Iskorištenje pivarskog otpada za proizvodnju proteaze pomoću mliječno-kiselog vrenja

This study evaluated the use of three solid brewery wastes: brewer’s spent grain, hot trub and residual brewer’s yeast, as alternative media for the cultivation of lactic acid bacteria to evaluate their potential for proteolytic enzyme production. Initially, a mixture experimental design was used to evaluate the effect of each residue, as well as different mixtures (with the protein content set at 4 %) in the enzyme production. At predetermined intervals, the solid and liquid fractions were separated and the extracellular proteolytic activity was determined. After selecting the best experimental conditions, a second experiment, factorial experimental design, was developed in order to evaluate the protein content in the media (1 to 7 %) and the addition of fermentable sugar (glucose, 1 to 7 %). Among the wastes, residual yeast showed the highest potential for the production of extracellular enzymes, generating a proteolytic extract with 2.6 U/mL in 3 h. However, due to the low content of the fermentable sugars in the medium, the addition of glucose also had a positive effect, increasing the proteolytic activity to 4.9 U/mL. The best experimental conditions of each experimental design were reproduced for comparison, and the enzyme content was separated by ethanol precipitation. The best medium produced a precipitated protein with proteolytic activity of 145.5 U/g.U radu je ispitana mogućnost uporabe tri vrste čvrstog pivarskog otpada: pivskog tropa, toplog taloga i ostatka pivskog kvasca, kao podloga za uzgoj bakterija mliječno-kiselog vrenja, te je procijenjen njihov potencijal za proizvodnju proteolitičkih enzima. Prvo je upotrijebljen eksperimentalni plan slijedeći metodologiju dizajna smjese za procjenu utjecaja svake vrste otpada te njihovih smjesa s udjelom proteina od 4 % na proizvodnju enzima. U predodređenim vremenskim razmacima odvajane su kruta i tekuća komponenta, te je određena aktivnost izvanstaničnih proteolitičkih enzima. Nakon odabira najboljih uvjeta, u drugom je dijelu istraživanja razvijen faktorijalni plan pokusa za procjenu optimalnog udjela proteina u podlozi (od 1 do 7 %) i optimalnog dodatka fermentabilnih šećera (glukoze, od 1 do 7 %). Ostatak pivskog kvasca imao je najveći potencijal za proizvodnju izvanstaničnih enzima, a dobiveni proteolitički ekstrakt je za 3 sata imao aktivnost od 2,6 jedinica po mililitru. Međutim, dodatak glukoze je također imao pozitivan učinak zbog malog udjela fermentabilnih šećera u podlozi, povećavajući proteolitičku aktivnost na 4,9 jedinica po mililitru. Planovi pokusa su uspoređeni ponavljanjem najboljih uvjeta, a enzimi su odvojeni taloženjem pomoću etanola. Primjenom najbolje podloge proizveden je protein, koji je nakon taloženja imao proteolitičku aktivnost od 145,5 jedinica po gramu

ANALYSIS OF DISCRIMINATORY GAME VARIABLES BETWEEN WINNERS AND LOSERS IN WOMEN’S HANDBALL WORLD CHAMPIONSHIPS FROM 2007 TO 2017

The aim of this study was to identify game variables that discriminated winning from losing teams and to understand how these variables contributed to victory by observing goal differences in matches of the women’s handball world championships. The sample comprised 471 WCh’s games played between 2007 and 2017. The games were grouped into three clusters: balanced games – difference of 1-8 goals; unbalanced games – difference of 9-20 goals; and very unbalanced games – difference of > 20 goals. Generally, the performance of winning teams was significantly higher (in most variables), or lower in the case of the number of technical faults (p<.05). In the balanced games, there was a greater contribution of defensive variables (stolen balls, blocked throws, and goalkeeper’s efficiency indicators) in relation to attack variables (attack efficiency and throw efficiency indicators). For victory, the number of technical faults reduce the chances of winning. Games with the unbalanced and very unbalanced goal differences seem to follow the same tendency; however, in the very unbalanced games, there were more assists, yellow cards and 2-min suspensions. We concluded that the decisive variables for victory in the balanced games showed a greater weight, with a special emphasis on stolen balls followed by offensive variables (throw efficiency indicators, attack efficiency, and technical faults). There was an equal tendency for the games with unbalanced and very unbalanced outcomes

HER Family Receptors are Important Theranostic Biomarkers for Cervical Cancer: Blocking Glucose Metabolism Enhances the Therapeutic Effect of HER Inhibitors

Persistent HPV infection alone is not sufficient for cervical cancer development, which requires additional molecular alterations for tumor progression and metastasis ultimately leading to a lethal disease. In this study, we performed a comprehensive analysis of HER family receptor alterations in cervical adenocarcinoma. We detected overexpression of HER protein, mainly HER2, which was an independent prognostic marker for these patients. By using in vitro and in vivo approaches, we provided evidence that HER inhibitors, allitinib and lapatinib, were effective in reducing cervical cancer aggressiveness. Furthermore, combination of these drugs with glucose uptake blockers could overcome the putative HIF1-a-mediated resistance to HER-targeted therapies. Thus, we propose that the use of HER inhibitors in association with glycolysis blockers can be a potentially effective treatment option for HER-positive cervical cancer patients.FINEP (MCTI/FINEP/MS/SCTIE/DECIT-BIOPLAT (1302/13), Brazil and co-funded by the project “ON.2 SR&TD Integrated Program (NORTE-07-0124-FEDER-000017)” co-funded by Programa Operacional Regional do Norte (ON.2- O Novo Norte), Quadro de Referência Estratégico Nacional (QREN), through Fundo Europeu de Desenvolvimento Regional (FEDER). OM is recipient of a post-doc fellowship (SFRH/BPD/108351/2015) from Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT), Portugal. FC is recipient of a master fellowship (2014/03684-0) from Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP). VMG is recipient from a PhD fellowship (SFRH/BD/51997/2012) from Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT), Portugalinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Antioxidant and Biological Activity of <em>Cissus sicyoides</em> and <em>Rosmarinus officinalis</em> Extracts

This chapter will describe the antioxidant and biological activity of Cissus sicyoides and Rosmarinus officinalis leaf extracts, which represent an important natural source of antioxidants. These plants contain several bioactive compounds with high antioxidant activity, such as phenolic compounds, which are compounds that prevent or delay oxidative stress, acting as free radical scavengers (FRSs), and thus reduce the onset of cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, epilepsy, stroke, among other diseases. The supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) has been studied to obtain antioxidant compounds from natural sources, without the drawbacks associated with conventional extraction processes, such as the use of organic solvents, which present toxicity and contaminate the extracts, is proposed

Commercial and Therapeutic Potential of Plant-Based Fatty Acids

This chapter reviews plant-based fatty acids as well as their methods of production, applications in the industry, and benefits in treatments of cardiovascular and cerebral diseases, besides being a source of food. The fatty acids obtained from vegetable matrices have been acting as alternatives to the use of lipids of animal origin, due to their limitation in relation to the increase in demand. Thus, plants have been investigated in order to act as sources of fatty acids and assist in the supply of such demands. Vegetable oils represent not only an economical alternative but also a beneficial source of human health

Clinical and microbiological characteristics of patients colonized or infected by Stenotrophomonas maltophilia: is resistance to sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim a problem?

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia has emerged as an important opportunistic pathogen in the last decade. Increased resistance to sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (SMX/TMP) has been reported in S. maltophilia strains in the past few years, leading to few therapeutic options. We conducted a prospective multicenter study at two Brazilian teaching hospitals that identified S. maltophilia isolates and evaluated their antimicrobial susceptibility profile, SMX/TMP resistance genes and their clonality profile. A total of 106 non-repeated clinical samples of S. maltophilia were evaluated. Resistance to SMX/TMP was identified in 21.6% of the samples, and previous use of SMX/TMP occurred in 19 (82.6%). PCR detected the sul1 gene in 14 of 106 strains (13.2%). Of these isolates, nine displayed resistance to SMX/TMP. The resistant strains presented a polyclonal profile. This opportunistic pathogen has emerged in immunocompromised hosts, with few therapeutic options, which is aggravated by the description of emerging resistance mechanisms, although with a polyclonal distribution profile

Supercritical fluid extraction of murici leaves (Byrsonima crassifolia): Global yield, total phenolic compounds, antioxidant activity, and linear correlations / Extracção de fluido supercrítico de folhas de murici (Byrsonima crassifolia): Rendimento global, compostos fenólicos totais, actividade antioxidante, e correlações lineares

The objective of this study was to obtain extracts from Byrsonima crassifolia leaves by supercritical CO2 (CO2-SFE) in order to determine the experimental data, global yield isotherms, total phenolic compounds, antioxidant activity, and linear correlations. Moisture, particle diameter, apparent and true density, bed porosity, and morphological characterization of murici leaves were analyzed. CO2-SFE was conducted at 313.15 K–323.15 K, and at 10 MPa to 30 MPa. The bed parameters agreed with those used in CO2-SFE, and the particles presented irregular flat shape. The isotherms showed an inflection point, and the highest global yield was obtained at 323.15 K and 30 MPa (1.24% d.b.). The highest values of phenolic compounds (68.85 mg GAE/g d.b.) and antioxidant activity (174.35 μM trolox/g d.b.) were obtained at 313.15 K and 30 MPa, in which a strong positive linear relationship was observed between these responses

Efeito de orientações sobre a coleta domiciliar de leite humano: um estudo de intervenção/ Effect of guidelines on a household collection of human milk: an intervention study

Objetivos: Verificar o efeito de orientações domiciliares sobre a coleta de leite humano destinado à doação. Métodos: Estudo quase-experimental com desenho do tipo de série de tempo interrompida, com abordagem quantitativa, realizado no período de junho a agosto de 2018 nos domicílios de 14 doadoras registradas no Banco de Leite Humano do município de Maracanaú-CE. A avaliação do conhecimento das lactantes ocorreu em duas etapas, pré e pós-intervenção mediante orientações realizadas sobre a temática em questão. Os dados foram compilados no Epi Info versão 7.0. Resultados: Observou-se redução de erros no que envolve os procedimentos de ordenha, coleta, preparo dos frascos e armazenamento do leite no domicilio e aumento de acertos no número de questões sobre a temática na avaliação pós-intervenção. Não foi observada redução do nível de conhecimento na segunda avaliação. Conclusões: Evidenciou-se impacto positivo das orientações realizadas no domicílio mediante apreensão de conhecimentos e mudanças de hábitos pelas doadoras

Efeito de orientações sobre a coleta domiciliar de leite humano: um estudo de intervenção / Effect of guidelines on a household collection of human milk: an intervention study

Objetivos: Verificar o efeito de orientações domiciliares sobre a coleta de leite humano destinado à doação. Métodos: Estudo quase-experimental com desenho do tipo de série de tempo interrompida, com abordagem quantitativa, realizado no período de junho a agosto de 2018 nos domicílios de 14 doadoras registradas no Banco de Leite Humano do município de Maracanaú-CE. A avaliação do conhecimento das lactantes ocorreu em duas etapas, pré e pós-intervenção mediante orientações realizadas sobre a temática em questão. Os dados foram compilados no Epi Info versão 7.0. Resultados: Observou-se redução de erros no que envolve os procedimentos de ordenha, coleta, preparo dos frascos e armazenamento do leite no domicilio e aumento de acertos no número de questões sobre a temática na avaliação pós-intervenção. Não foi observada redução do nível de conhecimento na segunda avaliação. Conclusões: Evidenciou-se impacto positivo das orientações realizadas no domicílio mediante apreensão de conhecimentos e mudanças de hábitos pelas doadoras