Keseimbangan asam-basa tubuh dan kejadian sindrom metabolik pada remaja obesitas

Background: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome increased in young population, indicated by the rise in obesity among children and adolescent. The Western dietary pattern was one of the causes. A Western diet rich in animal protein can produce acid during the metabolic process and may cause an acid-excess in the body (dietary acid load). This process was contributed to acid-base balance through the metabolism of sulfur-containing amino acids (cysteine and methionine) which produce H+ ions as well as lowering the pH. Objective: To examine the association between acid-base balance and components of metabolic syndrome among obese adolescent. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 40 obese adolescents in Semarang high school. We measured Potential Renal Acid Load (PRAL) score and pH urine as an acid-base indicator. MetS are defined ≥ 3 following risk factors: waist circumference ≥90th percentile, blood pressure ≥90th percentile, triglycerides ≥110 mg/dl, HDL levels ≤40 mg/dl, and fasting blood glucose levels ≥110 mg/dl. Normality test used the Shapiro-Wilk test (n <50). The bivariate analysis used Pearson test, Rank-Spearman test, and Chi-Square test. The multivariate analysis used Multivariate Linear Regression analysis of Backward. Results: PRAL score was associated with waist circumference (r=0,347; p=0,028), sistolic blood pressure (r=0,590; p=<0,001), diastolic blood pressure (r=0,668; p=<0,001), and triglyceride levels (r=0,362; p=0,022). pH urin was not associated with any risk factors of MetS. Conclusion: High dietary acid load may be a risk factor for the development of MetS

Kepadatan tulang santriwati berhubungan dengan profil antropometri

Santriwati’s bone mass density was associated with the anthropometric profileBackground: One group of female adolescents who had nutritional problems was Islamic boarding school students, namely santriwati. Low intake was supported by a poor diet profile that had a risk of developing osteopenia. The problem of osteopenia in adolescents could affect long-term calcium deposits and had an impact on old age and a high risk of osteoporosis.Objective: This study aims to examine the relationship between diet profiles and anthropometric profiles with bone density in female students.Methods: A cross-sectional study of 76 female students who were selected using a simple random sampling technique. Anthropometric profiles measured were body mass index, body fat percent, and waist circumference. Bone density was measured using Dual Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry (DXA). Nutrient intake profiles were obtained based on intake interviews used food recall form 6x24 hours. Data were analyzed using Spearman correlations.Results: Most female students had normal nutritional status, and 14 female students (18.4%) had low bone density. The intake of energy, macronutrients (protein, fat, and carbohydrate), and micronutrients (phosphorus, calcium, and vitamin D) of female students were insufficient. There was a relationship between body mass index (p=0.036; r=0.241) and percent body fat (p=0.027; r=0.254) with bone density. However, the nutrient intake factor has no relationship with bone density (p>0.05).Conclusions: Body mass index and body fat percent are positively correlated with female bone density

Peningkatan visceral adiposity index berhubungan dengan sindrom metabolik remaja obesitas

The increased visceral adiposity index associated with metabolic syndrome in obese adolescentsBackground: Metabolic syndrome is a complex risk factor of cardiovascular disease and diabetes mellitus type II. Metabolic syndrome scores are calculated to describe the severity of the risk of metabolic syndrome. Adipose tissue is an independent risk factor for metabolic changes related to metabolic syndrome. One indicator to calculate the distribution and fat function is through the calculation of the visceral adiposity index (VAI).Objective: Analyzing the correlation of VAI with metabolic syndrome score in adolescents in the City of Semarang.Methods: A cross-sectional study of 95 obese adolescents in Semarang City aged 12-17 years who were selected by consecutive sampling method. The inclusion criteria were students aged 12-17 years; subjects were obese based on BMI for age (BMI/U > 95th percentile CDC 2000 curves); not in chronic pain or the care of a doctor; and not on a certain diet. Data collected were waist circumference (WC), blood pressure, fasting blood sugar levels, triglyceride levels, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels. Metabolic syndrome scores are calculated using metabolic syndrome risk score (cMets). VAI is calculated to measure fat distribution and dysfunction. Correlation of VAI with metabolic syndrome and the component was analyzed with the Spearman test.Results: VAI score has a range of 1.8-14.9 with a greater mean in female subjects. The metabolic syndrome score has a range of -5.9 to 6.3 with a greater mean in male subjects. The Spearman correlation test showed a significant relationship between VAI and HDL levels (r=-0.427), triglyceride levels (r=0.914), and metabolic syndrome scores (r=0.439) in male, and HDL levels (r=-0.427), triglyceride levels (r=0.955), WC (r=0.346), and metabolic syndrome scores (r=0.691) in female.Conclusions: VAI has a significant relationship with the metabolic syndrome score which indicates the body's metabolic profile which is getting worse, so the body's metabolic profile can be described from the magnitude of VAI

Relationship between Body Image and Adequacy of Iron Intake with Hemoglobin Levels in Adolescent Females

The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between body image and adequacy of iron intake with blood hemoglobin levels in adolescent females. A total of 26 female students were randomly selected from State High School 2 and State High School 9 Semarang, Indonesia. Data were analyzed using Spearman's rank correlation test. The results showed no association between body image and hemoglobin levels (p=0.795, r=-0.053), or between adequacy of iron intake and hemoglobin levels (p=0.345, r=0.193). Based on the results, there is no relationship between body image and iron intake adequacy with blood hemoglobin levels in female adolescents

Association of Animal Protein Adequacy with Nutritional Status: A Study on High School Adolescents in Semarang City

This study aimed to determine the relationship between animal protein and calcium adequacy with nutritional status. This is a cross–sectional study with 78 subjects selected by purposive sampling method. This study was conducted in State Senior High School 2 and State Senior High School 9 Semarang. The data were analyzed using Spearman's rank test. The results showed an association between animal protein adequacy and nutritional status (p=0.027, r=-0.250). There was no association between calcium adequacy and nutritional status (p=0.574, r=0.065). In conclusion, protein adequacy is associated with nutritional status among adolescents, but calcium is not

Relationship of Body Image and Mindful Eating with Nutritional Status in Students of K.H. Sahlan Rosyidi Islamic Boarding School

This study aimed to analyze the relationship of body image and mindful eating with nutritional status of female students at K.H. Sahlan Rosjidi Islamic Boarding School using Body Shape Questionnaire, Mindful Eating Questionnaire and Body Mass Index (BMI). The samples were 75 students using purposive sampling method. Data analysis was performed using Spearman's rank test. There is a relationship between body image perception and nutritional status (p=<0.001) and no relationship between mindful eating and nutritional status (p=0.646). Most subjects have a positive body image and good eating habits

Dietary acid load berhubungan dengan sindrom metabolik dan kesehatan mental pada mahasiswi obesitas

The dietary acid load was associated with metabolic syndrome and mental health among obese college studentsBackground: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome has been increasing every year in the young population. The western diet is one of the causes that makes excess acid in the body called a dietary acid load. On the other hand, the high dietary acid load was associated with decreased mental health status.Objective: To examine the association between dietary acid load and the risk of metabolic syndrome and mental health.Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted with 115 female students in Semarang aged 18-22 years. The dietary acid load was evaluated through a potential renal acid load (PRAL), the risk score for metabolic syndrome was calculated by Metabolic syndrome risk score. Mental health status was assessed through levels of self-esteem and levels of anxiety. The level of self-esteem was measured by the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale questionnaire, while the level of anxiety was measured by the State Anxiety Inventory questionnaire. Multiple linear regression models with adjustment for a potential cofounding variable were used to evaluate the association between dietary acid load with metabolic syndrome scores, self-esteem scores, and anxiety scores.Results: The mean PRAL score was 6.11 ± 9.72 mEq/day indicated the intake of the subjects was the dietary acid load. 13% of subjects had metabolic syndrome, and 87% had a pre-metabolic syndrome. 36.5% of the subjects have low self-esteem scores. The anxiety level score calculation shows that 59.1% of the subjects are at high risk of anxiety. Pearson test showed that PRAL scores were correlated with anxiety scores (r=0,669; p<0,001). The linear regression test showed that PRAL scores were correlated with metabolic syndrome scores (β=0.899; p<0.001) and self-esteem scores (β =-0.069; p=0.047).Conclusions: High dietary acid load may be a risk factor related to the development of metabolic disorders and decreased mental health status in females with obesity

DEFISIENSI BESI PADA WANITA USIA SUBUR PRANIKAH OBESITAS

Latar Belakang. Wanita usia subur (WUS) terutama di Indonesia saat ini menghadapi masalah gizi ganda yang kompleks. Obesitas merupakan salah satu masalah gizi yang paling banyak dialami oleh WUS. Anemia merupakan satu sisi lain dari masalah gizi ganda yang banyak dialami di negara berkembang. Obesitas diketahui memiliki hubungan dengan anemia pada WUS. Tujuan. Menganalisis status besi pada WUS pranikah dengan status gizi obesitas dan non obesitas. Metode. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional dengan desain cross-sectional yang dilakukan pada 50 mahasiswi Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang. Subjek berusia 18-25 tahun dan dipilih dengan metode systematic random sampling. Subjek terdiri dari 25 mahasiswi obesitas dan 25 mahasiswi non obesitas. Status besi diukur melalui serum besi, serum Transferrin Saturation (TSAT), dan Total Iron Binding Capacity (TIBC). Status obesitas dilihat melalui pengukuran antropometri persen lemak tubuh. Uji T tidak berpasangan digunakan untuk mengetahui perbedaan status besi pada WUS pranikah obesitas dan non obesitas. Hasil. Ada perbedaan kadar serum besi (p=0,027), TIBC (p=0,034), dan TSAT (p=0,004) antara kelompok obesitas dan non obesitas. Kadar serum besi kelompok obesitas lebih rendah, ditunjukkan dengan rerata sebesar 83,99±20,66 μg/dl pada kelompok obesitas, sedangkan kelompok non obesitas sebesar 99,2±26,03 μg/dl. Kadar TIBC kelompok obesitas lebih tinggi dilihat dari reratanya sebesar 420,98±47,22 μg/dl, sedangkan kelompok non obesitas 389,94±53,35 μg/dl. Pengukuran TSAT menunjukkan kelompok obesitas memiliki kadar yang lebih rendah ditunjukkan dengan reratanya 20,13±5,27%, sedangkan kelompok non obesitas memiliki rerata sebesar 25,99±7,92%. Kesimpulan. Kelompok obesitas memiliki rata-rata kadar serum besi dan TSAT lebih rendah serta rata-rata kadar TIBC lebih tinggi

Perilaku makan sebelum dan selama pandemi covid-19 pada kelompok remaja dan dewasa di Indonesia

The COVID-19 pandemic impacts lifestyle changes, one of which is the eating behavior of people. The research aims to examine changes in eating behavior before and during the COVID-19 pandemic among adolescents and adult groups in Indonesia. A cross-sectional study on 563 subjects, with the subject's inclusion criteria, namely living in Indonesia, aged 12-55 years, willing to participate in the research by filling in informed consent and filling out a questionnaire via an online google form. The data obtained were grouped based on variables before and after the pandemic, then tested the normality of the data. Bivariate analysis used the Wilcoxon text because the data were not normally distributed. As a result, there was an increase in the subject's breakfast habits and frequency of eating. Subjects experienced changes in eating habits, namely an increase in the frequency, variety, and portion of consumption of animal protein, vegetable protein, vegetables, and fruit between before and during the COVID-19 pandemic (p <0,001). In addition, the habit of consuming fluids, supplements, and spices also experienced a significant increase, while the pattern of snacking decreased between before and during the pandemic (p <0,001). In conclusion, there were differences in eating behavior: breakfast habits, dietary variations, consumption of animal and vegetable protein, vegetables, fruits, fluids, supplements, spices, and snacking patterns outside the home between before and during the pandemic in the subjec