Oxidative stress, inflammation and endothelial dysfunction: implications in atherosclerosis. Note II.

NADPH oxidase (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-oxidase), with its generically termed NOX isoforms, is the major source of ROS (reactive oxigen species) in biological systems. The oxidant/ antioxidant imbalance in favor of oxidants in the vascular system generates ROS via activation of NADPH oxidase. ROS are small oxygen-derived molecules with an important role in various biological processes (physiological or pathological). Some processes are beneficial and necessary for life under physiological conditions, but they are noxious, harmful under pathophysiological conditions. NADPH oxidases are present in phagocytes and in a wide variety of nonphagocytic cells. The enzyme generates superoxide by transferring electrons from NADPH inside the cell across the membrane and coupling them to molecular oxygen to produce superoxide anion, a reactive free-radical. Structurally, NADPH oxidase is a multicomponent enzyme which includes two integral membrane proteins, glycoprotein gp91phox and adaptor protein p22phox, which together form the heterodimeric flavocytochrome b558 that constitutes the core of the enzyme. During the resting state, the multidomain regulatory subunits p40phox, p47phox, p67phox are located in the cytosol organized as a complex. The activation of phagocytic NADPH oxidase occurs through a complex series of protein interactions. The increased production of free radicals under pathophysiological conditions is an integral part of the production of cardiovascular diseases and in particular of atherosclerosis. At the onset and progression of atherosclerosis, various non-traditional intercorrelated risk factors contribute such as oxidative stress, inflammation and endothelial dysfunction. Oxidative stress plays a crucial role not only in the formation but also in the evolution and destabilization of lesions. Oxidative stress is closely linked to endothelial damage. Endothelium modulates vascular tone by releasing specific vasoactive substances. At the onset and progression of atherosclerosis contributes to decreasing the bioavailability of NO (nitric oxide) or EDRF (endothelium-derived relaxing factor) with an important role in conserving vasodilation and inhibiting vasoconstriction. Clinical and paraclinical investigations show that inflammatory reactions operate at all stages of atherosclerotic events. According to the theory of oxidative stress, atherosclerosis is also the result of the particularly oxidative changes of LDL (low density lipoproteins) in the arterial wall. Excess ROS can produce peroxinitrite with NO, the cytotoxic oxidant important mediator of LDL oxidation with proaterogenic action

Facial regeneration: current status and perspectives

Skin aging is a complex biological processes influenced by endogenous and exogenous factors. The primary aim of all skin anti-aging strategies is to reverse the dermal and epidermal signs of photoaging and chronological aging. Healthy and normal functioning skin barrier is an important protector against dehydration, penetration of various microorganisms, allergens, irritants, reactive oxygen species and radiation. The skin barrier may be specifically adjusted to allow penetration of desired substances.Regenerative medicine is the science of replacing, engineering or regenerating human cells, tissues or organs to restore or establish normal form and function. It uses cells, tissues, drugs, synthetic biomaterials and devices to help patients heal or regeneration. The reason of different methods of skin regeneration is to increase skin regeneration, elasticity, smoothness, density, macroscopic and microscopic aspect, changing the skin condition. It is necessary to slow down ageing processes on a cellular level concomitantly. We can provide to the skin primary structural constituents, such as collagen, elastin, to prevent the formation of wrinkles, but some products and techniques do promote the natural synthesis of these substances except elastin enhancing. Simultaneously it is necessary to prevent wrinkle formation by reduction of inflammation (topical or systemic antioxidants) in combination with sunscreens and retinoids to enhance their protective effects. An important attention must be accorded to Transforming Growth Factor- β family, other TGF-β-based approaches (Decorin and Mannose 6 Phosphate), modulation of Smad3/Smad7 Signaling, Epidermal Growth Factor family, Fibroblast Growth Factor family, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor family, Granulocyte Macrophage-Colony Stimulating Factor, Connective Tissue Growth Factor, Interleukin 10, Connexins, other approaches under investigation for scar reduction, collagen, fibronectin, laminin, elastin, glycosaminoglycans and other natural biomaterials. Regenerative Aesthetic Dermatology is focused on innovative treatments to support the skin in restoring and regenerating old and/or damaged tissue and thus improving overall skin quality, promoting faster healing while minimizing downtime and side effects for patients. The onset of effects could be instantly after procedure or can be observed gradually increasing over the time (weeks or monthes), as we are determining the skin to help itself. The regenerative treatments are encouraging the skin to build more collagen and elastin itself by bio-stimulation: resurfacing the epidermis (topical drug application, ablative LASERs, Laser radiofrequency resurfacing, ablative radiofrequency, microneedling, plasma skin resurfacing, crystal-free microdermabrasion), the formation of new collagen (IPL, Lasers, radiofrequency, infrared, Jett Plasma Medical, medical needling, mesotherapy, platelet-rich plasma, fillers as hyaluronic acid, HydraFacial MD, Oxygen facial, chemical peels, hormone replacement therapy, autologous and allogeneic stem cells, gene therapy), slow down the visible aging process by helping in the management of certain dynamic facial lines and wrinkles (Botulinum toxin). 518 Resurfacing the skin could be considered as a cancer prophylaxis and aesthetic dermatology is contributing to slowly, healthy, gracefully aging

Research and Science Today Supplement No.1(3)/2012

Research and Science Today Journal is a publication founded in 2011 and it is dedicated to the students of all levels (license, master and doctoral) of faculties in the country and abroad. We want to offer the participants the opportunity to present their scientific works in the following areas: Social Sciences, Economic Sciences, Legal Sciences, Humanities, Education Sciences, Engineering, Medicine and Sport. This journal provides students the opportunity to create and / or to improve their abilities to write scientific papers. So each appearance (two appearances per year at which we can add supplements) contains a number of papers written by students, masters and doctoral from the faculties from the country or / and abroad. The journal promotes original studies contributing to the progress of knowledge and it is motivated by the need to address issues of theory and practice in the areas mentioned above. The Journal is a training means of the factors involved in the conceptualization, development, implementation and evaluation , aiming the formation of creative personalities who could be able to adapt through the changing conditions of life. Journal wants to be a forum for debates disciplinaries and interdisciplinaries theoretical topics, to become a research support, to leverage this work at regional, national and international levels. We believe that this gathering will enjoy the support from both parts of the researchers and of the practitioners, and will provide appropriate training sources held professional through the current problems

Research and Science Today Supplement No.1(3)/2012

Research and Science Today Journal is a publication founded in 2011 and it is dedicated to the students of all levels (license, master and doctoral) of faculties in the country and abroad. We want to offer the participants the opportunity to present their scientific works in the following areas: Social Sciences, Economic Sciences, Legal Sciences, Humanities, Education Sciences, Engineering, Medicine and Sport. This journal provides students the opportunity to create and / or to improve their abilities to write scientific papers. So each appearance (two appearances per year at which we can add supplements) contains a number of papers written by students, masters and doctoral from the faculties from the country or / and abroad. The journal promotes original studies contributing to the progress of knowledge and it is motivated by the need to address issues of theory and practice in the areas mentioned above. The Journal is a training means of the factors involved in the conceptualization, development, implementation and evaluation , aiming the formation of creative personalities who could be able to adapt through the changing conditions of life. Journal wants to be a forum for debates disciplinaries and interdisciplinaries theoretical topics, to become a research support, to leverage this work at regional, national and international levels. We believe that this gathering will enjoy the support from both parts of the researchers and of the practitioners, and will provide appropriate training sources held professional through the current problems

Psychosomatic manifestations in syphilis

Disciplina Dermatologie, Universitatea de Medicină şi Farmacie “Grigore T. Popa”, Iaşi, România, Disciplina Psihiatrie, Universitatea de Medicină şi Farmacie “Grigore T. Popa”, Iaşi, România, Disciplina Oftalmologie, Universitatea de Medicină şi Farmacie “Grigore T. Popa”, Iaşi, România, Disciplina Medicină de familie Adulţi, Universitatea de Medicină şi Farmacie “Grigore T. Popa”, Iaşi, România, Disciplina Dermatologie, Universitatea de Medicină şi Farmacie “Transilvania”, Braşov, România, Congresul V Naţional de Dermatologie cu participare internaţională Chişinău, 9-11 iunie 2016, Chişinău, Republica MoldovaIntroducere şi obiective. Sifilisul este o boală contagioasă de etiologie bacteriană (Treponema pallidum), transmisă preponderent pe cale sexuală, cu interesare sistemică, cu evoluţie complexă, cronică, cu manifestări clinice proteiforme, imitând multe afecţiuni dermatologice, care afectează doar oamenii şi unele primate. În ultimii 30 de ani, aspectele clinice şi evolutive ale bolii s-au schimbat considerabil. Manifestările viscerale şi cutanate ale sifilisului terţiar sunt rareori întâlnite în prezent. În studiul de faţă, am investigat corelaţia dintre intensitatea stresului pacientului şi localizarea leziunilor cutanate ale sifilisului, mediul de provenienţă al pacientului etc. Material si metode. Lotul de studiu a fost constituit din 214 pacienţi diagnosticaţi cu sifilis, urmăriţi între anii 2011-2015, în regiunile centrală şi de nord-est ale României, cu vârste cuprinse între 2 săptămâni şi 72 de ani, de diferite religii. Rezultate. Se observă că, în pofida faptului că incidenţa sifilisului este în scădere, în general, noile cazuri sunt mai ales din mediul rural, cu un nivel de instruire scăzut, cu situaţie materială precară, fără ocupaţie, şomeri. Afecţiune cu tablou clinic polimorf, sifilisul a avut o evoluţie imprevizibilă şi un prognostic sumbru în cazurile nediagnosticate şi netratate la timp. A avut o frecvenţă considerabilă, de 0,7% din pacienţii care s-au adresat serviciilor de dermatologie între anii 2011-2015. Pacienţii cu sifilis au provenit mai frecvent din zonele rurale, probabil prin agregarea efectelor factorilor epidemiologici. Incidenţa infecţiei cu Treponema pallidum este influenţată de mai mulţi factori, printre care cei mai importanţi sunt: gradul de cultură, igienă, schimbarea comportamentului sexual al indivizilor în urma modificărilor economice, statusul imun al receptorului, cantitatea microbiană inoculată, extinderea manifestărilor comportamentale ale patologiei sociale. Atitudinea femeilor gravide a fost influenţată semnificativ de diagnostic, manifestând simptome de stres, tensiune, preocupare pentru sănătatea copilului, preocupare pentru ascunderea diagnosticului faţă de familie, faţă de anturaj. Concluzii. Atitudinea pacientului cu sifilis s-a schimbat din momentul comunicării diagnosticului de certitudine. Principalele sentimente cu care pacienţii s-au confruntat au fost cele de: ruşine, vinovăţie şi scăderea stimei de sine. Anxietatea creşte ca urmare a instalării stării tensionale. Profilul matern cu cel mai mare risc este reprezentat de o femeie tânără, care nu a primit o monitorizare prenatală adecvată, fără o minimă educaţie sexuală, care nu are cunoştinţe cu privire la standardele de sănătate şi de igienă personală. Mai mulţi părinţi au înţeles greşit să-şi exercite atribuţiile de părinte, prin refuzul tratamentului corespunzător simultan cu partenerul/partenerii sexuali, în detrimentul interesului copilului. Introduction & objectives. Syphilis is a contagious systemic disease, with complex and chronic course, with clinical proteinform manifestations, imitating many dermatological diseases, caused by Treponema pallidum, which affects only humans and some primates. In the last 30 years, clinical aspects of the disease have changed considerably. Cutaneous and visceral manifestations of late syphilis are rarely met today. We investigated the correlation between stress intensity and localization of cutaneous lesions of syphilis, the patient in the environment of origin etc. Material & methods. The total study group consisted of 214 patients diagnosed with syphilis, followed between 2011-2015, in the central and north-eastern Romania, aged between 2 weeks-72 years, of different religions. Results. We notice that despite the fact that the incidence of syphilis is generally declining, new cases tend to be more rural, in patients with poor training level, unemployed. Syphilis, disease with polymorphic clinical picture, with unpredictable evolution and grim prognosis in cases undiagnosed and untreated in time, had a considerable frequency of 0.7% among patients followed up in dermatology office between the years 2011-2015. Patients with syphilis came more frequently in rural areas, probably by aggregating effects of epidemiological factors, the incidence is influenced by many factors, among which the most important are: degree of culture, hygiene, the economic basis of individual sexual behavior change, immune status of the contacts, the amount of inoculum, expanding of behavioral manifestations of social pathology. Attitude of pregnant women was significantly influenced by the diagnosis, manifesting symptoms of stress, tension, concern for the child, concern for concealment of diagnosis. Conclusions. Attitude of patient with syphilis altered, since the diagnosis was set out. The main feelings are: facing shame, guilt and the decrease of self-esteem. Anxiety grows as a result of tensional state. Maternal profile with the highest risk is represented by a young woman who did not receive adequate prenatal monitoring, without basic sex education, who has no knowledge about health and personal hygiene standards. Some parents misunderstand to exercise parenthood, refusing fair treatment simultaneously with sexual partners to the detriment of child's interest