An exploratory study of the purchase and consumption of beef: geographical and cultural differences between Spain and Brazil

Beef consumption and production in Spain and Brazil are different with the consumption of beef in Brazil being three times higher than in Spain. In addition, there are variations in the economic value of production and in the traceability system. Therefore, the aim of this research was to understand the purchasing and consumption patterns using the customer behavior analysis technique of focus groups, which analyzed motivations for the consumption of beef, classifying their preferences by the intrinsic and extrinsic attributes at the time of purchase. The key aspect of the consumption of beef, both for Spanish and Brazilian consumers, was personal satisfaction/flavor. Spanish consumers were more conscious than Brazilians of the beneficial and harmful qualities that meat provides. The presence of fat was the factor that most restricted intake in both countries. The most important intrinsic attributes for Spanish and Brazilian consumers were the visual aspects of the meat: color, freshness, and the quantity and disposition of fat. The most important extrinsic characteristics were the price and expiration date. Spanish consumers see packaged meat as convenient and safe, although it is considered by Brazilians to be over-manipulated. The traceability certification on the label provides credibility to the product for the Spanish but only partially for Brazilians

Qualitative characteristics of meat from confined crossbred heifers fed with lipid sources

Lipids have been used in ruminant feed to replace high amounts of grain for increasing the diet energy density, performance and meat quality. This study evaluated the qualitative characteristics of meat from feedlot heifers fed with sources of lipid supplements. Twenty-one crossbred heifers (1/4Nelore × 1/4Santa Gertrudis × 1/2Braunvieh) were used. Each heifer received 60 % forage with a base of corn silage and 40 % concentrate, resulting in 5.8 % lipid content in the total diet. The following sources of lipids were used: soybeans, protected fat and soybean oil. There were no differences on physical characteristics of meat samples from heifers fed with the lipid sources. Soybeans increased the concentration of linoleic acid, content of polyunsaturated fatty acid and activity of the Δ9-desaturase C16 enzyme in the Longissimus muscle. The use of soybean oil in the diet increased the oleic acid, monounsaturated fatty acid, total cis- and trans-fatty acids (C18:0) and the activity of the Δ9-desaturase C16 enzyme in the subcutaneous fat. Diets with soybean grain had greater deposition of linoleic and linolenic acids than diets with fat protected and greater presence of these essential fatty acids are associated to a better composition and meat quality

Fontes lipídicas na terminação de novilhas

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito das diferentes fontes lipídicas sob o consumo de nutrientes, desempenho, desenvolvimento, características das carcaças e qualidade da carne de novilhas terminadas em confinamento. Foram utilizadas 21 novilhas mestiças (Nelore x Santa Gertrudis x Braunvieh), recebendo 60% de volumoso, a base de silagem de milho e 40% de concentrado, com teor de 5,8% de lipídeos na dieta total. As fontes de lipídios utilizadas foram: soja grão, gordura protegida (Megalac-E®) e óleo de soja. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado com três tratamentos e sete repetições, e as médias foram comparadas pelo teste de Tukey a 5%. A ingestão diária de nutrientes, ganho médio diário e peso de abate foram influenciados pelas fontes lipídicas. As fontes lipídicas não influenciaram a conversão alimentar, taxa de eficiência protéica e eficiência alimentar. A dieta com soja grão propiciou uma maior proporção de osso e menor de tecido adiposo na carcaça, quando comparado com o tratamento contendo gordura protegida. As características de rendimento de carcaça, comprimento de perna, espessura de coxão, área de olho de lombo, espessura de gordura de cobertura, não foram influenciadas pelas diferentes dietas. Nas amostras de carne não foi observada diferença entre as fontes lipídicas quanto à força cisalhamento, capacidade de retenção de água, pH, perda por cocção e sabor. No entanto, a carne dos animais alimentados com gordura protegida e óleo de soja apresentou melhor textura e aceitação global no painel sensorial. A soja grão aumentou a concentração de acido linoléico e linolênico no músculo Longissimus. O uso de óleo de soja na dieta elevou a quantidade de ácido oléico na gordura subcutânea. Os teores de ácido linoléico conjugado não foram afetados pelas fontes lipídicas.The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the different lipidic sources under the ingestion of nutrients, performance, development, characteristics of the carcasses and quality of the meat of heifers finished in feedlot. Twenty one crossbred heifers (Nellore x Santa Gertrudis x Braunvieh) were feed with 60% of roughage basis of corn silage and 40% concentrate, with 5,8% of ether extract level. The fat sources were: soybean grain, protected fat (Megalac-E®) and soybean oil. The study was in a completely randomized design, with three treatments and seven replications, and the averages had been compared by the Tukey 5% test. The daily ingestion of nutrients, daily average profit and weight of slaughter had been influenced by the lipid sources. The lipid sources were not influenced the alimentary conversion, tax of proteinic efficiency and feed efficiency. The soybean diet propitiated a bigger ratio of bone and fat thickness in the carcass when compared with the treatment of protected fat. The characteristics of carcass dressing, length of leg, cushing thickness, ribeye area, and fat thickness had not been influenced by the differents diets. In the samples of meat differences were not observed among lipid sources shear force, water retention capacity, pH, total cooking looses and flavor. Treatments of protected fats and soybean oil had been well global received and texture. The diet with soybean was increase the level of linoleic and linolenic acid in Longissimus muscle. The soybean oil was increase the quantity of oleic acid in fat thickness. The conjugated linoleic acid concentrations were not influence by lipid sources.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP

Fontes lipídicas na terminação de novilhos Nelore confinados

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de fontes lipídicas com diferentes perfis de ácidos graxos sobre o consumo de nutrientes, digestibilidade, parâmetros fermentativos, microbiota ruminal, desempenho, emissão de metano entérico e características qualitativas da carcaça e da carne de novilhos Nelore terminados em confinamento. Na avaliação de consumo, desempenho, emissão de metano e características qualitativas da carcaça e da carne foram utilizados 45 novilhos castrados da raça Nelore com peso médio inicial de 419 ± 11 kg e aproximadamente 15 meses de idade, recebendo 60% de volumoso (silagem de milho) e 40% de concentrado. Foram testados 5 tratamentos: um sem adição de lipídios e mais quatro dietas com diferentes fontes lipídicas: óleo de linhaça, óleo de palma, soja grão e um suplemento comercial com gordura protegida (Lactoplus). O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado com cinco tratamentos e nove repetições, e as médias foram comparadas pelo teste de Tukey a 5%. As fontes lipidícas influenciaram (P<0,05) os valores de ganho médio diário (GMD) e ingestões de matéria seca e nutrientes. Animais alimentados com dieta sem adição de lipídios apresentaram maior ingestão de matéria seca e nutrientes quando comparado aos que receberam óleo de palma. A eficiência alimentar teve valor médio de 0,13 kg GMD/kg MS nas dietas sem adição de lipídios, gordura protegida, soja grão e óleo de linhaça, enquanto a dieta com óleo de palma apresentou um valor de 0,08 kg GMD/kg MS. Animais alimentados com óleo de palma apresentaram maior força de cisalhamento (P<0,05) quando comparados aos que receberam a dieta sem adição de lipídios (5,87 vs 4,14 kg/cm²). A deposição de CLA foi maior no tratamento com óleo de linhaça (0,67 no músculo e 1,69 % no gordura subcutânea)...The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of lipid sources with different fatty acid profiles under the ingestion of nutrients, digestibility, fermentation parameters, rumen microbial, performance, enteric methane emission and qualitative characteristics of the carcass and meat from Nellore steers finished in feedlots. In the evaluation of consumption, performance, methane emission and qualitative characteristics of the carcass and meat were used 45 Nellore steers with an initial average weight of 419 + 11 kg and approximately 15 months of age, receiving 60% roughage (corn silage) and 40% concentrate. Were tested 5 treatments: one without additional fat source and more four diets with different fat sources: linseed oil, palm oil, soybeans grain and a commercial supplement with protected fat (Lactoplus). The experimental design was completely randomized with five treatments and nine replicates, and averages were compared by Tukey test (P<0.05). Lipid sources influenced (P<0.05) values of average daily gain (ADG) and intakes of dry matter and nutrients. Animals fed with the without additional fat source diet presented higher intake of dry matter and nutrients compared to those that received palm oil. Feed efficiency had average value of 0.13 kg ADG/kg DM in the diet control, protected fat, soybeans grain and linseed oil, while palm oil diet showed a value of 0.08 kg ADG / kg DM. Animals fed with palm oil had higher shear force (P <0.05) compared with those who received the without additional fat source diet (5.87 vs 4.14 kg/cm²). The deposition of CLA were higher in treatment with linseed oil (0.67 – muscle and 1.69 – subcutaneous fat). Diets based on linseed oil and soybeans grain present the same feeding efficiency of diets with protected fat and without additional fat source, however produce an average reduction of 57% in methane emissions when compared with these diets... (Complete abstract click electronic access below

Uso da creatinina como indicador da excreção urinária em ovinos Creatinine use as an indicator of urinary excretion in ovines

Este estudo foi conduzido para determinar a excreção diária de creatinina e verificar o potencial de seu uso como indicador da produção urinária em ovinos. A medida da excreção urinária total de creatinina foi feita com base em dados e em amostras obtidas de quatro experimentos de digestibilidade conduzidos previamente com ovinos mantidos em gaiolas metabólicas. Em todos os experimentos, foi feita a coleta diária total de urina durante cinco dias em cada período experimental. Adicionalmente, em um dos experimentos, foram coletadas amostras de urina dos animais de duas em duas horas durante um período de 24 horas. A excreção total de creatinina (média de 660mg dia-1) foi diferente entre experimentos (P<0,01) e entre animais (P<0,01). A excreção diária como proporção do peso corporal (média 23,2mg kg-1 de peso vivo) foi diferente entre experimentos (P<0,01), mas semelhante entre animais, tratamentos e períodos (P>0,05). Por sua vez, a concentração de creatinina na urina foi diferente entre os experimentos (P<0,01), animais (P<0,01), períodos (P<0,05) e também nos diferentes horários de um período de 24 horas (P<0,01). A estimativa da produção urinária dos animais, com base na concentração de creatinina em amostras pontuais de urina, pode ser confiável somente se, em pelo menos um animal representativo de um grupo experimental, for realizada coleta total de urina para medida de excreção média desse metabólito por unidade de peso corporal. Além disso, amostras pontuais de urina devem ser coletadas em diferentes horários para constituir uma amostra composta representativa de um ciclo de 24 horas.<br>This study was carried out to evaluate the use of creatinine as an indicator of urinary production in sheep. Total creatinine urinary excretion was determined based on data and samples collected from four digestibility experiments previously conducted with lambs maintained in metabolic cages. In all experiments total urinary production was collected during five days in each animal and experimental period. Additionally, in one experiment, urine samples were taken at intervals of two hours during a 24 hours period. Total excretion of creatinine (mean of 660mg day-1) was different among experiments (P<0.01) and animals (P<0.01). The daily excretion as proportion of body weight (mean of 23,2mg kg-1 live weight) was different only among experiments (P<0.01), but was similar among the animals and periods and treatments (P>0.05). In the other hand, the urinary concentration of creatinine was different among experiments (P<0.01), animals (P<0.01) and periods (P<0.05). There were also differences among sampling times through a 24 hours period (P<0.01). The estimate of urinary production based on urinary concentrations of creatinine in spot samples, may be reliable only if, at least in one animal, representative of experimental group, total urine collection be carried out to measure the mean daily excretion of creatinine relative to body weigh. Moreover, spot samples should be collected in different times to constitute a composite sample representative of a 24 hours period