8,509 research outputs found
The Story of ‘Hoffman Plastic Compounds v. NLRB’: Labor Rights Without Remedies for Undocumented Immigrants
In Hoffman Plastic Compounds v. NLRB, 535 U.S. 137 (2002), the United States Supreme Court held that undocumented workers are not entitled to remedies for violations of their rights to unionize under the National Labor Relations Act. The majority of the Court viewed enforcement of immigration policy prohibiting employment of undocumented workers as more important than protecting the labor rights of both undocumented workers and their U.S. citizen co-workers who join their efforts to improve working conditions. The chapter explores the origins of the case in a minimum-wage factory in Los Angeles, the surprising turn of events when the illegally fired worker blurted out on the witness stand that he was not a U.S. citizen, how the lawyer for the employer portrayed his client as being unaware of the worker\u27s undocumented status when the employee he had stated on the job application that he was not authorized to work in the U.S., and the closely-divided decisions at every level of judicial review in which judges disagreed strenuously how to reconcile immigration and labor policy. The chapter also explores the impact of the case on a wide variety of state and federal employment cases in which employers have argued that undocumented workers are unprotected by law
Dissipation of the sectored heliospheric magnetic field near the heliopause: a mechanism for the generation of anomalous cosmic rays
The recent observations of the anomalous cosmic ray (ACR) energy spectrum as
Voyagers 1 and 2 crossed the heliospheric termination shock have called into
question the conventional shock source of these energetic particles. We suggest
that the sectored heliospheric magnetic field, which results from the flapping
of the heliospheric current sheet, piles up as it approaches the heliopause,
narrowing the current sheets that separate the sectors and triggering the onset
of collisionless magnetic reconnection. Particle-in-cell simulations reveal
that most of the magnetic energy is released and most of this energy goes into
energetic ions with significant but smaller amounts of energy going into
electrons. The energy gain of the most energetic ions results from their
reflection from the ends of contracting magnetic islands, a first order Fermi
process. The energy gain of the ions in contracting islands increases their
parallel (to the magnetic field ) pressure until the
marginal firehose condition is reached, causing magnetic reconnection and
associated particle acceleration to shut down. The model calls into question
the strong scattering assumption used to derive the Parker transport equation
and therefore the absence of first order Fermi acceleration in incompressible
flows. A simple 1-D model for particle energy gain and loss is presented in
which the feedback of the energetic particles on the reconnection drive is
included. The ACR differential energy spectrum takes the form of a power law
with a spectral index slightly above 1.5. The model has the potential to
explain several key Voyager observations, including the similarities in the
spectra of different ion species.Comment: Submitted to ApJ; shortened abstract; degraded figure qualit
Electronic phase separation due to magnetic polaron formation in the semimetallic ferromagnet EuB - A weakly-nonlinear-transport study
We report measurements of weakly nonlinear electronic transport, as measured
by third-harmonic voltage generation , in the low-carrier density
semimetallic ferromagnet EuB, which exhibits an unusual magnetic ordering
with two consecutive transitions at \,K and \,K. Upon cooling in zero magnetic field through the ferromagnetic
transition, the dramatic drop in the linear resistivity at the upper transition
coincides with the onset of nonlinearity, and upon further cooling is
followed by a pronounced peak in at the lower transition
. Likewise, in the paramagnetic regime, a drop of the material's
magnetoresistance precedes a magnetic-field-induced peak in nonlinear
transport. A striking observation is a linear temperature dependence of
. We suggest a picture where at the upper transition
the coalescing MP form a conducting path giving rise to a strong
decrease in the resistance. The MP formation sets in at around \,K below which these entities are isolated and strongly fluctuating, while
growing in number. The MP then start to form links at , where
percolative electronic transport is observed. The MP merge and start forming a
continuum at the threshold . In the paramagnetic temperature regime
, MP percolation is induced by a magnetic field, and the
threshold accompanied by charge carrier delocalization occurs at a single
critical magnetization.Comment: to appear in J. Kor. Phys. Soc (ICM2012 conference contribution
Contributions to a Regenerated Social Science: A Review
By 1965, behavioral social science had become a widely accepted approach to the scientific study of man and his politics. Any uncertainty as to what constituted a proper social science seemed to be raised most deeply by writers acquainted with the nature of physical science which most social science methodology seemed desparately to emulate. Recent comments by Nobel physicist Hideki Yukawa seem to indicate that little has changed in the physicist's scientific method in the last ten years and it would appear to be time to review those theories which prompted some radical reconsideration of the nature of both natural and social science over the last decade. The ideas which seem to lead to such a reconsideration include Werner Heisenberg's principle of uncertainty — that the observer's attempt to pin-point one phenomenon in nature disrupts or interferes with closely related phenomena; and Niels Bohr's principle of complimentarity where two seemingly different or contradictory theories when taken together offer a more complete understanding of a given phenomenon in the physical world. Michael Polanyi's notions of "tacit knowledge"and "indwelling" indicate that "we know more than we can tell" and that our view of isolated and detailed aspects of reality are rooted in a "prior knowledge"or even "involvement" in a larger whole. The capability of seeing or sharing in such larger wholes has been considered by humanistic psychologist Abraham Maslow as a measure of the scientist's maturity. A social scientist is open to more when he is a healthy person. Empathy, participation and man's purposefulness are the three human characteristics considered in this paper all of which seem to appear as the crux of a science of man by which all science must reinterpret its own methodology. To so interpret such characteristics rather than tailoring them to fit existing physical and behavioral scientific method and theory is to put certain ethical and political responsibilities of the social scientist at the very center of the nature, method and theory of our understanding of man and the science of man. The theories of Heisenberg, Bohr, Polanyi and Maslow support such a radical reinterpretation and the conclusion of the paper is that such a reinterpretation does not so much redefine social science in the light of natural science, but puts a reconsideration of the nature of man and science at center stage, so that a total regeneration of all science may be possible
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