Masses and Interactions of q-Fermionic Knots

The q-electroweak theory suggests a description of elementary particles as solitons labelled by the irreducible representations of SU_q(2). Since knots may also be labelled by the irreducible representations of SU_q(2), we study a model of elementary particles based on a one-to-one correspondence between the four families of Fermions (leptons, neutrinos, (-1/3) quarks, (2/3) quarks) and the four simplest knots (trefoils). In this model the three particles of each family are identified with the ground and first two excited states of their common trefoil. Guided by the standard electroweak theory we calculate conditions restricting the masses of the fermions and the interactions between them. In its present form the model predicts a fourth generation of fermions as well as a neutrino spectrum. The same model with q almost equal to 1 is compatible with the Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix. Depending on the test of these predictions, the model may be refined.Comment: 40 pages, 2 figures, latex forma

Are Bosonic Replicas Faulty?

Motivated by the ongoing discussion about a seeming asymmetry in the performance of fermionic and bosonic replicas, we present an exact, nonperturbative approach to zero-dimensional replica field theories belonging to the broadly interpreted "beta=2" Dyson symmetry class. We then utilise the formalism developed to demonstrate that the bosonic replicas do correctly reproduce the microscopic spectral density in the QCD inspired chiral Gaussian unitary ensemble. This disproves the myth that the bosonic replica field theories are intrinsically faulty.Comment: 4.3 pages; final version to appear in PR

Light environment - A. Visible light. B. Ultraviolet light

Visible and ultraviolet light environment as related to human performance and safety during space mission

Beach impact study, Padre Island National Seashore

Prepared for Office of Natural Science, Southwest Region, National Park Service, under contract CX70005044830 April 1976Vegetative differences between heavily and very lightly trafficked beaches show that more beach traffic correlates with quantitative decreases in variety and density of plants and with declines of grasses relative to forbs. The vegetated portions of all beaches continue to grow in volume. However, this is at the expense of the more seaward (more trafficked) parts of the beaches and has lead to overall loss of total beach volume except where vehicular traffic is prohibited. The very lightly trafficked beach is the only study site wherein the entire beach to mean sea level has grown. The effect of these trends on resistance to storm surge erosion remains to be tested.Marine Scienc

Ly-alpha emitting galaxies at redshift z~4.5 in the LALA Cetus field

We present a large sample of Ly-alpha emitting galaxies spectroscopically confirmed at z~4.5, based on IMACS spectroscopic observations of candidate LAEs in the LALA Cetus field. We identify 110 z~4.5 LAEs based on single line detections with no continuum emission blueward of the line. The Ly-alpha confirmation rate varies from <50% to 76% for candidates selected in different narrowband filters at slightly different redshifts. We find a drop in the LAE density at redshift 4.50+-0.03 from redshift 4.39-4.47 by a factor of 66%, which could be a large scale void in the distribution of star-forming galaxies (~18Mpc along the line of sight and ~80Mpc across). The sample includes many objects with equivalent widths >200A. These large EW candidates are spectroscopically confirmed at the same rate as candidates with more modest EWs. A composite spectrum of all 110 confirmed LAEs shows the characteristic asymmetry of the Ly-alpha line. It also places new and stringent upper limits on the CIV 1549/Ly-alpha and HeII 1640/Ly-alpha line ratios, providing a new upper limit on the fraction of active galactic nuclei in Ly-alpha selected galaxy samples, and on the contribution of Pop III populations. Finally, we calculate the Ly-alpha luminosity function for our z~4.5 sample, which is consistent with those at other redshifts, showing that there is no evolution in Ly-alpha luminosity function from z~3.1-6.6.Comment: 30 pages, 10 figures, ApJ submitte

Electron Interactions in Bilayer Graphene: Marginal Fermi Liquid Behaviour and Zero Bias Anomaly

We analyze the many-body properties of bilayer graphene (BLG) at charge neutrality, governed by long range interactions between electrons. Perturbation theory in a large number of flavors is used in which the interactions are described within a random phase approximation, taking account of dynamical screening effect. Crucially, the dynamically screened interaction retains some long range character, resulting in $\log^2$ renormalization of key quantities. We carry out the perturbative renormalization group calculations to one loop order, and find that BLG behaves to leading order as a marginal Fermi liquid. Interactions produce a log squared renormalization of the quasiparticle residue and the interaction vertex function, while all other quantities renormalize only logarithmically. We solve the RG flow equation for the Green function with logarithmic accuracy, and find that the quasiparticle residue flows to zero under RG. At the same time, the gauge invariant quantities, such as the compressibility, remain finite to $\log^2$ order, with subleading logarithmic corrections. The key experimental signature of this marginal Fermi liquid behavior is a strong suppression of the tunneling density of states, which manifests itself as a zero bias anomaly in tunneling experiments in a regime where the compressibility is essentially unchanged from the non-interacting value.Comment: 12 pages, 3 figure

Derivation of the Quantum Probability Rule without the Frequency Operator

We present an alternative frequencists' proof of the quantum probability rule which does not make use of the frequency operator, with expectation that this can circumvent the recent criticism against the previous proofs which use it. We also argue that avoiding the frequency operator is not only for technical merits for doing so but is closely related to what quantum mechanics is all about from the viewpoint of many-world interpretation.Comment: 12 page

Using Classical Probability To Guarantee Properties of Infinite Quantum Sequences

We consider the product of infinitely many copies of a spin-$1\over 2$ system. We construct projection operators on the corresponding nonseparable Hilbert space which measure whether the outcome of an infinite sequence of $\sigma^x$ measurements has any specified property. In many cases, product states are eigenstates of the projections, and therefore the result of measuring the property is determined. Thus we obtain a nonprobabilistic quantum analogue to the law of large numbers, the randomness property, and all other familiar almost-sure theorems of classical probability.Comment: 7 pages in LaTe