The effect of anesthesia technique on tumor reccurrence rate after mastectomy

Background: Breast cancer is most common cancer in women. Although surgical and chemotherapy methods have improved survival, mortality is seen secondary to metastasis and recurrence. Neuroaxial anesthesia has been shown to suppress neuroendocrine stress response due to surgery with sympathetic blockade and has a positive effect on tumor recurrence. In this study, the hypothesis was regional anesthesia may have a positive effect on patient comfort, surgical success rate and complications in the short term, tumor recurrence and metastasis in the long term.Methods: Patients who underwent mastectomy for breast cancer were divided into two groups as thoracic epidural or general anesthesia retrospectively. Preoperative patient characteristics, intraoperative hemodynamic data and postoperative complications were recorded. Static and dynamic pain was evaluated at 12, 24 and 48 hours, at 1 week, 3 and 6 months, and at the end of 1 and 3 years. The presence of metastasis and recurrence was evaluated.Results: In this study, no relationship between recurrence and anesthesia type (p=1.0) could be found. Intraoperative hemodynamic data and pain scores were lower in patients who underwent thoracic epidural anesthesia.Conclusions: As a result, thoracic epidural anesthesia had hemodynamic effects and lower pain scores in postoperative pain control, but had no effect on tumor recurrence in breast cancer patients

Knowledge and attitudes of breastfeeding mothers towards breast milk banking

Introduction: This research was conducted to determine the opinions of breastfeeding mothers regarding breast milk banking. The aim of this study was to investigate the attitudes of breastfeeding mothers towards breast milk banking and to determine the potential impact of education on increasing knowledge and awareness of breast milk donation. Methods: The study was carried out with 303 breastfeeding mothers who presented to the healthy child and general pediatrics clinics between April 15, 2020 and September 1, 2020, for various reasons. After a brief information session on breast milk banking, a 20-question survey was conducted face-to-face with the mothers. The questions related to breast milk banking in the survey were prepared according to the literature. The first part of the survey included demographic questions about the mothers, and the second part included questions about breast milk banking. Results: The mean age was found to be 32.6±5.9 years. 67.7% of the mothers had heard of breast milk banking before, while 73.6% did not know if there was a breast milk bank in Turkey. Additionally, 61.7% of the mothers had a positive view of donating breast milk, and 76.2% stated that they could give their milk to another baby if there was a need. As the education level of the mothers increased and the number of pregnancies exceeded three, the rates of those who considered donating breast milk and those who stated that they could use donor milk for their own children if necessary were found to be statistically significant (p lt;0.05). Conclusion: As the education levels and number of pregnancies of the participating mothers increased, the rates of those considering donating breast milk also increased. The most significant difference of our study compared to other similar studies is that, with the brief information provided to the mothers during the study, their knowledge and awareness increased, and they indicated that they could donate their milk to breast milk banks and use donor milk for their own children when necessary. Providing education to mothers about breast milk banks in our country can have a positive impact on establishing breast milk banks. In addition, it is believed that increasing women's education levels is important not only for their own babies but also for providing milk to all high-risk babies in the society. Keywords: Breast Feeding; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; Infant; Milk Banks; Human Mil

Domain state-dependent magnetic formation of Fe3O4 nanoparticles analyzed via magnetic resonance

Magnetic properties, arising from surface exchange and interparticle interactions of the Fe3O4 (magnetite) nanoparticles, were investigated in the temperature range of 5-300 and 120-300 K using vibrating sample magnetometer technique and electron spin resonance spectroscopy, respectively. The research was based on to figure out the origin of intraparticle interactions and the change of interparticle interactions in wide size range Fe3O4 nanoparticles. The analyses were done for samples having almost same particle size distributions. The average particle sizes were changed in between 30 +/- A 2 and 34 +/- A 2 nm. The observed magnetization values were demonstrated the mixture of single-domain size particles, exhibiting both single-domain (SD) and superparamagnetic (SPM) states. The symmetry of resonance curves changed according to the ratio of SD and SPM-stated particles in mixture under located temperature. The changes of anisotropy up to domain state were understood by freezing magnetic moment in glycerol matrix from room temperature to 120 K under 5-kG field. The shift of H (R) values to higher magnetic fields and the more symmetric resonance spectrum proved the effect of anisotropy and interparticle interactions fields on magnetic behave. In addition, the origin of intra-interaction was exposed from Fe3+ centers and exchange coupling in between Fe2+, Fe3+, and O-, and Fe3+ centers found from g factor (g)

A comparative study of nanosized iron oxide particles; magnetite (Fe3O4), maghemite (gamma-Fe2O3) and hematite (alpha-Fe2O3), using ferromagnetic resonance

We investigated intra/inter particle interactions in single domain size magnetite (Fe3O4), maghemite (gamma-Fe2O3) and hematite (alpha-Fe2O3) iron oxide particles. The magnetic analyses were done using vibrating sample magnetometer and magnetic resonance measurements that were taken from 5 to 300 K and from 120 to 300 K, respectively. The magnetic resonance analyses were done for the iron oxides, frozen under 5000 G fields in glycerol matrix. By changing the temperature, a change in resonance field lines was observed at each Fe3O4, gamma-Fe2O3 and alpha-Fe2O3 nanoparticles. However, the fits in resonant lines showed that Lande g values (spectroscopic splitting factor) stayed stable with temperature decrease. The thermal sensitivities that were determined from Lande g factors, revealed three dominant interactions on resonant lines namely; the exchange coupling in between Fe2+, Fe3+ and O (g(1) = 3.01 +/- 0.08), Fe3+ centers (1.88 +/- 0.03 <= g(2) <= 2.02 +/- 0.03, depending on iron oxide states) and flip flop of O ions in between ionic states of Fe2+-O (1) and Fe3+-O (2) (2.35 +/- 0.06 <= g(3) <= 2.44 +/- 0.06, depending on iron oxide states). (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

Comparison of the Energy Performance between Flat-plate and Heat Pipe Evacuated Tube Collectors for Solar Water Heating Systems under Mediterranean Climate Conditions

In this paper, the energy performance of a flat-plate collector and a heat pipe evacuated tube collector exploited for domestic hot water production in the Mediterranean climate is compared. For this purpose, yearly data obtained from two field-trial solar water heating systems are used. The selected systems are with forced circulation and installed near each other. The studied solar collectors are installed on the roof with the same slope angle of 45° and the surface azimuthal angle of 10°. The installed surface area of the flat-plate solar collector is 4.41 m2, whereas for the heat pipe evacuated tube collector is 1.5 m2. The annual irradiation on solar collector plane was 1,456 kWh/m2year. Obtained results showed that the annual solar yield for the flat-plate collector was 664 kWh/m2year, whereas for the heat pipe evacuated tube collector was 885 kWh/m2year. The annual average collector efficiencies were 0.494 and 0.62, respectively

Energy performance analysis of a forced circulation solar water heating system equipped with a heat pipe evacuated tube collector under the Mediterranean climate cond

This work represents the energy performance analysis during the annual time period of a forced circulation solar water heating system equipped with a heat pipe evacuated tube collector having an aperture area of 1.476 m2 under the Mediterranean climate conditions. For the purpose, recorded data from a field-trial installation are exploited. The recorded data obtained every minute are used to perform the energy analysis during an annual period. The analysis is performed by using mathematical models and by representing the results for each month. Monthly values of measured parameters and calculated quantities offered a clear view regarding the operation of the considered field-trial installation for this climate region. For an annual irradiation on solar collector plane of 2,212 kWh/year, it was noticed that the annual useful heat gain for the heat pipe evacuated solar tube collector, the useful energy delivered by the solar circuit to the storage tank, and the delivered energy to the thermal consumer were 1,345 kWh/year, 1,311 kWh/year, and 1,009 kWh/year, respectively. The annual efficiency for the heat pipe evacuated solar tube collector was 0.62, while for the forced circulated system was 0.516. Also, the annual energy balance of the system obtained from the calculation is built

Comparison of the Energy Performance between Flat-plate and Heat Pipe Evacuated Tube Collectors for Solar Water Heating Systems under Mediterranean Climate Conditions

In this paper, the energy performance of a flat-plate collector and a heat pipe evacuated tube collector exploited for domestic hot water production in the Mediterranean climate is compared. For this purpose, yearly data obtained from two field-trial solar waterheating systems are used. The selected systems are with forced circulation and installed near each other. The studied solar collectors are installed on the roof with the same slope angle of 45&deg; and the surface azimuthal angle of 10&deg;. The installed surface area of theflat-plate solar collector is 4.41 m2, whereas for the heat pipe evacuated tube collector is 1.5 m2. The annual irradiation on solar collector plane was 1,456 kWh/m2year. Obtained results showed that the annual solar yield for the flat-plate collector was 664 kWh/m2year, whereas for the heat pipe evacuated tube collector was 885 kWh/m2year. The annual average collector efficiencies were 0.494 and 0.62, respectively

A comparative study of nanosized iron oxide particles; magnetite (Fe3O4), maghemite (gamma-Fe2O3) and hematite (alpha-Fe2O3), using ferromagnetic resonance

We investigated intra/inter particle interactions in single domain size magnetite (Fe3O4), maghemite (gamma-Fe2O3) and hematite (alpha-Fe2O3) iron oxide particles. The magnetic analyses were done using vibrating sample magnetometer and magnetic resonance measurements that were taken from 5 to 300 K and from 120 to 300 K, respectively. The magnetic resonance analyses were done for the iron oxides, frozen under 5000 G fields in glycerol matrix. By changing the temperature, a change in resonance field lines was observed at each Fe3O4, gamma-Fe2O3 and alpha-Fe2O3 nanoparticles. However, the fits in resonant lines showed that Lande g values (spectroscopic splitting factor) stayed stable with temperature decrease. The thermal sensitivities that were determined from Lande g factors, revealed three dominant interactions on resonant lines namely; the exchange coupling in between Fe2+, Fe3+ and O (g(1) = 3.01 +/- 0.08), Fe3+ centers (1.88 +/- 0.03 <= g(2) <= 2.02 +/- 0.03, depending on iron oxide states) and flip flop of O ions in between ionic states of Fe2+-O (1) and Fe3+-O (2) (2.35 +/- 0.06 <= g(3) <= 2.44 +/- 0.06, depending on iron oxide states)