75 research outputs found
Vasculo-neuronal coupling and neurovascular coupling at the neurovascular unit: impact of hypertension
Components of the neurovascular unit (NVU) establish dynamic crosstalk that regulates cerebral blood flow and maintain brain homeostasis. Here, we describe accumulating evidence for cellular elements of the NVU contributing to critical physiological processes such as cerebral autoregulation, neurovascular coupling, and vasculo-neuronal coupling. We discuss how alterations in the cellular mechanisms governing NVU homeostasis can lead to pathological changes in which vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cell, pericyte and astrocyte function may play a key role. Because hypertension is a modifiable risk factor for stroke and accelerated cognitive decline in aging, we focus on hypertension-associated changes on cerebral arteriole function and structure, and the molecular mechanisms through which these may contribute to cognitive decline. We gather recent emerging evidence concerning cognitive loss in hypertension and the link with vascular dementia and Alzheimer’s disease. Collectively, we summarize how vascular dysfunction, chronic hypoperfusion, oxidative stress, and inflammatory processes can uncouple communication at the NVU impairing cerebral perfusion and contributing to neurodegeneration.Fil: Presa, Jessica Lorena. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Instituto de BiologĂa y Medicina Experimental. FundaciĂłn de Instituto de BiologĂa y Medicina Experimental. Instituto de BiologĂa y Medicina Experimental; Argentina. Augusta University Medical Center. Medical College of Georgia; Estados UnidosFil: Saravia, Flavia Eugenia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Instituto de BiologĂa y Medicina Experimental. FundaciĂłn de Instituto de BiologĂa y Medicina Experimental. Instituto de BiologĂa y Medicina Experimental; ArgentinaFil: Bagi, Zsolt. Augusta University Medical Center. Medical College of Georgia; Estados UnidosFil: Filosa, Jessica A.. Augusta University Medical Center. Medical College of Georgia; Estados Unido
Hippocampal and cognitive alterations precede amyloid deposition in a mouse model of Alzheimer
Existen mĂşltiples evidencias de alteraciones neuronales y gliales en etapas avanzadas de la enfe-medad de Alzheimer con abundantes depĂłsitos cerebrales de beta amiloide, aunque hay pocos datos de cambios tempranos que podrĂan contribuir al desarrollo de la enfermedad. Evaluamos alteraciones morfolĂłgicas neuronales y gliales, y cambios cognitivos y emocionales tempranos en ratones transgĂ©nicos PDAPP-J20 (Tg), portadores del gen humano de APP (amyloid precursor protein) mutado, a los 5 meses de edad, aĂşn sin depĂłsitos amiloides en el hipocampo y con niveles bajos de pĂ©ptidos amiloides cerebrales. Mediante inmunohistoquĂmica para NeuN, los Tg presentaron menor nĂşmero de neuronas piramidales y granulares en el hipocampo, junto con un menor volumen de la estructura, en comparaciĂłn con los controles no transgĂ©nicos. La neurogĂ©nesis se encontrĂł afectada, evidenciada por reducido nĂşmero de neuronas DCX+ en el giro dentado. En la regiĂłn CA3, hubo una menor densidad de sinaptofisina sugiriendo alteraciones sinápticas entre neuronas granulares y piramidales, sin cambios en la densidad de espinas dendrĂticas en CA1. Utilizando microscopĂa confocal, observamos una disminuciĂłn del nĂşmero de astrocitos GFAP+ con una reducciĂłn de la complejidad celular, sugiriendo atrofia glial. Se detectĂł un dĂ©ficit cognitivo (reconocimiento de localizaciĂłn novedosa de un objeto) y un aumento de la ansiedad (campo abierto) en los Tg, con aumento en los nĂşcleos c-Fos+ en amĂgdala, evidenciando el papel de la emocionalidad en los inicios de la enfermedad. El estudio de las alteraciones iniciales en la enfermedad amiloide podrĂa contribuir al desarrollo de mĂ©todos de diagnĂłstico temprano y de terapĂ©utica preventiva.Although there is strong evidence about neuronal and glial disturbances at advanced stages of Alzheimer's disease, less attention has been directed to early, preamyloid changes that could contribute to the progression of the disease. We evaluated neuronal and glial morphological changes and behavioral disturbances in PDAPP-J20 transgenic (Tg) mice, carrying mutated human APP gene (amyloid precursor protein), at 5 months of age, before brain amyloid deposition occurs. Using NeuN immunohistochemistry we found decreased numbers of pyramidal and granular neurons in the hippocampus associated with a reduction of hippocampal volume in Tg mice compared with controls. Neurogenesis was impaired, evidenced by means of DCX immunohistochemistry in the dentate gyrus. In the CA3 region we found a decreased density of synaptophysin, suggesting synaptic disturbance, but no changes were found in CA1 synaptic spine density. Using confocal microscopy we observed decreased number and cell complexity of GFAP+ astrocytes, indicating potential glial atrophy. Cognitive impairment (novel location recognition test) and increased anxiety (open field) were detected in Tg mice, associated with more c-Fos+ nuclei in the amygdala, possibly indicating a role for emotionality in early stages of the disease. The study of early alterations in the course of amyloid pathology could contribute to the development of diagnostic and preventive strategiesFil: Beauquis, Juan. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Instituto de BiologĂa y Medicina Experimental. FundaciĂłn de Instituto de BiologĂa y Medicina Experimental. Instituto de BiologĂa y Medicina Experimental; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de QuĂmica BiolĂłgica; ArgentinaFil: Vinuesa, MarĂa Angeles. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de QuĂmica BiolĂłgica; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Instituto de BiologĂa y Medicina Experimental. FundaciĂłn de Instituto de BiologĂa y Medicina Experimental. Instituto de BiologĂa y Medicina Experimental; ArgentinaFil: Pomilio, Carlos Javier. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de QuĂmica BiolĂłgica; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Instituto de BiologĂa y Medicina Experimental. FundaciĂłn de Instituto de BiologĂa y Medicina Experimental. Instituto de BiologĂa y Medicina Experimental; ArgentinaFil: PavĂa, Patricio Roberto. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de QuĂmica BiolĂłgica; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Instituto de BiologĂa y Medicina Experimental. FundaciĂłn de Instituto de BiologĂa y Medicina Experimental. Instituto de BiologĂa y Medicina Experimental; ArgentinaFil: Saravia, Flavia Eugenia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Instituto de BiologĂa y Medicina Experimental. FundaciĂłn de Instituto de BiologĂa y Medicina Experimental. Instituto de BiologĂa y Medicina Experimental; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de QuĂmica BiolĂłgica; Argentin
Inflammation and insulin resistance as risk factors and potential therapeutic targets for Alzheimer’s disease
Overnutrition and modern diets containing high proportions of saturated fat are among the major factors contributing to a low-grade state of inflammation, hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia. In the last decades, the global rise of type 2 diabetes and obesity prevalence has elicited a great interest in understanding how changes in metabolic function lead to an increased risk for premature brain aging and the development of neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer?s disease (AD). Cognitive impairment and decreased neurogenic capacity could be a consequence of metabolic disturbances. In these scenarios, the interplay between inflammation and insulin resistance could represent a potential therapeutic target to prevent or ameliorate neurodegeneration and cognitive impairment. The present review aims to provide an update on the impact of metabolic stress pathways on AD with a focus on inflammation and insulin resistance as risk factors and therapeutic targets.Fil: Vinuesa, MarĂa Angeles. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Instituto de BiologĂa y Medicina Experimental. FundaciĂłn de Instituto de BiologĂa y Medicina Experimental. Instituto de BiologĂa y Medicina Experimental; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de QuĂmica BiolĂłgica; ArgentinaFil: Pomilio, Carlos Javier. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Instituto de BiologĂa y Medicina Experimental. FundaciĂłn de Instituto de BiologĂa y Medicina Experimental. Instituto de BiologĂa y Medicina Experimental; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de QuĂmica BiolĂłgica; ArgentinaFil: Gregosa Merlino, Amal Patricio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Instituto de BiologĂa y Medicina Experimental. FundaciĂłn de Instituto de BiologĂa y Medicina Experimental. Instituto de BiologĂa y Medicina Experimental; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de QuĂmica BiolĂłgica; ArgentinaFil: Bentivegna, Melisa InĂ©s MarĂa. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Instituto de BiologĂa y Medicina Experimental. FundaciĂłn de Instituto de BiologĂa y Medicina Experimental. Instituto de BiologĂa y Medicina Experimental; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de QuĂmica BiolĂłgica; ArgentinaFil: Presa, Jessica Lorena. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Instituto de BiologĂa y Medicina Experimental. FundaciĂłn de Instituto de BiologĂa y Medicina Experimental. Instituto de BiologĂa y Medicina Experimental; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de QuĂmica BiolĂłgica; ArgentinaFil: Bellotto, Melina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Instituto de BiologĂa y Medicina Experimental. FundaciĂłn de Instituto de BiologĂa y Medicina Experimental. Instituto de BiologĂa y Medicina Experimental; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de QuĂmica BiolĂłgica; ArgentinaFil: Saravia, Flavia Eugenia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Instituto de BiologĂa y Medicina Experimental. FundaciĂłn de Instituto de BiologĂa y Medicina Experimental. Instituto de BiologĂa y Medicina Experimental; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de QuĂmica BiolĂłgica; ArgentinaFil: Beauquis, Juan. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Instituto de BiologĂa y Medicina Experimental. FundaciĂłn de Instituto de BiologĂa y Medicina Experimental. Instituto de BiologĂa y Medicina Experimental; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de QuĂmica BiolĂłgica; Argentin
Glial alterations from early to late stages in a model of Alzheimer´s disease: evidence of autophagy involvement in Aβ internalization
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease without effective therapy. Brain amyloid deposits are classical histopathological hallmarks that generate an inflammatory reaction affecting neuronal and glial function. The identification of early cell responses and of brain areas involved could help to design new successful treatments. Hence, we studied early alterations of hippocampal glia and their progression during the neuropathology in PDAPP-J20 transgenic mice, AD model, at 3, 9, and 15 months (m) of age. At 3 m, before deposits formation, microglial Iba1+ cells from transgenic mice already exhibited signs of activation and larger soma size in the hilus, alterations appearing later on stratum radiatum. Iba1 immunohistochemistry revealed increased cell density and immunoreactive area in PDAPP mice from 9 m onward selectively in the hilus, in coincidence with prominent amyloid Congo red + deposition. At pre-plaque stages, GFAP+ astroglia showed density alterations while, at an advanced age, the presence of deposits was associated with important glial volume changes and apparently being intimately involved in amyloid degradation. Astrocytes around plaques were strongly labeled for LC3 until 15 m in Tg mice, suggestive of increased autophagic flux. Moreover, β-Amyloid fibrils internalization by astrocytes in in vitro conditions was dependent on autophagy. Co-localization of Iba1 with ubiquitin or p62 was exclusively found in microglia contacting deposits from 9 m onward, suggesting torpid autophagy. Our work characterizes glial changes at early stages of the disease in PDAPP-J20 mice, focusing on the hilus as an especially susceptible hippocampal subfield, and provides evidence that glial autophagy could play a role in amyloid processing at advanced stagesFil: Pomilio, Carlos Javier. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Instituto de BiologĂa y Medicina Experimental (i); Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de QuĂmica BiolĂłgica; ArgentinaFil: PavĂa, Patricio Roberto. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de QuĂmica BiolĂłgica; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Instituto de BiologĂa y Medicina Experimental (i); ArgentinaFil: Gorojod, Roxana Mayra. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de QuĂmica BiolĂłgica; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Oficina de CoordinaciĂłn Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de QuĂmica BiolĂłgica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; ArgentinaFil: Vinuesa, MarĂa Angeles. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Oficina de CoordinaciĂłn Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de FisiologĂa, BiologĂa Molecular y Neurociencias; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de QuĂmica BiolĂłgica; ArgentinaFil: Alaimo, Agustina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de QuĂmica BiolĂłgica; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Oficina de CoordinaciĂłn Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de QuĂmica BiolĂłgica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; ArgentinaFil: Galván, MarĂa VerĂłnica. University Of Texas; Estados UnidosFil: Kotler, Monica Lidia. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de QuĂmica BiolĂłgica; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de QuĂmica BiolĂłgica; ArgentinaFil: Beauquis, Juan. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de QuĂmica BiolĂłgica; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Instituto de BiologĂa y Medicina Experimental (i); ArgentinaFil: Saravia, Flavia Eugenia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Instituto de BiologĂa y Medicina Experimental (i); Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de QuĂmica BiolĂłgica; Argentin
People and jaguars: New insights into the role of social factors in an old conflict
Throughout its range in Latin America, the jaguar Panthera onca is threatened by habitat loss and fragmentation, and by conflict as a result of coexistence with people. This Near Threatened species is a top predator, and is often illegally hunted. Understanding people's attitudes and perceptions and the factors that could influence them is crucial for the conservation of this species. In this study we assess how knowledge, attitudes and perceptions among people in northern Argentina regarding jaguars vary depending on their level of education, age and occupation. We interviewed 810 people living in and around 10 protected areas in northern Argentina. Positive perceptions and attitudes towards the jaguar were associated with economic benefits that people may receive from the species' presence, such as income from tourism. Unexpectedly, higher levels of formal education were not associated with more positive attitudes and perceptions. Negative attitudes and perceptions towards the species were determined by fear; people see jaguars as a threat to their lives. This study shows that the socio-economic factors that affect the level of tolerance towards jaguars are not related only to economic losses. Our findings provide information for the design, implementation and evaluation of jaguar conservation projects in Argentina.Fil: Caruso, MarĂa Flavia. AdministraciĂłn de Parques Nacionales. DelegaciĂłn Regional del Noroeste; Argentina. Jaguares En El LĂmite; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Centro CientĂfico TecnolĂłgico Conicet - Salta; ArgentinaFil: Perovic, Pablo GastĂłn. Jaguares En El LĂmite; Argentina. AdministraciĂłn de Parques Nacionales. DelegaciĂłn Regional del Noroeste; ArgentinaFil: Tálamo, AndrĂ©s. Universidad Nacional de Salta; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Centro CientĂfico TecnolĂłgico Conicet - Salta. Instituto de Bio y Geociencias del NOA. Universidad Nacional de Salta. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales. Museo de Ciencias Naturales. Instituto de Bio y Geociencias del NOA; ArgentinaFil: Trigo, Carolina Beatriz. Universidad Nacional de Salta; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Centro CientĂfico TecnolĂłgico Conicet - Salta. Instituto de Bio y Geociencias del NOA. Universidad Nacional de Salta. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales. Museo de Ciencias Naturales. Instituto de Bio y Geociencias del NOA; ArgentinaFil: Andrade DĂaz, MarĂa S.. Universidad Nacional de Salta; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Centro CientĂfico TecnolĂłgico Conicet - Salta. Instituto de Bio y Geociencias del NOA. Universidad Nacional de Salta. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales. Museo de Ciencias Naturales. Instituto de Bio y Geociencias del NOA; ArgentinaFil: Marás, Gustavo Arnaldo. Universidad Nacional de Salta; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Centro CientĂfico TecnolĂłgico Conicet - Salta. Instituto de Bio y Geociencias del NOA. Universidad Nacional de Salta. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales. Museo de Ciencias Naturales. Instituto de Bio y Geociencias del NOA; ArgentinaFil: Saravia, Diego. Universidad Nacional de Salta; ArgentinaFil: Sillero-Zubiri, Claudio. University of Oxford; Reino Unido. The Recanati-Kaplan Centre; Reino Unido. Born Free Foundation; Reino UnidoFil: Altrichter, Mariana. Prescott college; Estados Unido
Periodic dietary restriction ameliorates amyloid pathology and cognitive impairment in PDAPP-J20 mice: Potential implication of glial autophagy
Dietary restriction promotes cell regeneration and stress resistance in multiple models of human diseases. One of the conditions that could potentially benefit from this strategy is Alzheimer´s disease, a chronic, progressive and prevalent neurodegenerative disease. Although there are no effective pharmacological treatments for this pathology, lifestyle interventions could play therapeutic roles. Our objectives were 1) to evaluate the effects of dietary restriction on cognition, hippocampal amyloid deposition, adult neurogenesis and glial reactivity and autophagy in a mouse model of familial Alzheimer´s disease, and 2) to analyze the role of glial cells mediating the effects of nutrient restriction in an in vitro model. Therefore, we established a periodic dietary restriction protocol in adult female PDAPP-J20 transgenic mice for 6 weeks. We found that dietary restriction, not involving overall caloric restriction, attenuated cognitive deficits, amyloid pathology and microglial reactivity in transgenic mice when compared with ad libitum-fed transgenic animals. Also, transgenic mice showed an increase in the astroglial positive signal for LC3, an autophagy-associated protein. In parallel, hippocampal adult neurogenesis was decreased in transgenic mice whereas dietary-restricted transgenic mice showed a neurogenic status similar to controls. In vitro experiments showed that nutrient restriction decreased astroglial and, indirectly, microglial NFÎşB activation in response to amyloid β peptides. Furthermore, nutrient restriction was able to preserve astroglial autophagic flux and to decrease intracellular amyloid after exposure to amyloid β peptides. Our results suggest neuroprotective effects of nutrient restriction in Alzheimer´s disease, with modulation of glial activation and autophagy being potentially involved pathways.Fil: Gregosa, Amal. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y BioquĂmica; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Instituto de BiologĂa y Medicina Experimental. FundaciĂłn de Instituto de BiologĂa y Medicina Experimental. Instituto de BiologĂa y Medicina Experimental; ArgentinaFil: Vinuesa, MarĂa Angeles. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de QuĂmica BiolĂłgica; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Instituto de BiologĂa y Medicina Experimental. FundaciĂłn de Instituto de BiologĂa y Medicina Experimental. Instituto de BiologĂa y Medicina Experimental; ArgentinaFil: Todero, MarĂa Florencia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Instituto de Medicina Experimental. Academia Nacional de Medicina de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Medicina Experimental; ArgentinaFil: Pomilio, Carlos Javier. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de QuĂmica BiolĂłgica; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Instituto de BiologĂa y Medicina Experimental. FundaciĂłn de Instituto de BiologĂa y Medicina Experimental. Instituto de BiologĂa y Medicina Experimental; ArgentinaFil: Rossi, Soledad Paola. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Departamento de BioquĂmica Humana; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Instituto de BiologĂa y Medicina Experimental. FundaciĂłn de Instituto de BiologĂa y Medicina Experimental. Instituto de BiologĂa y Medicina Experimental; ArgentinaFil: Bentivegna, Melisa InĂ©s MarĂa. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de QuĂmica BiolĂłgica; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Instituto de BiologĂa y Medicina Experimental. FundaciĂłn de Instituto de BiologĂa y Medicina Experimental. Instituto de BiologĂa y Medicina Experimental; ArgentinaFil: Presa, Jessica. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Instituto de BiologĂa y Medicina Experimental. FundaciĂłn de Instituto de BiologĂa y Medicina Experimental. Instituto de BiologĂa y Medicina Experimental; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de QuĂmica BiolĂłgica; ArgentinaFil: Wenker, Shirley Denise. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Oficina de CoordinaciĂłn Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de Investigaciones BioquĂmicas de Buenos Aires. FundaciĂłn Instituto Leloir. Instituto de Investigaciones BioquĂmicas de Buenos Aires; ArgentinaFil: Saravia, Flavia Eugenia. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de QuĂmica BiolĂłgica; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Instituto de BiologĂa y Medicina Experimental. FundaciĂłn de Instituto de BiologĂa y Medicina Experimental. Instituto de BiologĂa y Medicina Experimental; ArgentinaFil: Beauquis, Juan. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Instituto de BiologĂa y Medicina Experimental. FundaciĂłn de Instituto de BiologĂa y Medicina Experimental. Instituto de BiologĂa y Medicina Experimental; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de QuĂmica BiolĂłgica; Argentin
Galectin-1 improves cognition and reduces amyloid-β deposits in an animal model of Alzheimer's disease possibly by modulating microglia phenotype and increasing Aβ clearance
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia associated with an imbalanced production and clearance of amyloid-β peptides (Aβ). Amyloid deposition and neuroinflammation are recognized hallmarks in AD, affecting mainly brain cortex and hippocampus, in addition to microvascular alterations and dysfunction of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). The glycan-binding protein galectin-1 (Gal1) modulates immune and endothelial cells in nervous system compartments, where a neuroprotective role was proposed in autoimmune encephalomyelitis. We study the impact of Gal1 on the cognitive and histopathological state of AD mice. We administered Gal1 (9 i.p. injections of 100 ug/dose) or vehicle during 3 weeks to 12 months-old PDAPPJ20 transgenic mice, or non-transgenic controls. The Gal1 treated group significantly improved cognitive response in the Novel Object Location Recognition test (p < 0.05). Amyloid+ area in the hippocampus was decreased by 53,5%. Microglia is actively involved in Aβ phagocytosis. Gal1 treatment induced a reduction in the microglial activation score employing morphological analysis in the dentate gyrus. The integrity of the BBB is essential to Aβ clearance via the glymphatic system but could be altered by perivascular Aβ deposits-mostly Aβ1–40. Using tomato lectin to label the hippocampal vasculature coupled with immunofluorescence against Aβ peptides, we found a 30% decrease of perivascular Aβ (p < 0.05) in Gal1 treated mice, without affecting vascular density, which could indicate augmented clearance. We are currently working to determine mice BBB integrity employing Evans Blue intravenous injections and exploring its permeability to cerebral parenchyma, and using an in vitro BBB model to determine whether Aβ1–40 alters it at non toxic concentrations. Human brain microvascular endothelial cells on a transwell membrane are used, monitored by Transendothelial Electrical Resistance (TEER) and permeability essays. We are also investigating possible protective effects of Gal1 on barrier's integrity.Fil: Presa, Jessica Lorena. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Instituto de BiologĂa y Medicina Experimental. FundaciĂłn de Instituto de BiologĂa y Medicina Experimental. Instituto de BiologĂa y Medicina Experimental; ArgentinaFil: Pomilio, Carlos Javier. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Instituto de BiologĂa y Medicina Experimental. FundaciĂłn de Instituto de BiologĂa y Medicina Experimental. Instituto de BiologĂa y Medicina Experimental; ArgentinaFil: Vinuesa, MarĂa Angeles. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Instituto de BiologĂa y Medicina Experimental. FundaciĂłn de Instituto de BiologĂa y Medicina Experimental. Instituto de BiologĂa y Medicina Experimental; ArgentinaFil: Bentivegna, Melisa InĂ©s MarĂa. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Instituto de BiologĂa y Medicina Experimental. FundaciĂłn de Instituto de BiologĂa y Medicina Experimental. Instituto de BiologĂa y Medicina Experimental; ArgentinaFil: Alaimo, Agustina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Oficina de CoordinaciĂłn Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de QuĂmica BiolĂłgica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de QuĂmica BiolĂłgica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; ArgentinaFil: Gregosa Merlino, Amal Patricio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Instituto de BiologĂa y Medicina Experimental. FundaciĂłn de Instituto de BiologĂa y Medicina Experimental. Instituto de BiologĂa y Medicina Experimental; ArgentinaFil: Beauquis, Juan. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Instituto de BiologĂa y Medicina Experimental. FundaciĂłn de Instituto de BiologĂa y Medicina Experimental. Instituto de BiologĂa y Medicina Experimental; ArgentinaFil: Kwang, Sik Kim. University Johns Hopkins; Estados UnidosFil: Rabinovich, Gabriel Adrián. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Instituto de BiologĂa y Medicina Experimental. FundaciĂłn de Instituto de BiologĂa y Medicina Experimental. Instituto de BiologĂa y Medicina Experimental; ArgentinaFil: Saravia, Flavia Eugenia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Instituto de BiologĂa y Medicina Experimental. FundaciĂłn de Instituto de BiologĂa y Medicina Experimental. Instituto de BiologĂa y Medicina Experimental; ArgentinaThe 10th International Brain Research Organization (IBRO) World Congress of NeuroscienceDaeguCorea del SurInternational Brain Research OrganizationKorea Brain Research InstituteThe Korean Society for Brain and Neural Science
AUTORDER: Software para optimizar los tiempos de espera en las pollerĂas
Autorder es un proyecto que nace con la finalidad de optimizar los tiempos de espera en las pollerĂas. Es un software ERP capaz de resolver problemas en la atenciĂłn de los clientes a travĂ©s de un menĂş virtual con mĂşltiples funciones que irán acelerando el ritmo en las operaciones y sobre todo porque se brindará una nueva experiencia tecnolĂłgica.
La TI en el Perú viene en gran crecimiento y cada vez son más las empresas que buscan automatizar sus procesos, sobre todo en estos tiempos de coyuntura sanitaria que han visto la manera de poder seguir desarrollándose empresarialmente.
Es por ello que, frente a esa necesidad fue necesario validar la problemática existente en el rubro de las pollerĂas y en base a ello poder desarrollar un producto que estĂ© alineado al perfil del cliente como tambiĂ©n distintas estrategias de marketing que garanticen el diseño del producto, el precio, la promociĂłn y su distribuciĂłn.
Y esto no serĂa posible sin un plan de operaciones que establezcan polĂticas de trabajo, el lugar estratĂ©gico para el desarrollo del proyecto, el diseño de cada puesto de trabajo para lograr aprovechar al máximo su capacidad de producciĂłn segĂşn la estructura organizacional.
Finalmente, se propuso un plan económico y financiero que establezca la inversión inicial necesaria para poner en marcha el proyecto y en base a las proyecciones de venta, los costos de venta y los gastos que incurrirá la empresa durante el desarrollo de sus actividades, conocer la viabilidad del negocio.Autorder is a project born with the purpose of optimizing waiting times in poultry stores. It is an ERP software capable of solving problems in customer service through a virtual menu with multiple functions that will accelerate the pace of operations and above all because it will provide a new technological experience.
IT in Peru is growing rapidly and more and more companies are looking to automate their processes, especially in these times of health crisis that have seen the way to continue developing their business.
That is why, facing this need, it was necessary to validate the existing problems in the poultry industry and based on this to develop a product that is aligned to the customer profile as well as different marketing strategies to ensure product design, price, promotion, and distribution.
And this would not be possible without an operations plan that establishes work policies, the strategic location for the development of the project, the design of each work station in order to make the most of its production capacity according to the organizational structure.
Finally, an economic and financial plan was proposed to establish the initial investment needed to start up the project and, based on the sales projections, the sales costs, and the expenses that the company will incur during the development of its activities, to know the viability of the business.Trabajo de investigaciĂł
Desenvolvimento de estratégias terapêuticas baseadas em esteroides neuroativos e neuroesteroides para o tratamento de neuropatologias experimentais
Los esteroides activos en el sistema nervioso ("neuroactivos") ejercen actividades neuroprotectoras o neurotĂłxicas, dependiendo de su estructura quĂmica, de las concentraciones circulantes o tisulares, del tipo de receptores intervinientes y de los mecanismos de señalizaciĂłn intracelular empleados. Estas propiedades han sido estudiadas en modelos animales de neuropatologĂas humanas. Bajo condiciones experimentales que remedan el traumatismo de la mĂ©dula espinal, dolor neuropático, esclerosis mĂşltiple y esclerosis lateral amiotrĂłfica, el tratamiento con progesterona produjo beneficios terapĂ©uticos relacionados con la neuroprotecciĂłn, re-mielinizaciĂłn e inhibiciĂłn de la neuroinflamaciĂłn. Por otra parte, estudios realizados en animales hipertensos demuestran una pronunciada encefalopatĂa en cuya etiopatogenia interviene la hiperfunciĂłn del sistema mineralocorticoide, ya que similares anormalidades neuroquĂmicas aparecen en animales normales tratados con mineralocorticoides. Por consiguiente, la neurotoxicidad podrĂa ser consecuencia de la hi-peractividad del sistema mineralocorticoide. La encefalopatĂa de la hipertensiĂłn es similar a la de la diabetes mellitus y a la del cerebro añoso. En los tres casos, los estrĂłgenos actĂşan como agentes neuroprotectores, promoviendo la neurogĂ©ne-sis hipocampal, la expresiĂłn de factores neurotrĂłficos y disminuyendo la astrogliosis, confirmándose la plasticidad del sistema nervioso al estĂmulo estrogĂ©nico. Por consiguiente, el empleo de esteroides neuroactivos en modelos animales hace factible la transferencia a corto plazo de los resultados experimentales a la clĂnica humana.Steroids showing activity on the nervous system are known as "neuroactive steroids". They exert neuroprotective or neu-rotoxic activities, depending on their chemical structure, circulating or tissue concentrations, binding to different receptors and the mechanisms of intracellular signalling employed. In order to elucidate these properties, work was performed on animal models of human neuropathologies, including spinal cord injury, neuropathic pain, multiple sclerosis, and amy-otrophic lateral sclerosis. In these models, treatment with progesterone has shown great therapeutic effectiveness. In another set of studies, it was shown that hypertensive animals bear a pronounced encephalopathy, possibly caused by an overdrive of the mineralocorticoid system. It has been suggested that overdrive of the mineralocorticoid system plays a neurotoxic role, based on the development of similar brain abnormalities following mineralocorticoid treatment of otherwise normal animals. Hypertensive encephalopathy is similar to that developed by diabetes mellitus and aging animals. In the three cases, estrogen treatment provided strong neuroprotection, as shown by enhanced hippocampal neu-rogenesis, increased neurotrophic factor expression and decreased astrogliosis. Thus, the use of estrogens supports the regenerative capacity and plasticity of the nervous system. Therefore, animal models become useful tools to transfer experimental data to the human patient in the short-term.Os esteroides ativos no sistema nervoso ("neuroativos") exercem atividades neuroprotetoras ou neurotĂłxicas, de-pendendo de sua estrutura quĂmica, das concentrações circulantes ou tissulares, do tipo de receptores intervenientes e dos mecanismos de sinalização intracelular utilizados. Estas propriedades tĂŞm sido estudadas em modelos animais de neuropatologias humanas. Sob condições experimentais que remedam o traumatismo da medula espinal, dor neuro-pática, esclerose mĂşltipla e esclerose lateral amiotrĂłfica, o tratamento com progesterona produziu benefĂcios terapĂŞu-ticos relacionados com a neuroproteção, remielinização e ini-bição da neuroinflamação. Por outra parte, estudos realizados em animais hipertensos demonstram uma pronunciada encefalopatia em cuja etiopatogenia intervĂ©m a hiperfunção do sistema mineralocorticoide, visto que similares anormalidades neuroquĂmicas aparecem em animais normais tratados com mineralocorticoides. Por conseguinte, a neuroto-xicidade poderia ser consequĂŞncia da hiperatividade do sistema mineralocorticoide. A encefalopatia da hipertensĂŁo Ă© similar Ă da diabetes mellitus e Ă do cĂ©rebro idoso. Nos trĂŞs casos, os estrogĂŞnios atuam como agentes neuroprotetores, promovendo a neurogĂŞnese hipocampal, a expressĂŁo de fa-tores neurotrĂłficos e diminuindo a astrogliose, confirmando-se a plasticidade do sistema nervoso ao estĂmulo estrogĂŞnico. Por conseguinte, o emprego de esteroides neuroativos em modelos animais torna fatĂvel a transferĂŞncia em curto prazo dos resultados experimentais para a clĂnica humana.Fil: de Nicola, Alejandro Federico. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Instituto de BiologĂa y Medicina Experimental (i); ArgentinaFil: Beauquis, Juan. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Instituto de BiologĂa y Medicina Experimental (i); ArgentinaFil: Coronel, Maria Florencia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Instituto de BiologĂa y Medicina Experimental (i); ArgentinaFil: Garay, Laura Ines. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Instituto de BiologĂa y Medicina Experimental (i); ArgentinaFil: Gonzalez Deniselle, Maria Claudia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Instituto de BiologĂa y Medicina Experimental (i); ArgentinaFil: Gonzalez, Susana Laura. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Instituto de BiologĂa y Medicina Experimental (i); ArgentinaFil: Labombarda, Maria Florencia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Instituto de BiologĂa y Medicina Experimental (i); ArgentinaFil: Pietranera, Luciana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Instituto de BiologĂa y Medicina Experimental (i); ArgentinaFil: Saravia, Flavia Eugenia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Instituto de BiologĂa y Medicina Experimental (i); ArgentinaFil: Meyer, Maria. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Instituto de BiologĂa y Medicina Experimental (i); ArgentinaFil: Gargiulo Monachelli, Gisella Mariana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Instituto de BiologĂa y Medicina Experimental (i); ArgentinaFil: Brocca, MarĂa Elvira. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Instituto de BiologĂa y Medicina Experimental (i); ArgentinaFil: Overveld, Lydia Van . Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Instituto de BiologĂa y Medicina Experimental (i); ArgentinaFil: Lima, Analia Ethel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Instituto de BiologĂa y Medicina Experimental (i); ArgentinaFil: Roig, Paulina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Instituto de BiologĂa y Medicina Experimental (i); Argentin
Short-Term Environmental Enrichment Enhances Adult Neurogenesis, Vascular Network and Dendritic Complexity in the Hippocampus of Type 1 Diabetic Mice
Background: Several brain disturbances have been described in association to type 1 diabetes in humans. In animal models, hippocampal pathological changes were reported together with cognitive deficits. The exposure to a variety of environmental stimuli during a certain period of time is able to prevent brain alterations and to improve learning and memory in conditions like stress, aging and neurodegenerative processes. Methodology/Principal Findings: We explored the modulation of hippocampal alterations in streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetic mice by environmental enrichment. In diabetic mice housed in standard conditions we found a reduction of adult neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus, decreased dendritic complexity in CA1 neurons and a smaller vascular fractional area in the dentate gyrus, compared with control animals in the same housing condition. A short exposure-10 days- to an enriched environment was able to enhance proliferation, survival and dendritic arborization of newborn neurons, to recover dendritic tree length and spine density of pyramidal CA1 neurons and to increase the vascular network of the dentate gyrus in diabetic animals. Conclusions/Significance: The environmental complexity seems to constitute a strong stimulator competent to rescue th
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