The architectural design and implementation of a digital platform for Industry 4.0 SME collaboration

This paper presents the architectural design and implementation of DIGICOR — a collaborative Industry 4.0 (I4.0) platform aimed at enabling SMEs to dynamically form supply-chain collaborations so as to pool production capacities and capabilities and jointly address complex supply chain requests. The DIGICOR architecture builds on the event-driven service-oriented architecture (EDSOA) model to support the collaboration between SMEs, dynamic modelling of their systems and services, and their integration in the supply chains of large OEMs, enforcing digital platform governance rules for knowledge protection and security. In contrast to the extant platforms assessed through our systematic review, the proposed architecture supports the entire lifecycle of I4.0 collaborations, from creation of viable teams to deployment and operation. The architecture provides an open and extensible solution for (i) creating a marketplace for the collaboration partners, (ii) providing services for planning and controlling the collaborative production, logistics, and risk management, while supporting APIs for third parties to provide complementary services such as advanced analytics, simulation, and optimization; and (iii) seamless connectivity to automation solutions, smart objects and real-time data sources. We report on the design of the architecture and its innovative artefacts such as the component model description and the semantic model constructs created for meaningful event exchanges between architectural end-points. We also describe a running use case demonstrating implementation scenarios

The architectural design and implementation of a digital platform for Industry 4.0 SME collaboration

This paper presents the architectural design and implementation of DIGICOR — a collaborative Industry 4.0 (I4.0) platform aimed at enabling SMEs to dynamically form supply-chain collaborations so as to pool production capacities and capabilities and jointly address complex supply chain requests. The DIGICOR architecture builds on the event-driven service-oriented architecture (EDSOA) model to support the collaboration between SMEs, dynamic modelling of their systems and services, and their integration in the supply chains of large OEMs, enforcing digital platform governance rules for knowledge protection and security. In contrast to the extant platforms assessed through our systematic review, the proposed architecture supports the entire lifecycle of I4.0 collaborations, from creation of viable teams to deployment and operation. The architecture provides an open and extensible solution for (i) creating a marketplace for the collaboration partners, (ii) providing services for planning and controlling the collaborative production, logistics, and risk management, while supporting APIs for third parties to provide complementary services such as advanced analytics, simulation, and optimization; and (iii) seamless connectivity to automation solutions, smart objects and real-time data sources. We report on the design of the architecture and its innovative artefacts such as the component model description and the semantic model constructs created for meaningful event exchanges between architectural end-points. We also describe a running use case demonstrating implementation scenarios

Multiparametric quantitative brain MRI in neurological and hepatic forms of Wilson's disease

Background: In Wilson's disease (WD), demyelination, rarefaction, gliosis, and iron accumulation in the deep gray matter cause opposing effects on T-weighted MR signal. However, the degree and interplay of these changes in chronically treated WD patients has not been quantitatively studied. Purpose: To compare differences in brain multiparametric mapping between controls and chronically treated WD patients with neurological (neuro-WD) and hepatic (hep-WD) forms to infer the nature of residual WD neuropathology. Study Type: Cross-sectional. Population/Subjects: Thirty-eight WD patients (28 neuro-WD, 10 hep-WD); 26 healthy controls. Field Strength/Sequence: 3.0T: susceptibility, T*, T, T relaxometry; 1.5T: T, T relaxometry. Assessment: The following 3D regions of interest (ROIs) were manually segmented: globus pallidus, putamen, caudate nucleus, and thalamus. Mean bulk magnetic susceptibility, T*, T, and T relaxation times were calculated for each ROI. Statistical Tests: The effect of group (neuro-WD, hep-WD, controls) and age was assessed using a generalized least squares model with different variance for each ROI and quantitative parameter. A general linear hypothesis test with Tukey adjustment was used for post-hoc between-group analysis; P < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: Susceptibility values were higher in all ROIs in neuro-WD compared to controls and hep-WD (P < 0.001). In basal ganglia, lower T and T* were found in neuro-WD compared to controls (P < 0.01) and hep-WD (P < 0.05) at 3.0T. Much smaller intergroup differences for T in basal ganglia were observed at 1.5T compared to 3.0T. In the thalamus, increased susceptibility in neuro-WD was accompanied by increased T at both field strengths (P < 0.001 to both groups), and an increased T at 1.5T only (P < 0.001 to both groups). Data Conclusion: We observed significant residual brain MRI abnormalities in neuro-WD but not in hep-WD patients on chronic anticopper treatment. Patterns of changes were suggestive of iron accumulation in the basal ganglia and demyelination in the thalamus; 3.0T was more sensitive for detection of the former and 1.5T of the latter abnormality. Level of Evidence: 2. Technical Efficacy Stage: 3. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2019