516 research outputs found
User's guide for the Total-Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) instrument first year ozone T data set
The TOMS experiment and algorithms are described. Detailed information on the data available on computer tape is provided
User's guide for SBUV/TOMS ozone derivative products
A series of products are available derived from the total-ozone and ozone vertical profile results for the Solar Backscattered Ultraviolet/Total-Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (SBUV/TOMS) Nimbus-7 operation. Products available are (1) orbital height-latitude cross sections of the SBUV profile data, (2) daily global total ozone contours in polar coordinates, (3) daily averages of total ozone in global 5x5 degree latitude-longitude grid, (4) daily, monthly and quarterly averages of total ozone and profile data in 10 degree latitude zones, (5) tabular presentation of zonal means, (6) daily global total ozone and profile contours in polar coordinates. The ""Derivative Products User's Guide'' describes each of these products in detail, including their derivation and presentation format. Information is provided on how to order the tapes and microfilm from the National Space Science Data Center
User's guide for the Solar Backscattered Ultraviolet (SBUV) instrument first year ozone-S data set
Total-ozone and ozone vertical profile results for Solar Backscattered Ultraviolet/Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (SBUV/TOMS) Nimbus 7 operation from November 1978 to November 1979 are available. The algorithm used have been thoroughly tested, the instrument performance has been examined in details, and the ozone results have been compared with Dobson, Umkehr, balloon, and rocket observations. The accuracy and precision of the satellite ozone data are good to at least within the ability of the ground truth to check and are self-consistent to within the specifications of the instrument. The 'SBUV User's Guide' describes the SBUV experiment and algorithms used. Detailed information on the data available on computer tape is provided including how to order tapes from the National Space Science Data Center
Stochastic semi-continuous simulation for extreme flood estimation in catchments with combined rainfall–snowmelt flood regimes
Simulation methods for extreme flood estimation represent an important
complement to statistical flood frequency analysis because a spectrum of
catchment conditions potentially leading to extreme flows can be assessed. In
this paper, stochastic, semi-continuous simulation is used to estimate
extreme floods in three catchments located in Norway, all of which are
characterised by flood regimes in which snowmelt often has a significant
role. The simulations are based on SCHADEX, which couples a precipitation
probabilistic model with a hydrological simulation such that an exhaustive
set of catchment conditions and responses is simulated. The precipitation
probabilistic model is conditioned by regional weather patterns, and a
bottom–up classification procedure was used to define a set of weather
patterns producing extreme precipitation in Norway. SCHADEX estimates for the
1000-year (Q1000) discharge are compared with those of several standard
methods, including event-based and long-term simulations which use a single
extreme precipitation sequence as input to a hydrological model, statistical
flood frequency analysis based on the annual maximum series, and the GRADEX
method. The comparison suggests that the combination of a precipitation
probabilistic model with a long-term simulation of catchment conditions,
including snowmelt, produces estimates for given return periods which are
more in line with those based on statistical flood frequency analysis, as
compared with the standard simulation methods, in two of the catchments. In
the third case, the SCHADEX method gives higher estimates than statistical
flood frequency analysis and further suggests that the seasonality of the
most likely Q1000 events differs from that of the annual maximum flows. The
semi-continuous stochastic simulation method highlights the importance of
considering the joint probability of extreme precipitation, snowmelt rates
and catchment saturation states when assigning return periods to floods
estimated by precipitation-runoff methods. The SCHADEX methodology, as
applied here, is dependent on observed discharge data for calibration of a
hydrological model, and further study to extend its application to ungauged
catchments would significantly enhance its versatility
User's guide for the Solar Backscattered Ultraviolet (SBUV) and the Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) RUT-S and RUT-T data sets: October 31, 1978 to November 1, 1980
Raw data from the Solar Backscattered Ultrviolet/Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (SBUV/TOMS) Nimbus 7 operation are available on computer tape. These data are contained on two separate sets of RUTs (Raw Units Tapes) for SBUV and TOMS, labelled RUT-S and RUT-T respectively. The RUT-S and RUT-T tapes contain uncalibrated radiance and irradiance data, housekeeping data, wavelength and electronic calibration data, instrument field-of-view location and solar ephemeris information. These tapes also contain colocated cloud, terrain pressure and snow/ice thickness data, each derived from an independent source. The "RUT User's Guide" describes the SBUV and TOMS experiments, the instrument calibration and performance, operating schedules, and data coverage, and provides an assessment of RUT-S and -T data quality. It also provides detailed information on the data available on the computer tapes
Automated detection of bacteria in urine
A method for detecting the presence of bacteria in urine was developed which utilizes the bioluminescent reaction of adenosine triphosphate with luciferin and luciferase derived from the tails of fireflies. The method was derived from work on extraterrestrial life detection. A device was developed which completely automates the assay process
On fundamental domains and volumes of hyperbolic Coxeter-Weyl groups
We present a simple method for determining the shape of fundamental domains
of generalized modular groups related to Weyl groups of hyperbolic Kac-Moody
algebras. These domains are given as subsets of certain generalized upper half
planes, on which the Weyl groups act via generalized modular transformations.
Our construction only requires the Cartan matrix of the underlying
finite-dimensional Lie algebra and the associated Coxeter labels as input
information. We present a simple formula for determining the volume of these
fundamental domains. This allows us to re-produce in a simple manner the known
values for these volumes previously obtained by other methods.Comment: v2: to be published in Lett Math Phys (reference added, typo
corrected
ĂŤndices de sĂtios para Hovenia dulcis Thunberg na regiĂŁo central do estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil.
Este trabalho teve como objetivo construir curvas Ăndice de sĂtios florestais, a partir da altura dominante e idade, de populações localizadas na regiĂŁo central do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Para tanto, foram utilizadas informações de trĂŞs povoamentos (sĂtios) com idades de 25 anos, localizados na Fundação de Pesquisa Agropecuária (FEPAGRO). Para classificar os sĂtios florestais, coletaram-se informações de 18 árvores dominantes nos locais, observando a metodologia para análise de tronco. Na construção das curvas de Ăndice de sĂtio, foi o selecionado o modelo de Backman, ficando constatada a necessidade da construção de dois conjuntos de curvas, com intervalo de 2 m, da idade de 5 a 25 anos, com idade Ăndice de 25 anos. Para o SĂtio I-A, foram geradas 3 curvas Ăndices, de 22 a 24 m e, para os SĂtios I-B+II+III, 6 curvas Ăndices de 8 a 18 m
Ambient Pressure XPS Study of Mixed Conducting Perovskite-type SOFC Cathode and Anode Materials under Well-Defined Electrochemical Polarization
The oxygen exchange activity of mixed conducting oxide surfaces has been widely investigated, but a detailed understanding of the corresponding reaction mechanisms and the rate-limiting steps is largely still missing. Combined in situ investigation of electrochemically polarized model electrode surfaces under realistic temperature and pressure conditions by near-ambient pressure (NAP) XPS and impedance spectroscopy enables very surface-sensitive chemical analysis and may detect species that are involved in the rate-limiting step. In the present study, acceptor-doped perovskite-type La0.6Sr0.4CoO3-δ (LSC), La0.6Sr0.4FeO3-δ (LSF), and SrTi0.7Fe0.3O3-δ (STF) thin film model electrodes were investigated under well-defined electrochemical polarization as cathodes in oxidizing (O2) and as anodes in reducing (H2/H2O) atmospheres. In oxidizing atmosphere all materials exhibit additional surface species of strontium and oxygen. The polaron-type electronic conduction mechanism of LSF and STF and the metal-like mechanism of LSC are reflected by distinct differences in the valence band spectra. Switching between oxidizing and reducing atmosphere as well as electrochemical polarization cause reversible shifts in the measured binding energy. This can be correlated to a Fermi level shift due to variations in the chemical potential of oxygen. Changes of oxidation states were detected on Fe, which appears as FeIII in oxidizing atmosphere and as mixed FeII/III in H2/H2O. Cathodic polarization in reducing atmosphere leads to the reversible formation of a catalytically active Fe0 phase
COST 733 - WG4: Applications of weather type classification
The main objective of the COST Action 733 is to achieve a general numerical method for
assessing, comparing and classifying typical weather situations in the European regions. To
accomplish this goal, different workgroups are established, each with their specific aims:
WG1: Existing methods and applications (finished); WG2: Implementation and development of
weather types classification methods; WG3: Comparison of selected weather types
classifications; WG4: Testing methods for various applications.
The main task of Workgroup 4 (WG4) in COST 733 implies the testing of the selected weather
type methods for various classifications. In more detail, WG4 focuses on the following topics:•
Selection of dedicated applications (using results from WG1),
• Performance of the selected applications using available weather types provided by WG2,
• Intercomparison of the application results as a results of different methods
• Final assessment of the results and uncertainties,
• Presentation and release of results to the other WGs and external interested
• Recommend specifications for a new (common) method WG2
Introduction
In order to address these specific aims, various applications are selected and WG4 is divided in
subgroups accordingly:
1.Air quality
2. Hydrology (& Climatological mapping)
3. Forest fires
4. Climate change and variability
5. Risks and hazards
Simultaneously, the special attention is paid to the several wide topics concerning some other
COST Actions such as: phenology (COST725), biometeorology (COST730), agriculture (COST 734)
and mesoscale modelling and air pollution (COST728).
Sub-groups are established to find advantages and disadvantages of different classification
methods for different applications. Focus is given to data requirements, spatial and temporal
scale, domain area, specifi
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