82 research outputs found
The Report of the American Heart Association Task Force on Strategies to Increase Federal Research Funding
Anxiety is associated with diminished exercise performance and quality of life in severe emphysema: a cross-sectional study
Background: Anxiety in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is associated with selfreported
disability. The purpose of this study is to determine whether there is an association between anxiety and
functional measures, quality of life and dyspnea.
Methods: Data from 1828 patients with moderate to severe emphysema enrolled in the National Emphysema
Treatment Trial (NETT), collected prior to rehabilitation and randomization, were used in linear regression models to
test the association between anxiety symptoms, measured by the Spielberger State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI)
and: (a) six-minute walk distance test (6 MWD), (b) cycle ergometry peak workload, (c) St. Georges Respiratory
Questionnaire (SRGQ), and (d) UCSD Shortness of Breath Questionnaire (SOBQ), after controlling for potential
confounders including age, gender, FEV1 (% predicted), DLCO (% predicted), and the Beck Depression Inventory
(BDI).
Results: Anxiety was significantly associated with worse functional capacity [6 MWD (B = -0.944, p < .001),
ergometry peak workload (B = -.087, p = .04)], quality of life (B = .172, p < .001) and shortness of breath (B = .180,
p < .001). Regression coefficients show that a 10 point increase in anxiety score is associated with a mean decrease
in 6 MWD of 9 meters, a 1 Watt decrease in peak exercise workload, and an increase of almost 2 points on both
the SGRQ and SOBQ.
Conclusion: In clinically stable patients with moderate to severe emphysema, anxiety is associated with worse
exercise performance, quality of life and shortness of breath, after accounting for the influence of demographic
and physiologic factors known to affect these outcomes.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/91944/1/2010 RR Anxiety is associated with diminished exercise performance and quality of life in severe emphysema.pd
Longitudinal change in the BODE index predicts mortality in severe emphysema
Rationale: The predictive value of longitudinal change in BODE (Body
mass index, airflow Obstruction, Dyspnea, and Exercise capacity)
index has received limited attention. We hypothesized that decrease
in a modified BODE (mBODE) would predict survival in National
Emphysema Treatment Trial (NETT) patients.
Objectives: To determine how the mBODE score changes in patients
with lung volume reduction surgery versus medical therapy and correlations
with survival.
Methods: Clinical data were recorded using standardized instruments.
The mBODE was calculated and patient-specific mBODE trajectories
during 6, 12, and 24 months of follow-up were estimated using
separate regressions for each patient. Patients were classified as
having decreasing, stable, increasing, or missing mBODE based on
their absolute change from baseline. The predictive ability of mBODE
change on survival was assessed using multivariate Cox regression
models. The index of concordance was used to directly compare the
predictive ability of mBODE and its separate components.
Measurements and Main Results: The entire cohort (610 treated medically
and 608 treated surgically) was characterized by severe airflow
obstruction, moderate breathlessness, and increased mBODE at baseline.
A wide distribution of change in mBODE was seen at follow-up. An
increase in mBODE of more than 1 point was associated with increased
mortality in surgically and medically treated patients. Surgically
treated patients were less likely to experience death or an increase
greater than 1 in mBODE. Indices of concordance showed that mBODE
change predicted survival better than its separate components.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/91943/1/2008 AJRCCM Longitudinal change in the BODE index predicts mortality in severe emphysema.pd
Sex Differences in Severe Pulmonary Emphysema
Rationale: Limited data on sex differences in advanced COPD are
available.
Objectives: To compare male and female emphysema patients with
severe disease.
Methods: One thousand fifty-three patients (38.8% female) evaluated
for lung volume reduction surgery as part of the National
Emphysema Treatment Trial were analyzed.
Measurements and Main Results: Detailed clinical, physiological, and
radiological assessment, including quantitation of emphysema severity
and distribution from helical chest computed tomography,
was completed. In a subgroup (n = 101), airway size and thickness
was determined by histological analyses of resected tissue. Women
were younger and exhibited a lower bodymass index (BMI), shorter
smoking history, less severe airflow obstruction, lower DLCO and
arterial PO2, higher arterial PCO2, shorter six-minute walk distance,
and lower maximal wattage during oxygen-supplemented cycle
ergometry. For a given FEV1% predicted, age, number of packyears,
and proportion of emphysema, women experienced greater
dyspnea, higher modified BODE, more depression, lower SF-36
mental component score, and lower quality of well-being. Overall
emphysema was less severe in women, with the difference from men
most evident in the outer peel of the lung. Females had thicker small
airway walls relative to luminal perimeters.
Conclusions: In patients with severe COPD, women, relative to men,
exhibit anatomically smaller airway lumens with disproportionately
thicker airway walls, and emphysema that is less extensive and
characterized by smaller hole size and less peripheral involvement.The National Emphysema Treatment Trial (NETT) was supported by contracts
with the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (N01HR76101, N01HR76102,
N01HR76103, N01HR76104, N01HR76105, N01HR76106, N01HR76107,
N01HR76108, N01HR76109, N01HR76110, N01HR76111, N01HR76112,
N01HR76113, N01HR76114, N01HR76115, N01HR76116, N01HR76118, and
N01HR76119); the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS; formerly
the Health Care Financing Administration); and the Agency for Healthcare Research
and Quality (AHRQ). J.L.C. is supported by funding from a Research Enhancement
Award Program (REAP) from the Biomedical Laboratory Research &
Development Service, Department of Veterans Affairs.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/91968/1/2007 Martinez AJRCCM Sex Differences in Empy.pd
Language of Lullabies: The Russification and De-Russification of the Baltic States
This article argues that the laws for promotion of the national languages are a legitimate means for the Baltic states to establish their cultural independence from Russia and the former Soviet Union
Flexible industrial work in the European periphery: factory regimes and changing working class cultures in the Spanish steel industry
This article explores how two steel industry firms operating in northern Spain have adapted to neoliberalism and globalization. Despite their geographical proximity, the comparison between their different trajectories, production, and ownership profiles highlights how their distinct factory regimes, while becoming entangled in global market dynamics, have allowed the emergence of contrasting definitions of workers’ identities, labor politics, and livelihood strategies, raising questions concerning (1) processes of distribution of privileges, skills, and knowledge among the workforce, and (2) the shaping of social relations, values, and meanings that result in the formation of particular factory regimes. The unequal position of steelmaking in regional economies, and the effects of economic policies that framed social relations in each firm, evince important differences between them, including contrasting expressions of resistance, discipline, and sociality on the shop floor. Our comparison considers how particular factory regimes bring forward different prospects as these firms face further industrial transformation, restructuring, and an increasingly uncertain future
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