Highly Plasma Etch-Resistant Photoresist Composition Containing a Photosensitive Polymeric Titania Precursor

A composition is derived from an addition polymerizable organotitanium polymer which upon exposure to an oxygen plasma or baking in air, is converted to titanium dioxide (titania) or is converted to a mixed, titanium-containing metal oxide. The metal oxide formed in situ imparts etch- resistant action to a patterned photoresist layer. The composition may also be directly deposited and patterned into permanent metal oxide device features by a photolithographic process

W O Microemulsion Studies with Mono- and Dialkyl Amic Acid Surfactants

A series of new surfactants was prepared by reacting aromatic anhydrides and dianhydrides with long-chain amines to give mono- and bis-(N-alkylamic acids), which was then converted to water-soluble potassium salts. As an example, the reaction product of dodecyl amine and benzophenone tetracarboxylic dianhydride was neutralized with potassium hydroxide to form a surfactant. Two types of surfactants were synthesized and their structures are: A figure is presented The ability of the new surfactants to stabilize water-in-oil ( W O) microemulsions was examined by determining the pseudoternary component phase behavior of each material in combination with water, pentanol (cosurfactant), and benzene (oil). In general, the monofunctional surfactants could support higher water content microemulsions than those of the corresponding difunctional (bis) surfactants. Microemulsions prepared from the latter materials, however, were more stable to the addition of hydrocarbon. The structure of the parent three-component systems and the four-component microemulsions was probed by measuring the self-diffusion coefficients of water, cosurfactant, and oil at various levels of water and hydrocarbon. The diffusion coefficient measurements were consistent with an inverted to normal micelle transition occurring at high water levels. From inverted micellar solutions, the addition of benzene (up to 50%) formed closed W O structures. © 1990

Designing Polyurethane Solid Polymer Electrolytes for High-Temperature Lithium Metal Batteries

Potentially high-performance lithium metal cells in extreme high-temperature electrochemical environments is a challenging but attractive battery concept that requires stable and robust electrolytes to avoid severely limiting lifetimes of the cells. Here, the properties of tailored polyester and polycarbonate diols as the soft segments in polyurethanes are investigated and electrochemically evaluated for use as solid polymer electrolytes in lithium metal batteries. The polyurethanes demonstrate high mechanical stability against deformation at low flow rates and moreover at temperatures up above 100 degrees C, enabled by the hard urethane segments. The results further indicate transferrable ion transport properties of the pure polymers when incorporated as the soft segments in the polyurethanes, offering designing opportunities of the polyurethane by tuning the soft segment ratio and composition. Long-term electrochemical cycling of polyurethane-containing cells in lithium metal batteries at 80 degrees C proves the stability at elevated temperatures as well as the compatibility with lithium metal with stable cycling maintained after 2000 cycles

Monohydroxy-hydrazone-functionalized Thermally Crosslinked Polymers for Nonlinear Optics

The synthesis and properties of six hydrazone-functionalized crosslinked polymers possessing stable nonlinear optics (NLO) properties are presented. First, a series of six hydroxy-functionalized, NLO-active hydrazone chromophores were synthesized. These chromophores were then grafted via its hydroxy functionality on an epoxy polymer to obtain the six NLO-active soluble prepolymers. The grafting reaction yielded multiple secondary hydroxyl sites, which were used for further crosslinking by formulation of the prepolymer with a blocked polyisocyanate crosslinker. This formulation was spin-coated on glass slides to form 2-2.5 thick defect-free transparent films. The films were corona-poled above their glass-transition temperatures to align the chromophores in a noncentrosymmetric fashion and were simultaneously cured. The thermal characteristics of the second-order nonlinearity of the six polymers were compared to illustrate the key structure-property relationships underlying the performance of the films in terms of NLO activity and thermal stability. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 92: 770-781, 200