develop procedures for modifying the study protocol of a community-based participatory research (CBPR) project and to analyze the theoretical constructs that underlie this process.
Methods: The research project is a dissemination and implementation study of the Educational Program to Increase Colorectal Cancer Screening (EPICS), an evidence-based intervention targeting African Americans in the United States. The study is being conducted in a partnership with community coalitions in 15 different cities. Each site initially presented unique issues that required modification of the study protocol.
Results: In order to honor underlying CBPR theory, it was necessary to negotiate protocol changes with the community coalition at each site, while insuring preservation of the core elements of the intervention.
Conclusions: We discuss the ways in which this represents a narrowing of the gap between CBPR and traditional research approaches
1993-94 Progress Report
The 1993 edition of the Progress Reports was prepared for the Maine Wild Blueberry Commission and the University of Maine Wild Blueberry Advisory Committee by researchers at the University of Maine, Orono. Projects in this report include:
1. Effects of irrigation on lowbush blueberry yield and quality
2. The Economics of investigating irrigation for lowbush blueberries
3. Phosphorus dose/response curve
4. Winter injury protection by potassium
5. Multiple cropping of wild stands
6. Effect of Boron and Calcium on lowbush blueberry fruit set and yield
7. Comparison of N, NP, and NPK fertilizers to correct nitrogen and phosphorus deficiency
8. Determination of pesticide residue levels in freshly harvested and processed lowbush blueberries
9. Effects of calcium salts and citric acid on the quality of canned lowbush blueberries
10. Investigation of preprocess changes (chemical, microbiological, and/or physical) that can lead to the development of a simple and inexpensive method to measure preprocess berry spoilage
11. The effect of fertilization and irrigation in blueberry fruit quality
12. Pollination Ecology of lowbush blueberry in Maine
13. Current importance of insects in lowbush blueberry fields
14. Application of heat as a method of controlling secondary pest insects on lowbush blueberry: a feasibility study
15. Control of blueberry maggot
16. Control of secondary blueberry pest insects
17. Biology and action thresholds of secondary blueberry pest insects
18. Cold-hardiness of native lowbush blueberry
19. Design, fabrication, and testing of an experimental sterilizer for blueberry fields
20. Canned Product Quality--Heat-resistant molds
21. Sanitation for disease control
22. Evaluation of VelparĀ® impregnated DAP and PrononeĀ® for weed control
23. Evaluation of postemergence applications of tribenuron methyl for bunchberry control
24. Evaluation of postemergence applications of a tank mix of tribenuron methyl and hexazinone for bunchberry control
25. Thresholds of dogbane and bracken fem by mechanical and chemical control in lowbush blueberry fields
26. Effect of time of application of clopyralid for control of vetch and effect on flowering in lowbush blueberries
27. Effect of time of fall pruning on growth and productivity of blueberries and evaluation of infrared burner to prune blueberries
28. Evaluation of infrared burner for selective seedling weed control
29. Evaluation of pressurized rope wick Wick Master wiper for treating weeds growing above lowbush blueberries
30. Blueberry Extension Education Program Base
31. Blueberry ICM program for Hancock County
32. Composting blueberry processing waste
33. Hexazinone ground water survey
34. Investigations of Lowbush Blueberry Fruit bud Cold-hardiness
35. Design, Fabrication, and Testing of an Experimental Sterilizer for Blueberry Field
Idiopathic interstitial pneumonia: Do community and academic physicians agree on diagnosis?
Rationale: Treatment and prognoses of diffuse parenchymal lung
diseases (DPLDs) varies by diagnosis. Obtaining a uniform diagnosis
among observers is difficult.
Objectives: Evaluate diagnostic agreement between academic and
community-based physicians for patients with DPLDs, and determine
if an interactive approach between clinicians, radiologists,
and pathologists improved diagnostic agreement in community
and academic centers.
Methods: Retrospective review of 39 patients with DPLD. A total of
19 participants reviewed cases at 2 community locations and 1
academic location. Information from the history, physical examination,
pulmonary function testing, high-resolution computed tomography,
and surgical lung biopsy was collected. Data were presented
in the same sequential fashion to three groups of physicians on
separate days.
Measurements and Main Results: Each observerās diagnosis was coded
into one of eight categories. A statistic allowing formultiple raters
was used to assess agreement in diagnosis. Interactions between
clinicians, radiologists, and pathologists improved interobserver
agreement at both community and academic sites; however, final
agreement was better within academic centers (Kappa= 0.55ā0.71) than
within community centers (Kappa=0.32ā0.44). Clinically significant
disagreement was present between academic and communitybased
physicians (Kappa=0.11ā0.56). Community physicians were more
likely to assign a final diagnosis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
compared with academic physicians.
Conclusions: Significant disagreement exists in the diagnosis of
DPLD between physicians based in communities compared with
those in academic centers. Wherever possible, patients should be
referred to centers with expertise in diffuse parenchymal lung disorders
to help clarify the diagnosis and provide suggestions regarding
treatment options.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/91941/1/2007 AJRCCM Idiopathic interstitial pneumonia - Do community and academic physicians agree on diagnosis.pd
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