Incentives, Reputation and the Allocation of Authority

We address the question how much authority a principal should delegate to a manager with conflicting interests and uncertain ability in a context in which the manager has both compensationbased and reputational incentives. The optimal level of authority balances the value of the manager’s decision-making expertise against the cost of ensuring that the manager uses his discretion productively. Reputational incentives reduce the necessary monetary incentives to discourage purely opportunistic behavior, but may cause the manager to pursue conservative courses of action to preserve his reputation. This undermines the benefits of delegating control, leading to decreased managerial authority and stronger monetary incentives. When the principal can commit to long-term contracts, she eliminates this conservative bias by rewarding a successful manager with greater future compensation and authority than would be optimal in a static setting. Early in the relationship the principal may delegate additional authority in order to screen for managers of high ability

Simulation Study of Advanced Variable Displacement Engine Coupled to Power-Split Hydraulic Hybrid Powertrain

The simulation based investigation of the variable displacement engine is motivated by a desire to enable unthrottled operation at part load, and hence eliminate pumping losses. The mechanism modeled in this work is derived from a Hefley engine concept. Other salient features of the proposed engine are turbocharging and cylinder deactivation. The cylinder deactivation combined with variable displacement further expands the range of unthrottled operation, whereas turbocharging increases the power density of the engine and allows downsizing without the loss of performance. Although the proposed variable displacement turbocharged engine (VDTCE) concept enables operations in a very wide range, running near idle is impractical. Therefore, the VDTCE is integrated with a hybrid powertrain to mitigate issues with engine transients and mode transitions. The engine model is developed in AMESim using physics based models, such as thermodynamic cycle simulation, filling and emptying of manifolds, and turbulent flame entrainment combustion. A predictive model of the power-split hydraulic hybrid driveline is created in SIMULINK, thus facilitating integration with the engine. The integrated simulation tool is utilized to address design and control issues, before determining the fuel economy potential of the powertrain comprising a VDTCE engine and a hydraulic hybrid driveline.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/89879/1/draft_01.pd

Incentives, Reputation and the Allocation of Authority

We address the question how much authority a principal should delegate to a manager with conflicting interests and uncertain ability in a context in which the manager has both compensation-based and reputational incentives. The optimal level of authority balances the value of the manager's decision-making expertise against the cost of ensuring that the manager uses his discretion productively. Reputational incentives reduce the necessary monetary incentives to discourage purely opportunistic behavior, but may cause the manager to pursue conservative courses of action to preserve his reputation. This undermines the benefits of delegating control, leading to decreased managerial authority and stronger monetary incentives. When the principal can commit to long-term contracts, she eliminates this conservative bias by rewarding a successful manager with greater future compensation and authority than would be optimal in a static setting. Early in the relationship the principal may delegate additional authority in order to screen for managers of high ability.agency problems, delegation, compensation contracts, job design, career concerns, managerial conservatism

Vibration damper development and innovation of a laboratory stand

Bakalářská práce se zabývá popisem a funkčností používaných tlumičů vibrací. Protože tlumičů vibrací je nepřeberné množství druhů, zaměřuje se tato práce na tlumiče používané u osobních automobilů známé jako tlumiče pérování. Popsal jsem jak klasické tlumiče pérování, tak i nejmodernější způsoby řešení tlumiče. Dále i celé způsoby řešení omezujících přenos nepříznivých kmitů, které působí na osobní automobil, jako jsou aktivní podvozky. Pro budoucí vývoj tlumičů je velmi důležité vlastnit kvalitní vybavení na testování tlumiče. Z tohoto důvodu jsem navrhnul možné způsoby inovace stávající laboratorního standu.Bachelor work deals with description and functionality of vibration dampers. Since the vibration dampers is a wealth of species, work is focusing on the dampers used in cars known as shock absorbers suspension. I have described conventional shock absorbers suspension and modern shock absorbers suspension. Furthermore, I described active chassis. High-quality equipment is very important for the future development of dampers. I propose possible ways of innovation existing laboratory stand.

Mechanism of a one-cylinder diesel engine with elongated expansion

Diplomová práce se zabývá návrhem mechanismu spalovacího motoru, který umožňuje dosáhnout většího expanzního poměru než poměru kompresního. V práci je ověřena hlavní výhoda motoru s tímto mechanismem, kterou je vyšší tepelná účinnost motoru oproti konvenčnímu vznětovému motoru. Dále jsou zde vyšetřovány průběhy kinematických veličin, síla od tlaku plynů a setrvačné síly, které působí v jednotlivých vazbách mechanismu. Poslední část práce se zabývá pevnostní kontrolou vybraných částí navrženého mechanismu.The diploma thesis deals with mechanism of combustion motor that enables greater expansion ratio then compression ratio. The main advantage of motor mechanism is verified in thesis, which is greater thermal efficiency then compared to conventional diesel motor. Additionally, there are investigation of kinematic variables, force of gas pressure and inertia forces, which operates in different bindings mechanism. The last part deals witch strength of selected parts of the proposed mechanism.

Category building of international students as language learners in two secondary schools

This paper reports on a small scale study of category building in the context of English language learning. The data for the current study is derived from the interviews with two students, one from China and the other from Mongolia, in two schools in Melbourne. The study uses Membership Categorization Analysis to give an account of identity by examining how categories of English language learner emerge and shift during the course of the interviews. The categories established by the participants in the two interviews were constructed around different attributes belonging to the category of international student. These emerged as a series of categorical binaries including international student and local student, language competence and language deficit, mainstream English and English as an Additional Language (EAL), and home country and Australia. As the participants took part in the interview, they moved towards accounts that integrated multiple viewpoints resulting in dynamically shifting categorisations. Through these categories, it was also possible to show how students were invited to display their learning and knowledge of English, and to give accounts of their English language development