Assessment and mitigation strategies to counteract overheating in urban historical areas in Rome

As urban overheating is increasing, there is a strong public interest towards mitigation strategies to enhance comfortable urban spaces, for their role in supporting urban metabolism and social life. The study presents an assessment of the existing thermal comfort and usage of San Silvestro Square in Rome during the summer, and performs the simulation of cooling strategies scenarios, to understand their mitigation potential for renovation projects. The first stage concerns a field analysis of the thermal and radiative environment on the 1st and 2nd of August 2014, including meteorological measurements and unobtrusive observations, to understand how people experience and respond to extreme microclimate conditions. In the second stage, the research proposes scenario simulations on the same day to examine the influence of cool colored materials, trees and vegetative surfaces on thermal comfort. The thermal comfort assessment was based on Physiologically Equivalent Temperature (PET), whereas microclimatic simulations were conducted with CFD calculations (ENVImet v.4.3.1). The first stage shows a strong relationship between lower PET values and attendance rate, depending on daily shading patterns. The second stage shows a relevant improvement of thermal comfort, with PET values of 12 °C comparing to the no-intervention scenario, associated with a combination of cool materials and trees

Por uma categorização das técnicas esportivas: um diálogo entre Marcel Mauss e Georges Vigarello

 A história do corpo se impôs progressivamente na historiografia francesa, com publicações orientadas a discutir tal temática e tomá-la como objeto central de investigação. Apesar das mudanças nos estudos historiográficos, a história das técnicas corporais só mobilizou realmente os pesquisadores nos anos 1980. O objetivo do artigo é colocar em diálogo os apontamentos de Marcel Mauss, pioneiro nas investigações sobre as técnicas corporais, e de Georges Vigarello, que desenvolveu pesquisas historiográficas específicas sobre a temática. As discussões propostas por Mauss se estabeleceram de maneira bastante introdutória na antropologia, que, até a década de 1930, ainda não inseria o corpo como temática central de suas investigações. As categorias estabelecidas por Vigarello ampliam as anteriores, o que permitiu avaliar de maneira mais específica os avanços e evoluções das técnicas no âmbito esportivo. O grande valor de sua obra está, portanto, na síntese do tema e atualização das categorias, enriquecendo a reflexão. Conclui-se que não devemos descartar as definições elaboradas por Mauss, mas, identificar chaves analíticas para pensar o esporte, e, associando-as às categorias estabelecidas por Vigarello, investigar com mais precisão a evolução e transformação das técnicas esportivas.

Experimental Findings and Validation on Torsional Behaviour of Fibre-Reinforced Concrete Beams: A Review

Fibres have long been utilized in the construction sector to improve the mechanical qualities of structural elements such as beams, columns, and slabs. This study aims to review the torsional behaviour of various forms of fibre reinforced concrete to identify possible enhancements and the practicability of concrete structural beams. Concrete reinforced steel fibre, synthetic fibre, and hybrid fibre are examples of fibre reinforced concrete. The review found that the mixing, orientation, and volume of fibres, the size of coarse particles, the aspect ratio of fibres, and the stiffness of fibres all affect the torsional strength of fibre reinforced concrete. Nevertheless, the application of fibres to recycled self-consolidating concrete of various forms needs to be explored and studied to ascertain its feasibility to facilitate greener concrete. Thus, with the results compiled in this review paper, it was possible to delimit advances and gaps on the effect of editing reinforcement fibres in relation to the torsion of structural element

Prognostic and Predictive Role of Body Composition in Metastatic Neuroendocrine Tumor Patients Treated with Everolimus: A Real-World Data Analysis

Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are rare neoplasms frequently characterized by an up- regulation of the mammalian rapamycin targeting (mTOR) pathway resulting in uncontrolled cell proliferation. The mTOR pathway is also involved in skeletal muscle protein synthesis and in adipose tissue metabolism. Everolimus inhibits the mTOR pathway, resulting in blockade of cell growth and tumor progression. The aim of this study is to investigate the role of body composition in- dexes in patients with metastatic NETs treated with everolimus. The study population included 30 patients with well-differentiated (G1-G2), metastatic NETs treated with everolimus at the IRCCS Romagnolo Institute for the Study of Tumors (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, Meldola (FC), Italy. The body composition indexes (skeletal muscle index [SMI] and adipose tissue indexes) were assessed by measuring on a computed tomography (CT) scan the cross-sectional area at L3 at baseline and at the first radiological assessment after the start of treatment. The body mass index (BMI) was assessed at baseline. The median progression-free survival (PFS) was 8.9 months (95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.4–13.7 months). The PFS stratified by tertiles was 3.2 months (95% CI: 0.9–10.1 months) in patients with low SMI (tertile 1), 14.2 months (95% CI: 2.3 months-not estimable [NE]) in patients with intermediate SMI (tertile 2), and 9.1 months (95% CI: 2.7 months-NE) in patients with high SMI (tertile 3) (p = 0.039). Similarly, the other body composition indexes also showed a statistically significant difference in the three groups on the basis of tertiles. The median PFS was 3.2 months (95% CI: 0.9–6.7 months) in underweight patients (BMI 18.49 kg/m2) and 10.1 months (95% CI: 3.7–28.4 months) in normal-weight patients (p = 0.011). There were no significant differences in terms of overall survival. The study showed a correlation between PFS and the body composition indexes in patients with NETs treated with everolimus, underlining the role of adipose and muscle tissue in these patients

PERCEPÇÃO DA MASSOTERAPEUTA E DA MÃE SOBRE A INTERVENÇÃO DA MASSAGEM TUI NA COMO TERAPIA COMPLEMENTAR NA MELHORA DA SINTOMATOLOGIA DO TRANSTORNO DE DÉFICIT DE ATENÇÃO COM HIPERATIVIDADE: UM ESTUDO DE CASO

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a disorder characterized by inattention, restlessness, impulsivitythat can lead to emotional and relationship issues, as well as poor school performance. The treatment of children with ADHD involves a multiple approach, involving psychosocial and psychopharmacological interventions,and requires a coordinated effort among health professionals together with educators and parents. The aim of this study was to analyse the massage therapist and mother’s perception about the effectiveness of Tui Na massage in a child’s behavior with ADHD. This is a descriptive case study with qualitative approach. Data were collected through a semistructured interview which was recorded, transcribed and subjected to content analysis. The massage was a way of complementary treatment important in improving ADHD symptomatology,letting the child calmer, more relaxed, focused and sociable, improving his family and social relationship. It is believed that the touch provided by massage technique has been a major tool to create a link between therapist and child-family-school by strengthening the necessary trust for the establishment of positive social relationship.O Transtorno de Déficit de Atenção e Hiperatividade (TDAH) é um distúrbiocaracterizado pela falta de atenção, agitação, impulsividade podendolevar a dificuldades emocionais e de relacionamento, bem como o baixo desempenho escolar. O tratamento de crianças com TDAH envolve uma abordagem múltipla, englobando intervenções psicossociais e psicofarmacológicas,e exige um esforço coordenado, entre os profissionais da área da saúde em conjunto com educadores e pais. O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar a percepção da massoterapeuta e da mãe sobre o comportamento de uma criança com TDAH do tipo desatento, após a participação da criança nas sessões de massagem Tui Na. Trata-se de um estudo de caso, descritivo com abordagem qualitativa. Os dados foram coletados por meio de uma entrevista semiestruturada que foi gravada e transcrita posteriormente, sendo submetidos a análise de conteúdo. A massagem foi uma forma de tratamento complementar importante na melhora da sintomatologia do TDAH, deixando a criança mais calma, relaxada,concentrada e sociável, melhorando o seu relacionamento familiare social. Acredita-se que o toque proporcionado por meio da técnica de massagem tenha sido uma das principais ferramentas para a criação de vínculo entre terapeuta-criança-família-escola, fortalecendo a confiançanecessária para o estabelecimento das relações sociais positivas

MOTIVOS RELACIONADOS AO ATRASO DO ESQUEMA VACINAL EM CRIANÇAS DO MUNICÍPIO DE CANOAS/RS

Introduction: Vaccination is the safest means of preventing vaccine-preventable diseases, in addition, it has a low cost compared to the treatment of these diseases. It is estimated that every year, around two million child deaths occur worldwide as a result of preventable diseases. Based on this, knowing the reasons for the delay in the child's vaccination schedule is necessary. Objective: To describe the perception of professional nursing technicians in the vaccination room in relation to the statements of parents/guardians about the delay in the child's vaccination schedule. Method: This is a descriptive quantitative research. Data collection was carried out with 129 nursing technicians from the basic health network of Canoas, during the Training in Vaccine Room, promoted by PET-Interprofessional Health, on the premises of ULBRA/Canoas, in October 2019. The instrument used brought identification data and a guiding question: What were the justifications of the parents or guardians, in the vaccination room, in relation to the child's immunization delay? The open question was answered in a group of 3 to 4 professionals. Results: 256 responses were obtained, among the most relevant reasons are: the child's illness and hospitalization; the responsible person works and cannot take the child to the unit; he forgot to look at the due date and the loss of his vaccination card. Conclusion: Taking into account that the child is a dependent being, parents and guardians have a fundamental role in the care of their children's health, as well as the responsibility in the face of illness.Introducción: La vacunación es el medio más seguro de prevención de enfermedades prevenibles, además, tiene un bajo costo en comparación con el tratamiento de estas enfermedades. Se estima que cada año, alrededor de dos millones de muertes infantiles ocurren en todo el mundo debido a enfermedades prevenibles. En base a esto, es necesario conocer las razones del retraso en el calendario de vacunación del niño. Objetivo: Describir la percepción de los técnicos de enfermería, desde la sala de vacunación, en relación con las declaraciones de los padres/tutores sobre el retraso en el calendario de vacunación del niño. Método: Se trata de una investigación cuantitativa descriptiva. La recolección de datos se realizó con los 129 técnicos de enfermería de la red básica de salud de Canoas durante la Capacitación en la Sala de Vacunación, promovida por PET-Saúde Interprofissional, en las instalaciones de ulbra/canoas, en octubre de 2019. El instrumento utilizado trajo datos de identificación y, una pregunta guía: ¿Cuáles fueron las justificaciones de los padres o tutores, en la sala de vacunación, con respecto al retraso de la vacunación del niño? La pregunta abierta fue respondida en un grupo de 3 a 4 profesionales. Resultados: Se obtuvieron un total de 256 respuestas, entre las razones más relevantes: enfermedad y hospitalización del niño; el tutor trabaja y no hay forma de llevar al niño a la unidad; olvidé mirar la fecha ordenada y la pérdida de la tarjeta de vacunación. Introdução: A vacinação é um meio seguro de prevenção de doenças imunopreveníveis e têm um baixo custo em comparação ao tratamento destas doenças. Tem se registrado anualmente milhões de óbitos infantis no mundo em decorrência de doenças passíveis de prevenção. Com base nisso, conhecer os motivos do atraso no esquema vacinal da criança é necessário. Objetivo: Descrever a percepção dos profissionais técnicos de enfermagem, das salas de vacinas, em relação as falas dos pais/responsáveis a respeito do atraso no esquema vacinal da criança. Método: Trata-se de pesquisa quantitativa e descritiva. A coleta de dados foi realizada com os 129 técnicos de enfermagem, da rede básica de saúde de Canoas, durante a Capacitação em Sala de Vacinas, promovida pelo PET-Saúde Interprofissional, nas dependências da ULBRA/Canoas, em outubro de 2019. O instrumento usado trouxe dados de identificação e, uma questão norteadora: Quais foram as justificativas dos pais ou responsáveis, na sala de vacinas, em relação ao atraso vacinal da criança? A questão aberta foi respondida em grupo de 3 a 4 profissionais. Resultados: Foram obtidas 256 respostas, dentre os motivos mais relevantes está: o adoecimento e hospitalização da criança; o responsável trabalha e não tem como levar a criança até a unidade; esqueceu-se de olhar a data aprazada e a perda da carteira de vacinação. Conclusão: Levando em consideração que a criança é um ser dependente, os pais e responsáveis tem papel fundamental no cuidado à saúde de seus filhos, bem como, a responsabilidade diante do adoecimento.  

Malaria in pregnancy regulates P‐glycoprotein (P‐gp/ Abcb1a ) and ABCA1 efflux transporters in the Mouse Visceral Yolk Sac

Malaria in pregnancy (MiP) induces intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and preterm labour (PTL). However, its effects on yolk sac morphology and function are largely unexplored. We hypothesized that MiP modifies yolk sac morphology and efflux transport potential by modulating ABC efflux transporters. C57BL/6 mice injected with Plasmodium berghei ANKA (5 × 105 infected erythrocytes) at gestational day (GD) 13.5 were subjected to yolk sac membrane harvesting at GD 18.5 for histology, qPCR and immunohistochemistry. MiP did not alter the volumetric proportion of the yolk sac's histological components. However, it increased levels of Abcb1a mRNA (encoding P-glycoprotein) and macrophage migration inhibitory factor (Mif chemokine), while decreasing Abcg1 (P < 0.05); without altering Abca1, Abcb1b, Abcg2, Snat1, Snat2, interleukin (Il)-1β and C-C Motif chemokine ligand 2 (Ccl2). Transcripts of Il-6, chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 (Cxcl1), Glut1 and Snat4 were not detectible. ABCA1, ABCG1, breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) and P-gp were primarily immunolocalized to the cell membranes and cytoplasm of endodermic epithelium but also in the mesothelium and in the endothelium of mesodermic blood vessels. Intensity of P-gp labelling was stronger in both endodermic epithelium and mesothelium, whereas ABCA1 labelling increased in the endothelium of the mesodermic blood vessels. The presence of ABC transporters in the yolk sac wall suggests that this fetal membrane acts as an important protective gestational barrier. Changes in ABCA1 and P-gp in MiP may alter the biodistribution of toxic substances, xenobiotics, nutrients and immunological factors within the fetal compartment and participate in the pathogenesis of malaria-induced IUGR and PTL

Characteristics and patterns of care of endometrial cancer before and during COVID-19 pandemic

Objective: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak has correlated with the disruption of screening activities and diagnostic assessments. Endometrial cancer (EC) is one of the most common gynecological malignancies and it is often detected at an early stage, because it frequently produces symptoms. Here, we aim to investigate the impact of COVID-19 outbreak on patterns of presentation and treatment of EC patients. Methods: This is a retrospective study involving 54 centers in Italy. We evaluated patterns of presentation and treatment of EC patients before (period 1: March 1, 2019 to February 29, 2020) and during (period 2: April 1, 2020 to March 31, 2021) the COVID-19 outbreak. Results: Medical records of 5,164 EC patients have been retrieved: 2,718 and 2,446 women treated in period 1 and period 2, respectively. Surgery was the mainstay of treatment in both periods (p=0.356). Nodal assessment was omitted in 689 (27.3%) and 484 (21.2%) patients treated in period 1 and 2, respectively (p<0.001). While, the prevalence of patients undergoing sentinel node mapping (with or without backup lymphadenectomy) has increased during the COVID-19 pandemic (46.7% in period 1 vs. 52.8% in period 2; p<0.001). Overall, 1,280 (50.4%) and 1,021 (44.7%) patients had no adjuvant therapy in period 1 and 2, respectively (p<0.001). Adjuvant therapy use has increased during COVID-19 pandemic (p<0.001). Conclusion: Our data suggest that the COVID-19 pandemic had a significant impact on the characteristics and patterns of care of EC patients. These findings highlight the need to implement healthcare services during the pandemic