The European Bus with a High Level of Service (BHLS): Concept and Practice

The paper discusses the respective American Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) and European Bus with a High Level of Service (BHLS) concepts comparing their approaches and implementation conditions. It describes the main BHLS characteristics and the gains in ridership findings for several case studies among European countries.BRT, BHLS, BHLS Characteristics, Implementation conditions, gains in ridership

Recent Developments in Bus Transport In China

China has the largest urban public transport sector in the world. In principle, strategic policy is determined by the central government, and passed down through the organs of state for implementation. In recent years that strategy has included giving priority to public transport and reforming the supply arrangements to secure a more commercial and competitive sector. In practice, responsibility for implementation is completely decentralized, with municipalities having both complete responsibility for financing urban public transport and substantial freedom to interpret central government guidance at the local level. This paper considers the reforms that have already occurred under this regime, the constraints and limitations on the reform process, and the most recent initiatives being undertaken. It shows that a very wide range of systems are being experimented with simultaneously, with so far no sign that central government would intervene in detail or to provide central government finance specifically for the sector.Institute of Transport and Logistics Studies. Faculty of Economics and Business. The University of Sydne

Recent Developments in Bus Transport Policy in China

Institute of Transport and Logistics Studies. Faculty of Economics and Business. The University of Sydne

New Regulatory Framework For Urban Passenger Transport in Ghanian Cities

The Ghana Urban Transport Project (GUTP) takes place in Accra and Kumasi, the largest cities. GUTP has three key components: (i) institutional development and capacity building, including a new Urban Passenger Transport regulatory framework; (ii) design and implementation of pilot BRT corridors in Accra and Kumasi; (iii) traffic engineering measures including BRT and urban traffic signal integration. Reform consists of three main elements: (i) restoration of the framework and capacity at local government to regulate and develop UPT; (ii) bringing all regular UPT operations within the regulatory framework, establishing basic standards, and enforcing compliance; (iii) establishing a higher type of licence for routes requiring investment in better vehicles, quality, and organisational capacity, in return for greater protection and longer tenure. For BRT and other key parts of the network, Route Service Contracts will be offered. Actions in 2008 include establishing the national context for implementation, developing and passing Bye-Laws for regulation of UPT in all participating local Assemblies, establishing Urban Passenger Transport Units (UPTUs) in the Assemblies, building capacity, and preparation for route registration. During 2009 all current services will be registered and licenced under basic permit. In 2010 a pilot set of routes will be procured under quality-based contracts.Institute of Transport and Logistics Studies. Faculty of Economics and Business. The University of Sydne

New Regulatory Framework For Urban Passenger Transport in Ghanian Cities

The Ghana Urban Transport Project (GUTP) takes place in Accra and Kumasi, the largest cities. GUTP has three key components: (i) institutional development and capacity building, including a new Urban Passenger Transport regulatory framework; (ii) design and implementation of pilot BRT corridors in Accra and Kumasi; (iii) traffic engineering measures including BRT and urban traffic signal integration. Reform consists of three main elements: (i) restoration of the framework and capacity at local government to regulate and develop UPT; (ii) bringing all regular UPT operations within the regulatory framework, establishing basic standards, and enforcing compliance; (iii) establishing a higher type of licence for routes requiring investment in better vehicles, quality, and organisational capacity, in return for greater protection and longer tenure. For BRT and other key parts of the network, Route Service Contracts will be offered. Actions in 2008 include establishing the national context for implementation, developing and passing Bye-Laws for regulation of UPT in all participating local Assemblies, establishing Urban Passenger Transport Units (UPTUs) in the Assemblies, building capacity, and preparation for route registration. During 2009 all current services will be registered and licenced under basic permit. In 2010 a pilot set of routes will be procured under quality-based contracts.Institute of Transport and Logistics Studies. Faculty of Economics and Business. The University of Sydne

The European Bus with a High Level of Service (BHLS): Concept and Practice

International audienceThe paper discusses the respective American Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) and European Bus with a High Level of Service (BHLS) concepts comparing their approaches and implementation conditions. It describes the main BHLS characteristics and the gains in ridership findings for several case studies among European countries

Buses with High Level Of Service (BHLS) – Operational, Regulatory And Contractual Dimensions

Buses with High Level of Service (BHLS) is an emerging term in Europe for higher quality bus services in urban areas, based on a combination of better operating environment, high quality vehicles, upgraded infrastructure, improved customer services, marketing, image and a systemic approach. BHLS is not the same product as Bus Rapid Transit (BRT), although there are many features in common. The primary objective of BHLS is to uplift the quality of the bus mode rather than to provide the mass transit function. Many European cities have extreme limitations in available road width, BHLS aims to get the maximum capacity and quality within the available space. This paper reports the findings of an EU COST Action on BHLS, which includes practitioners and researchers from 14 EU countries. It presents BHLS practice, a set of 5 Case Studies (France, Netherlands, Ireland, Spain and Sweden, and operational characteristics of BHLS systems in Europe. A review of procurement and contractual aspects indicates that BHLS has been implemented within existing regulations, procedures, contract structures and performance parameters. Information on the COST TU603 action on BHLS can be obtained at www.bhls.euInstitute of Transport and Logistics Studies. Faculty of Economics and Business. The University of Sydne

Arctic drainage of Laurentide Ice Sheet meltwater throughout the past 14,700 years

© The Author(s), 2022. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Sufke, F., Gutjahr, M., Keigwin, L. D., Reilly, B., Giosan, L., & Lippold, J. Arctic drainage of Laurentide Ice Sheet meltwater throughout the past 14,700 years. Communications Earth & Environment, 3(1), (2022): 98, https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-022-00428-3.During the last deglaciation substantial volumes of meltwater from the decaying Laurentide Ice Sheet were supplied to the Arctic, Gulf of Mexico and North Atlantic along different drainage routes, sometimes as catastrophic flood events. These events are suggested to have impacted global climate, for example initiating the Younger Dryas cold period. Here we analyze the authigenic Pb isotopic composition of sediments in front of the Arctic Mackenzie Delta, a sensitive tracer for elevated freshwater runoff of the retreating Laurentide Ice Sheet. Our data reveal continuous meltwater supply to the Arctic along the Mackenzie River since the onset of the Bølling–Allerød. The strongest Lake Agassiz outflow event is observed at the end of the Bølling–Allerød close to the onset of the Younger Dryas. In context of deglacial North American runoff records from the southern and eastern outlets, our findings provide a detailed reconstruction of the deglacial drainage chronology of the disintegrating Laurentide Ice Sheet.Open Access funding enabled and organized by Projekt DEAL

STRENGTHENING ECONOMIC FOUNDATIONS: ADDRESSING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN HOUSING AND NUTRITION SECURITY AMONG MAJORITY-MINORITY COMMUNITIES IN DURHAM COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA

To better address the broad spectrum of health in Durham County, North Carolina, this capstone offers a series of housing and nutritional policy reforms that aim to improve the economic security of Durham County residents by addressing the bidirectional nature of housing and food insecurity. The following proposal explains the impact economic precarity and instability has on Durham County residents’ health and how it impacts how residents live, work, and play. The proposal details how reforming zoning laws for affordable housing, coupled with community gardens and nutrition education can help improve economic security for Durham County residents and how such policies will improve the County’s public health. These proposals also include a detailed budget its zoning reform policy and program evaluation for its community gardens program. The proposal also includes an appendix with an additional housing reform policy to build additional permanent low-income housing.Master of Science in Public Healt