Eyelid development, fusion and subsequent reopening in the mouse

The process of eyelid development was studied in the mouse. The critical events occur between about 15.5 d postcoitum (p.c.) and 12 d after birth, and were studied by conventional histology and by scanning electron microscopy. At about 15.5 d p.c. the cornea of the eye is clearly visible with the primitive eyelids being represented by protruding ridges of epithelium at its periphery. Over the next 24 h, eyelid development proceeds to the stage when the cornea is completely covered by the fused eyelids. Periderm cells stream in to fill the gap between the developing eyelids. Their proliferative activity is such that they produce a cellular excrescence on the outer surface of the line of fusion of the eyelids. This excrescence had almost disappeared by about 17.5 d p.c. Keratinisation is first evident at this stage on the surface of the eyelids and passes continuously from one eyelid to the other. Evidence of epidermal differentiation is more clearly seen in the newborn, where a distinctive stratum granulosum now occupies about one third of its entire thickness. Within the subjacent dermis, hair follicles are differentiating. By about 5 d after birth, a thick layer of keratin extends without interruption across the junctional region. While a noticeable surface indentation overlies the latter, a similar depression is only seen on the conjunctival surface by about 10 d after birth. Keratinisation is also observed to extend in from the epidermal surface to involve the entire region between the 2 eyelids at about this time.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS

Contracts (1983 Annual Survey of Michigan Law)

During the Survey period, the Michigan Supreme Court decided cases involving mutual mistake, the enforceability of a contractual limitation period, and termination of a licensing agreement. The court of appeals considered implied in fact contract theories, interpretation, the parol evidence rule, and claims for exemplary and mental distress damages for breach of contract. In addition, the court of appeals revisited rejection and acceptance under the Uniform Commercial Code, and decided several cases involving medical malpractice arbitration agreements

Design Space and Evaluation Challenges of Adaptive Graphical User Interfaces

Engineering and Applied Science

The Cost of Improving Gas Supply Security in the Baltic States

The Baltic States (Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania) are three amongst the smallest gas markets in Europe. They import all the gas they consume from Russia, with whom they have difficult political relationships. A disruption of their supply from Russia, whatever the cause, would have severe consequences as a large share of their peak winter consumption could not be replaced by alternative gas or other fuels. The three governments want to invest in improving gas supply security and the European Commission pushes in the same direction. But what should they do? We present an assessment of the cost of various national and regional options – dual-fuel for heat plants and CHPs; strategic gas storage; strategic LNG terminals – to increase gas supply security. The cost is calculated over thirty years for different scenarios of supply disruptions. Uncertainty in commodity prices and interest rates is taken into account through Monte Carlo simulations. We draw the policy conclusions, taking into account the regional political context

Pedestrian Detection with Wearable Cameras for the Blind: A Two-way Perspective

Blind people have limited access to information about their surroundings, which is important for ensuring one's safety, managing social interactions, and identifying approaching pedestrians. With advances in computer vision, wearable cameras can provide equitable access to such information. However, the always-on nature of these assistive technologies poses privacy concerns for parties that may get recorded. We explore this tension from both perspectives, those of sighted passersby and blind users, taking into account camera visibility, in-person versus remote experience, and extracted visual information. We conduct two studies: an online survey with MTurkers (N=206) and an in-person experience study between pairs of blind (N=10) and sighted (N=40) participants, where blind participants wear a working prototype for pedestrian detection and pass by sighted participants. Our results suggest that both of the perspectives of users and bystanders and the several factors mentioned above need to be carefully considered to mitigate potential social tensions.Comment: The 2020 ACM CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI 2020

The role of merkel cells in mechano-transduction

In whatever receptor system Merkel cells are found tney are always associated with a characteristic, slowly adapting response. The role of Merkel cells in the transduction process of slowly adapting Type I cutaneous mechanoreceptors (SAI receptors or touch domes) of rats and cats was investigated by mecnanical and electrical stimulation of SAI receptors and their afferent fibres in various experimental conditions. In an hypoxic environment, touch domes eventually failed to respond to mechanical stimulation. For receptor failure to occur it was necessary to have an 0^ depleted external environment around the limb as well as an 02 deficient blood supply. Exposure of the limb surface to 02 was sufficient to bring about receptor recovery. Correlated with receptor failure was a significant reduction in the number of densecored vesicles normally found in the Merkel cell cytoplasm adjacent to the nerve ending innervating the cell. Receptor recovery was associated with a return in the numbers of dense-cored vesicles back to that found in control cells.In an hypoxic environment, touch domes eventually failed to respond to mechanical stimulation. For receptor failure to occur it was necessary to have an 0₂ depleted external environment around the limb as well as an 0₂ deficient blood supply. Exposure of the limb surface to 0₂ was sufficient to bring about receptor recovery. Correlated with receptor failure was a significant reduction in the number of densecored vesicles normally found in the Merkel cell cytoplasm adjacent to the nerve ending innervating the cell. Receptor recovery was associated with a return in the numbers of dense-cored vesicles back to that found in control cells.When stimulated in the presence of the known calcium channel blockers cobalt and verapamil hydrochloride, SAI receptors again eventually failed to respond to mechanical stimulation. Correlated with receptor failure was a reduction in the number of Merkel cell vesicles as well as an increase in the number of 'synaptic-like' junctions oDserved between Merkel cells and their associated nerve endings.In hypoxic conditions and in the presence of the calcium channel blockers a response could still be produced in the afferent fibre by electrical stimulation of the fibre close to the touch dome.The results indicate that Merkel cell dense-cored vesicles are necessary for the characteristic slowly adapting response of SAI mechanoreceptors possibly by the secretion of a transmitter substance stored within the vesicles

Theoretical and experimental studies on charge deformation densities and hydrogen bridges in borane anions and related species

Available from British Library Document Supply Centre- DSC:D85066 / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreSIGLEGBUnited Kingdo