Social Media Use for Decision Making Process in Educational Settings: The Greek Case for Leadership’s Views and Attitude in Secondary and Tertiary Education

The emergence of social media and their wide usage have brought changes in almost all fields of public sphere. Nowadays governmental organizations, agencies and politicians use social media in order to ensure major civil participation, enhance e-dialogue and e-democracy consequently, emphasizing thus in participatory processes through which opinions are co-shaped and decisions are jointly made. On the other hand, in another field of public sphere, that of education, social media are mostly used for teaching support, promotion and publicity. Taking into account education’s key role in the cultivation of active citizenship as well as the fact that educational structures are self-governed, the aim of this study was to identify leadership’s views of Greek Secondary and Tertiary Education on the potential use of social media in educational environments for the purpose of a participatory decision-making process which broadens stakeholder involvement in educational policy-making

Dexamethasone Administration in Mice Leads to Less Body Weight Gain over Time, Lower Serum Glucose, and Higher Insulin Levels Independently of NRF2.

Glucocorticoids are used widely on a long-term basis in autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Their adverse effects include the development of hyperglycemia and osteoporosis, whose molecular mechanisms have been only partially studied in preclinical models. Both these glucocorticoid-induced pathologies have been shown to be mediated at least in part by oxidative stress. The transcription factor nuclear erythroid factor 2-like 2 (NRF2) is a central regulator of antioxidant and cytoprotective responses. Thus, we hypothesized that NRF2 may play a role in glucocorticoid-induced metabolic disease and osteoporosis. To this end, WT and Nrf2 knockout (Nrf2KO) mice of both genders were treated with 2 mg/kg dexamethasone or vehicle 3 times per week for 13 weeks. Dexamethasone treatment led to less weight gain during the treatment period without affecting food consumption, as well as to lower glucose levels and high insulin levels compared to vehicle-treated mice. Dexamethasone also reduced cortical bone volume and density. All these effects of dexamethasone were similar between male and female mice, as well as between WT and Nrf2KO mice. Hepatic NRF2 signaling and gluconeogenic gene expression were not affected by dexamethasone. A 2-day dexamethasone treatment was also sufficient to increase insulin levels without affecting body weight and glucose levels. Hence, dexamethasone induces hyperinsulinemia, which potentially leads to decreased glucose levels, as well as osteoporosis, both independently of NRF2

Chapter 2 - Configuring a Network Operating System

Chapter 2: Objectives Upon completion of this chapter you will be able to: Explain the purpose of the Cisco IOS. Explain how to access and navigate Cisco IOS to configure network devices. Describe the command structure of the Cisco IOS software. Configure hostnames on a Cisco IOS device using the CLI. Use Cisco IOS commands to limit access to device configurations. Use Cisco IOS commands to save the running configuration. Explain how devices communicate across network media. Configure a host device with an IP address. Verify connectivity between two end devices

Chapter 10 - Application Layer

Chapter 10: Objectives By the end of this chapter, you will be able to: Explain how the functions of the application layer, session layer, and presentation layer work together to provide network services to end user applications. Describe how common application layer protocols interact with end user applications. Describe, at a high level, common application layer protocols that provide Internet services to end-users, including WWW services and email. Describe application layer protocols that provide IP addressing services, including DNS and DHCP. Describe the features and operation of well-known application layer protocols that allow for file sharing services, including: FTP, File Sharing Services, SMB protocol. Explain how data is moved across the network, from opening an application to receiving data

Chapter 4 - Network Access

Chapter 4: Objectives Upon completion of this chapter, you will be able to: Identify device connectivity options. Describe the purpose and functions of the physical layer in the network. Describe basic principles of the physical layer standards. Identify the basic characteristics of copper cabling. Build a UTP cable used in Ethernet networks. Describe fiber-optic cabling and its main advantages over other media. Describe wireless media. Select the appropriate media for a given requirement and connect devices. Describe the purpose and function of the data link layer in preparing communication for transmission on specific media. Describe the Layer 2 frame structure and identify generic fields. Identify several sources for the protocols and standards used by the data link layer. Compare the functions of logical topologies and physical topologies. Describe the basic characteristics of media control methods on WAN topologies. Describe the basic characteristics of media control methods on LAN topologies. Describe the characteristics and functions of the data link frame

Facteurs bHLH proneuraux et fiabilité des programmes de spécification neuronaux chez C. elegans

Au cours du développement du système nerveux, une grande diversité de types neuronaux est produite. Ce processus doit être étroitement régulé afin que le bon ensemble de types neuronaux soit généré. Durant ma thèse, j’ai analysé les mécanismes qui assurent la fiabilité des programmes de spécification neuronaux en utilisant C. elegans comme organisme modèle. Les facteurs de transcription bHLH proneuraux jouent un rôle clé dans les étapes précoces de la spécification des neurones chez de nombreux animaux. En analysant le développement d’une classe spécifique d’interneurones cholinergiques (AIY), j’ai observé que quatre facteurs bHLH différents sont impliqués dans leur spécification: NGN-1/Neurogénine, HLH-3/Achaete-Scute, HLH-16/Beta3 et HLH-2/E. Cela pose la question de savoir pourquoi autant de facteurs bHLH sont requis pour un unique événement de spécification. En utilisant une approche d’imagerie quantitative, j’ai établi qu’une coopération entre les différents bHLH proneuraux est requise afin d’activer un niveau d’expression correct des facteurs de transcription sélecteurs terminaux qui, par la suite, initient et maintiennent l’expression d’une large batterie de gènes de différenciation terminaux responsables de la fonction du neurone AIY. De manière surprenante, les différents bHLH proneuraux ont un effet antagoniste sur une autre cible, le facteur proapoptotique EGL-1 de la famille BH3-only, qui est normalement exprimé à faible niveau dans le neurone AIY et qui interfère avec sa spécification. Je propose que l’emploi de multiples facteurs bHLH proneuraux permet une spécification neuronale robuste tout en empêchant l’activation incontrôlée de gènes délétères.During nervous system development, a high diversity of neuronal cell types is produced. This process has to be tightly regulated to generate the correct set of neuron types. During my PhD, I analyzed the mechanisms that ensure the robustness of neuronal specification programs, using C. elegans as a model organism. Proneural bHLH transcription factors play a key role in the early steps of neuronal specification in many animals. By anaIyzing the development of a specific class of cholinergic interneurons (AIY), I observed that four different bHLH factors are involved in their specification : NGN-1/Neurogenin, HLH-3/Achaete-Scute, HLH-16/Beta3 and HLH-2/E. This raises the question of why so many bHLH factors are required for a single neuronal specification event. Using quantitative imaging, I established that a cooperation between the different proneural bHLH factors is required to activate the correct level of expression of terminal selector transcription factors that subsequently initiate and maintain the expression of a large battery of terminal differentiation genes responsible for the function of the AIY neuron. Surprisingly, the different proneural bHLH have an antagonistic effect on another target, the proapoptotic BH3-only factor EGL-1, normally expressed only at very low levels in the AIY neuron and detrimental for its specification. I propose that the use of multiple proneural bHLH factors allows robust neuronal specification while, at the same time, preventing spurious activation of deleterious genes