In vitro Effect of L-Tryptophan on theQuality and Fertilizing Capacity of Spermsof Endangered Species of Trouts.

The present study was focused on determining the effect of L-tryptophan on quality of sperm and its fertilizing capacity in endangered trout Salmo coruhensis, Anatolian trout Salmo rizeensis and rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. Different activation media (NaCl, 0.3%; NaHCO3, 1%) were supplemented with L-tryptophan [Control (0), 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 mM] for assessing sperm motility and its duration, fertility and hatching rate of eggs. The results from the present study indicated that addition of L-tryptophan increased the motility rate and duration in O. mykiss, S. rizeensis and S. coruhensis compared to control group. Highest sperm motility rate and its duration, and fertility and hatching rate of eggs of O. mykiss, S. rizeensis and S. coruhensis were 0.5 mM, 5 mM and 2 mM, respectively. To conclude, sperm quality and fertility were positively affected by quantitative changes different concentrations of L-tryptophan. In addition, L-tryptophan can be used in activation medium for O. mykiss, S. rizeensis and S. coruhensis

Deniz hıyarı (H. tubulosa Gmelin,1788)‘nın larval gelişimi ve yaşam oranı üzerine besinin etkisi

Bu çalışmada, deniz hıyarı (H. tubulosa Gmelin,1788) larvaları Tetraselmis suecica ve Nannochloropsis oculata mikroalg türleriyle beslenerek yaşama, büyüme ve gelişim üzerindeki etkisi incelenmiştir. Çalışmada kullanılan anaçlar Eylül ayında Gerence Körfezi’nde 3-7 m derinlikten toplanmıştır. Döl bırakımından sonra, döllenmiş yumurtanın gelişim safhaları olan ilk auricularia, auricularia, son auricularia ve doliolaria gözlenmiştir. En iyi büyüme ve yaşama oranı Nannochloropsis oculata ile beslenen larvalarda elde edilmiştir (p= 0,015, p<0,05). En iyi larval gelişim Tetraselmis suecica ile beslenen grupta elde edilmiştir. Tetraselmis suecica ile beslenen larvalar doliolaria safhasına Nannochloropsis oculata ile beslenen larvalardan daha önce ulaşmışlardır

Role of pH on the initiation of sperm motility inrainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and Çoruhtrout (Salmo coruhensis)

Experiments were designed to examine effects of pH (range 6.0–9.0) in different activation solutions on sperm motility of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and Çoruh trout (Salmo coruhensis). Four activation solutions were prepared: a) NaCl (52 mM)-AS1, b) NaCl (103 mM), CaCl2 (63 mM), Glucose (4 mM), Tris (10 mM)-AS2, c) NaHCO3 (119 mM)-AS3, d) NaCl (45 mM), KCl (5 mM), Tris (30 mM)-AS4. Sperm was activated at the dilution ratio of 1:100 with different activation solutions. Highest motility rate and duration for O. mykiss were obtained from AS2 at a pH of 9 while highest motility rate and duration for S. coruhensis were at a pH of 8. Data here reported also showed that non-progressive motility in a range of 6–8 was observed in AS2 for two species. In conclusion, rainbow trout (O. mykiss) and Çoruh trout (S. coruhensis) sperm cells can be motile in a wide range of pH although sperm motility and duration was negatively influenced by low pH values

Effect of Cobalt on Sperm Motility in an Endangered Trout Species, Salmo coruhensis

Experiments were designed to examine the in vitro effect of cobalt on sperm motility of the endangered trout species (Salmo coruhensis). Sperm samples were diluted in an immobilizing solution, and activated in a motility-activation solution that was supplemented with cobalt at concentrations of 1, 10, 100 and 1000 mg/L. The percentage of motile sperm and duration of motility were determined. Cobalt concentrations of 1-100 mg/L had a positive effect on the percentage of motile sperm and duration of motility compared to the control group, while a concentration of 1000 mg/L resulted in decreases in these parameters (p < 0.05). The percentages of motile sperm at cobalt concentrations of 0, 1, 10, 100 and 1000 mg/L were 83.33% ± 0.25%, 88.33% ± 0.34%, 89.00% ± 0.57%, 90.00% ± 0.87% and 42.50% ± 0.45%, respectively; and the time durations over which the sperm remained motile were 72.00 ± 0.63, 74.83 ± 0.28, 77.40 ± 0.47, 81.14 ± 0.78, and 50.25 ± 0.67 s, respectively. This study has shown that sperm motility and duration were significantly enhanced (p < 0.05) at cobalt concentrations of 1, 10 and 100 mg/L, relative to controls, and significantly decreased at 1000 mg/L

Use of Amino Acids in Fish Sperm Cryopreservation AReview

Sperm is protected against oxidative stress with seminal plasma. Dilution during cryopreservation is reduced the seminal plasma components having cells more sensitive to oxidative stress. Amino acids have antioxidant property and found in seminal plasma at high concentration. Therefore, amino acids have an important biological role for prevention of cell damage during cryopreservation. Thus far, conducted studies in mammalians have demonstrated that supplementation of amino acids (e.g. taurine, hypotaurine, proline, glutamine, glycine, histidin, and methionine) to extenders reduced sperm damage and DNA fragmentation and improved post-thaw motility. Recently, studies about antioxidant property and addition to extenders of amino acids have been performed in different fish species (Dicentrarchus labrax, Sparus aurata, Oncorhynchus mykiss, Salvelinus fontinalis, Pagrus major, Carassius auratus). In conducted studies, it has determined that addition of amino acids has reduced DNA fragmentation and protected DNA against strand breaks and also improved some sperm quality parameters post-thaw. In conclusion, amino acids provide better motility and lower DNA damage in fish sperm. However, studies on supplementation of amino acids to extenders in fish sperm cryopreservation are limited. Therefore, future studies in fish having economic and ecologic importance are necessary about effect of supplementation of amino acids in cryopreservation. Amino acids are the building blocks of peptides and proteins [20]. Particularly, sulfur-containing amino acids are important due to removing of free radicals and protection against oxidative stress. Because, sulphur a fundamental element for amino acids, proteins and other biomolecules. Methionine, cysteine, homocysteine, and taurine are the four common sulfur-containing [21]. Several amino acids (e.g. cysteine, glycine, proline and histidine) are found in seminal plasma. Lahnsteiner [22] stated that in the seminal plasma of O. mykiss, the main Free Amino Acids (FAAs) were arginine, glutamic acid, isoleucine, leucine, methionine and proline, in spermatozoa cysteine, arginine and methionine. The main FAAs in the seminal plasma of C. carpio were alanine, arginine, cysteine, glutamic acid, histidine, leucine, lysine, methionine and proline. To date, amino acids have been used in sperm cryopreservation as a non-permeating cryoprotectant of many mammalian species to preventing against cold shock [23] and freezing stress [24-29]. Recently, studies about addition of amino acids to extenders have been performed in fish sperm cryopreservation

In Vitro Effect of Zinc: Evaluation of theSperm Quality of Endangered Trout Salmo Coruhensis and Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss and Fertilizing Capacity.

This study was intended to reveal the usefulness of Zinc in endangered trout Salmo coruhensis and rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss sperm. Spermatozoa were activated in sperm motility-activation solutions (NaCl, 0.3%; NaHCO3, 1%) containing the Zinc [Control (0), 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 mM]. The percentage and duration of motility, fertility and hatching rate were determined in sperm samples. Our results indicated that the percentage and duration of motility, fertility and hatching rate increased when activation solution containing NaHCO3 was supplemented with 1 mM Zinc in rainbow trout (O. mykiss). On the contrary, motility rate in endangered trout (S. coruhensis) was increased by Zinc compared to control group. The percentage and duration of motility, fertility and hatching rate were affected by increasing concentrations of Zinc in endangered trout (S. coruhensis) and rainbow trout (O. mykiss) (p<0.05). In conclusion, sperm quality was affected by quantitative changes different concentrations of Zinc and the best results were obtained from a concentration of 1 mM for rainbow trout

Sucul Model Organizmalar ve Biyoteknolojide Kullanımı

Model organizmalar; in vitro koşullarda üretilen ve üretiminin sürdürülmesi kolay olan, kısa jenerasyon aralığına sahip, deneysel avantajları olan ve biyolojik olayların araştırılmasında kullanılan canlılardır. İnsan genomu ile karşılaştırıldığında homolojisi oldukça yüksek ancak genom boyu küçük olan model organizmalar insan üzerinde çalışılması mümkün olmayan her türlü deneyde kullanılabilirler. Son yıllarda zebra balığı (Danio reiro),, medaka balığı (Oryzias latipes) ve balon balığı (Fugu rubripes) gibi bazı sucul canlılar model organizma olarak kullanılmaktadır. Bu derlemede sucul model organizmalar ve biyoteknolojik çalışmalarda kullanım alanları hakkında bilgiler sunulmuştur

Dose Dependent Treatment with Boric Acid Induces More Changes in the Sperm Cells of Endangered Anatolian Trout Salmo rizeensis

The aim of this study was to test the usefulness of boric acid for endangered Anatolian trout Salmo rizeensis sperm. Activation media was supplemented with boric acid (0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 mM). Sperm motility and duration were determined in sperm samples. In addition, fertility and hatching rate were examined. Our data indicated that addition of boric acid (3 mM) to activation media was increased the percentage and duration of motile sperm, fertility and hatching rate in endangered Anatolian trout (S. rizeensis). On the other hand, the motility rate decreased with increasing the concentration of boric acid (p<0.05). In particular, a remarkable increase was observed after concentration 3 mM. Consequently, sperm quality was affected by quantitative changes different concentrations of boric acid and the best results were obtained at concentration 3 mM

Effect of L-tryptophan on sperm quality of tigris scraper (capoeta umbla) (pisces: cyprinidae) after cryopreservation

BACKGROUND: The aromatic amino acid L-tryptophan is a versatile molecule and needed for the biosynthesis of proteins. Due to metabolic functions, it has been widely used in research and clinical trials. OBJECTIVE: The present study aimed to test the usefulness of L-tryptophan as an extender of Tigris scraper (Capoeta umbla) sperm during cryopreservation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Semen samples were diluted with a ratio of 1:3 (sperm: extender) and base extenders were supplemented with L-tryptophan (0 mM, 0.5 mM, 1 mM, 2 mM and 4 mM). Sperm motility and duration of post-thawed samples were assessed after the cryopreservation process. RESULTS: Our results revealed that motility rate and duration of sperm increased when the cryomedia was supplemented with L-tryptophan. On the other hand, an increase in the concentration of L-tryptophan in the extender caused a significant decrease (p<0.05) in the motility rate of Tigris scraper (C. umbla) sperm. The ideal results were obtained at 1 mM L-tryptophan; however, no motile sperm were shown in any samples when a concentration of 2 mM was used. CONCLUSION: The current study shows the importance of conducting further studies related to long-term storage and reproduction managemen