Semiconducting chains of gold and silver

The authors introduce a geometry for ultrathin Au and Ag wires that ab initio calculations indicate to be more stable than previously considered planar geometries for these systems, by about 0.1 eV per atom. This structure is insulating for both metals and for related Ag_(0.5)-Au_(0.5) alloys, with gaps of 1.3 eV for Au, 0.8 eV for Ag, and varying between 0.1 eV and 1.9 eV for the alloys. The insulating nature of the geometry is not a result of Peierls instabilities, and is analyzed in terms of an interplay between geometric and electronic structure effects.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures (3 pages in published format

Cooperative game theory and its application to natural, environmental, and water resource issues : 1. basic theory

Game theory provides useful insights into the way parties that share a scarce resource may plan their use of the resource under different situations. This review provides a brief and self-contained introduction to the theory of cooperative games. It can be used to get acquainted with the basics of cooperative games. Its goal is also to provide a basic introduction to this theory, in connection with a couple of surveys that analyze its use in the context of environmental problems and models. The main models (bargaining games, transfer utility, and non-transfer utility games) and issues and solutions are considered: bargaining solutions, single-value solutions like the Shapley value and the nucleolus, and multi-value solutions such as the core. The cooperative game theory (CGT) models that are reviewed in this paper favor solutions that include all possible players and ignore the strategic stages leading to coalition building. They focus on the possible results of the cooperation by answering questions such as: Which coalitions can be formed? And how can the coalitional gains be divided to secure a sustainable agreement? An important aspect associated with the solution concepts of CGT is the equitable and fair sharing of the cooperation gains.Environmental Economics&Policies,Economic Theory&Research,Livestock&Animal Husbandry,Education for the Knowledge Economy,Education for Development (superceded)

Cooperative game theory and its application to natural, environmental, and water resource issues : 2. application to natural and environmental resources

This paper provides a review of various applications of cooperative game theory (CGT) to issues of natural and environmental resources. With an increase in the level of competition over environmental and natural resources, the incidents of disputes have been at the center of allocation agreements. The paper reviews the cases of common pool resources such as fisheries and forests, and cases of environmental pollution such as acid rain, flow, and stock pollution. In addition to providing examples of cooperative solutions to allocation problems, the conclusion from this review suggests that cooperation over scarce environmental and natural resources is possible under a variety of physical conditions and institutional arrangements. CGT applications to international fishery disputes are especially useful in that they have been making headway in policy-related agreements among states and regions of the world. Forest applications are more local in nature, but of great relevance in solving disputes among communities and various levels of governments.Environmental Economics&Policies,Fisheries&Aquaculture,Common Property Resource Development,Economic Theory&Research,Ecosystems and Natural Habitats

Cooperative game theory and its application to natural, environmental, and water resource issues : 3. application to water resources

This paper reviews various applications of cooperative game theory (CGT) to issues of water resources. With an increase in the competition over various water resources, the incidents of disputes have been in the center of allocation agreements. The paper reviews the cases of various water uses, such as multi-objective water projects, irrigation, groundwater, hydropower, urban water supply, wastewater, and transboundary water disputes. In addition to providing examples of cooperative solutions to allocation problems, the conclusion from this review suggests that cooperation over scarce water resources is possible under a variety of physical conditions and institutional arrangements. In particular, the various approaches for cost sharing and for allocation of physical water infrastructure and flow can serve as a basis for stable and efficient agreement, such that long-term investments in water projects are profitable and sustainable. The latter point is especially important, given recent developments in water policy in various countries and regional institutions such as the European Union (Water Framework Directive), calling for full cost recovery of investments and operation and maintenance in water projects. The CGT approaches discussed and demonstrated in this paper can provide a solid basis for finding possible and stable cost-sharing arrangements.Town Water Supply and Sanitation,Environmental Economics&Policies,Water Supply and Sanitation Governance and Institutions,Water Supply and Systems,Water and Industry

INTEGRAL HUMAN DEVELOPMENT IN WORKING ORGANIZATIONS: CULTURE, EMPLOYMENT PROTECTION, AND EMANCIPATION

This work focuses on Integral Human Development (IHD) as theoretical paradigm and its deployment in working organizations (profit, not for profit, hybrid). By building on previous research within the field of Business Ethics on humanistic management, CSR and people-centered organizations, this work enhances our knowledge on at least four levels: it details IHD in its relationships with underpinning philosophies; it increases the empirical body of literature able to enquiry into IHD and humanism; it proposes a refashioning of classic debates within Business Ethics as confronted with current social challenges; it paves the way for further research bridging the humanistic approach within Business ethics and gender studies. The first chapter presents the empirical analysis of a model based on culture and creative forces able to yield high level of IHD for internal and external stakeholders; the second chapter, normative in nature, compels a set of propositions discussing a humanistic approach to halt job dissatisfaction and disengagement; the third chapter presents a literature review on current debates bridging feminist ethics and business ethics, as well as the case study of a female digital entrepreneur leveraging on relational capital and humanistic values to build economic, social and environmental sustainability and success

TO NEGOTIATE OR TO GAME THEORIZE: Negotiation vs. Game Theory Outcomes for Water Allocation Problems in the Kat Basin, South Africa

The 6th MEETING ON GAME THEORY AND PRACTICE Zaragoza, Spain 10-12 July 2006Negotiation, Role-playing game, Core, Nucleolus, Shapley value, Water allocation, Economic efficiency, Planning models, Resource /Energy Economics and Policy, C61, C71, C78, Q25, Q56, R14,