25,855 research outputs found
Three-dimensional Ising model confined in low-porosity aerogels: a Monte Carlo study
The influence of correlated impurities on the critical behaviour of the 3D
Ising model is studied using Monte Carlo simulations. Spins are confined into
the pores of simulated aerogels (diffusion limited cluster-cluster aggregation)
in order to study the effect of quenched disorder on the critical behaviour of
this magnetic system. Finite size scaling is used to estimate critical
couplings and exponents. Long-range correlated disorder does not affect
critical behavior. Asymptotic exponents differ from those of the pure 3D Ising
model (3DIS), but it is impossible, with our precision, to distinguish them
from the randomly diluted Ising model (RDIS).Comment: 10 pages, 10 figures. Submitted to Physical Review
Fractional vortices in the XY model with bonds
We define a new set of excitations in the XY model which we call ``fractional
vortices''. In the frustrated XY model containing bonds, we make the
ansatz that the ground state configurations can be characterized by pairs of
oppositely charged fractional vortices. For a chain of bonds, the ground
state energy and the phase configurations calculated on the basis of this
ansatz agree well with the results from direct numerical simulations. Finally,
we discuss the possible connection of these results to some recent experiments
by Kirtley {\it et al} [Phys. Rev. B {\bf 51}, R12057 (1995)] on high-T
superconductors where fractional flux trapping was observed along certain grain
boundaries.Comment: 13 pages, 14 figures included (.eps). No essential differences to
previous version, however more compact forma
Thinning of superfluid films below the critical point
Experiments on He films reveal an attractive Casimir-like force at the
bulk -point, and in the superfluid regime. Previous work has explained
the magnitude of this force at the transition and deep in the
superfluid region but not the substantial attractive force immediately below
the -point. Utilizing a simple mean-field calculation renormalized by
critical fluctuations we obtain an effective Casimir force that is
qualitatively consistent with the scaling function obtained by
collapse of experimental data.Comment: 4 page
Resistive Anomalies at Ferromagnetic Transitions Revisited: the case of SrRuO_3
We show that recent resistivity data on SrRuO_3 for T->T_c are consistent
with conventional theory when corrections to scaling are included and a small
shift in T_c is allowed.Comment: 2 pages, 1 figure; revte
Non-universal size dependence of the free energy of confined systems near criticality
The singular part of the finite-size free energy density of the O(n)
symmetric field theory in the large-n limit is calculated at finite
cutoff for confined geometries of linear size L with periodic boundary
conditions in 2 < d < 4 dimensions. We find that a sharp cutoff
causes a non-universal leading size dependence
near which dominates the universal scaling term . This
implies a non-universal critical Casimir effect at and a leading
non-scaling term of the finite-size specific heat above .Comment: RevTex, 4 page
On the finite-size behavior of systems with asymptotically large critical shift
Exact results of the finite-size behavior of the susceptibility in
three-dimensional mean spherical model films under Dirichlet-Dirichlet,
Dirichlet-Neumann and Neumann-Neumann boundary conditions are presented. The
corresponding scaling functions are explicitly derived and their asymptotics
close to, above and below the bulk critical temperature are obtained. The
results can be incorporated in the framework of the finite-size scaling theory
where the exponent characterizing the shift of the finite-size
critical temperature with respect to is smaller than , with
being the critical exponent of the bulk correlation length.Comment: 24 pages, late
Critical Dynamics in a Binary Fluid: Simulations and Finite-size Scaling
We report comprehensive simulations of the critical dynamics of a symmetric
binary Lennard-Jones mixture near its consolute point. The self-diffusion
coefficient exhibits no detectable anomaly. The data for the shear viscosity
and the mutual-diffusion coefficient are fully consistent with the asymptotic
power laws and amplitudes predicted by renormalization-group and mode-coupling
theories {\it provided} finite-size effects and the background contribution to
the relevant Onsager coefficient are suitably accounted for. This resolves a
controversy raised by recent molecular simulations.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure
Anderson transition of the plasma oscillations of 1D disordered Wigner lattices
We report the existence of a localization-delocalization transition in the
classical plasma modes of a one dimensional Wigner Crystal with a white noise
potential environment at T=0. Finite size scaling analysis reveals a divergence
of the localization length at a critical eigenfrequency. Further scaling
analysis indicates power law behavior of the critical frequency in terms of the
relative interaction strength of the charges. A heuristic argument for this
scaling behavior is consistent with the numerical results. Additionally, we
explore a particular realization of random-bond disorder in a one dimensional
Wigner lattice in which all of the collective modes are observed to be
localized.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures, Typo for the localization length corrected.
Should read 1 / \n
Asymmetric Fluid Criticality I: Scaling with Pressure Mixing
The thermodynamic behavior of a fluid near a vapor-liquid and, hence,
asymmetric critical point is discussed within a general ``complete'' scaling
theory incorporating pressure mixing in the nonlinear scaling fields as well as
corrections to scaling. This theory allows for a Yang-Yang anomaly in which
\mu_{\sigma}^{\prime\prime}(T), the second temperature derivative of the
chemical potential along the phase boundary, diverges like the specific heat
when T\to T_{\scriptsize c}; it also generates a leading singular term,
|t|^{2\beta}, in the coexistence curve diameter, where t\equiv
(T-T_{\scriptsize c}) /T_{\scriptsize c}. The behavior of various special loci,
such as the critical isochore, the critical isotherm, the k-inflection loci, on
which \chi^{(k)}\equiv \chi(\rho,T)/\rho^{k} (with \chi = \rho^{2}
k_{\scriptsize B}TK_{T}) and C_{V}^{(k)}\equiv C_{V}(\rho,T)/\rho^{k} are
maximal at fixed T, is carefully elucidated. These results are useful for
analyzing simulations and experiments, since particular, nonuniversal values of
k specify loci that approach the critical density most rapidly and reflect the
pressure-mixing coefficient. Concrete illustrations are presented for the
hard-core square-well fluid and for the restricted primitive model electrolyte.
For comparison, a discussion of the classical (or Landau) theory is presented
briefly and various interesting loci are determined explicitly and illustrated
quantitatively for a van der Waals fluid.Comment: 21 pages in two-column format including 8 figure
Dissipation of Quasiclassical Turbulence in Superfluid He
We compare the decay of turbulence in superfluid He produced by a moving
grid to the decay of turbulence created by either impulsive spin-down to rest
or by intense ion injection. In all cases the vortex line density decays at
late time as . At temperatures above 0.8 K, all methods
result in the same rate of decay. Below 0.8 K, the spin-down turbulence
maintains initial rotation and decays slower than grid turbulence and ion-jet
turbulence. This may be due to a decoupling of the large-scale superfluid flow
from the normal component at low temperatures, which changes its effective
boundary condition from no-slip to slip.Comment: Main article: 5 pages, 3 figures. Supplemental material: 4 pages, 3
figures. Accepted for publication in Physical Review Letter
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