Młody pacjent, częstoskurcz komorowy, rezonans magnetyczny serca i zapalenie mięśnia sercowego

Here, we describe the case of a 25-year-old patient, who reported to cardiac outpatients department due to palpitations. Patient had no history of chronic diseases. We described step-by-step the diagnostic process, which allowed us to find type and cause of arrhythmia and start out effective treatment.Przedstawiono przypadek młodego 25-letniego pacjenta, który zgłosił się do poradni kardiologicznej z powodu uczucia kołatania serca w klatce piersiowej. Pacjent wcześniej nie leczył się przewlekle. Opisano, krok po kroku, proces diagnostycznego pozwalający ustalić rodzaj odczuwanej arytmii, przyczynę oraz skuteczne leczenie pacjenta

EBIB - The Electronic Library, the electronic platform of the Polish Librarians Association

EBIB — the “Electronic Library” (in Polish: Elektroniczna BIBlioteka at http://www.ebib.info/)refers to both the journal and the only professional electronic information platform for librariansin Poland. The platform was launched and is maintained by the group of active librarians from several libraries in Poland

A Comprehensive View of the Epigenetic Landscape Part I: DNA Methylation, Passive and Active DNA Demethylation Pathways and Histone Variants

In multicellular organisms, all the cells are genetically identical but turn genes on or off at the right time to promote differentiation into specific cell types. The regulation of higher-order chromatin structure is essential for genome-wide reprogramming and for tissue-specific patterns of gene expression. The complexity of the genome is regulated by epigenetic mechanisms, which act at the level of DNA, histones, and nucleosomes. Epigenetic machinery is involved in many biological processes, including genomic imprinting, X-chromosome inactivation, heterochromatin formation, and transcriptional regulation, as well as DNA damage repair. In this review, we summarize the recent understanding of DNA methylation, cytosine derivatives, active and passive demethylation pathways as well as histone variants. DNA methylation is one of the well-characterized epigenetic signaling tools. Cytosine methylation of promoter regions usually represses transcription but methylation in the gene body may have a positive correlation with gene expression. The attachment of a methyl group to cytosine residue in the DNA sequence is catalyzed by enzymes of the DNA methyltransferase family. Recent studies have shown that the Ten-Eleven translocation family enzymes are involved in stepwise oxidation of 5-methylcytosine, creating new cytosine derivatives including 5-hydroxymethylcytosine, 5-formylcytosine, and 5-carboxylcytosine. Additionally, histone variants into nucleosomes create another strategy to regulate the structure and function of chromatin. The replacement of canonical histones with specialized histone variants regulates accessibility of DNA, and thus may affect multiple biological processes, such as replication, transcription, DNA repair, and play a role in various disorders such as cancer

A comprehensive view of the epigenetic landscape part I : DNA methylation, passive and active DNA demethylation pathways and histone variants

In multicellular organisms, all the cells are genetically identical but turn genes on or off at the right time to promote differentiation into specific cell types. The regulation of higher-order chromatin structure is essential for genome-wide reprogramming and for tissue-specific patterns of gene expression. The complexity of the genome is regulated by epigenetic mechanisms, which act at the level of DNA, histones, and nucleosomes. Epigenetic machinery is involved in many biological processes, including genomic imprinting, X-chromosome inactivation, heterochromatin formation, and transcriptional regulation, as well as DNA damage repair. In this review, we summarize the recent understanding of DNA methylation, cytosine derivatives, active and passive demethylation pathways as well as histone variants. DNA methylation is one of the well-characterized epigenetic signaling tools. Cytosine methylation of promoter regions usually represses transcription but methylation in the gene body may have a positive correlation with gene expression. The attachment of a methyl group to cytosine residue in the DNA sequence is catalyzed by enzymes of the DNA methyltransferase family. Recent studies have shown that the Ten-Eleven translocation family enzymes are involved in stepwise oxidation of 5-methylcytosine, creating new cytosine derivatives including 5-hydroxymethylcytosine, 5-formylcytosine, and 5-carboxylcytosine. Additionally, histone variants into nucleosomes create another strategy to regulate the structure and function of chromatin. The replacement of canonical histones with specialized histone variants regulates accessibility of DNA, and thus may affect multiple biological processes, such as replication, transcription, DNA repair, and play a role in various disorders such as cancer

Młody pacjent, częstoskurcz komorowy, rezonans magnetyczny serca i zapalenie mięśnia sercowego

Here, we describe the case of a 25-year-old patient, who reported to cardiac outpatients department due to palpitations.Patient had no history of chronic diseases. We described step-by-step the diagnostic process, which allowed us to findtype and cause of arrhythmia and start out effective treatment.W artykule przedstawiono przypadek pacjenta w wieku 25 lat, który zgłosił się do poradni kardiologicznej z powodu uczucia kołatania serca w klatce piersiowej. Pacjent wcześniej nie leczył się przewlekle. Opisano proces diagnostyczny pozwalający ustalić rodzaj odczuwanej arytmii, przyczynę oraz skuteczne leczenie

Nowoczesne leczenie pacjenta z nadciśnieniem tętniczym i bardzo wysokim ryzykiem zdarzeń sercowo-naczyniowych

New ESC/ESH 2018 guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension (AH), once again emphasise the significan- ce of evaluating the total cardiovascular risk in patients with hypertension. Total cardiovascular risk evaluation will de- termine the appropriate medication and the best therapeutic strategy. Combination drug therapy improves adherence, is much more convenient for patients, and is recommended under the new guidelines. Most hypertension patients have hypercholesterolemia. We describe the case of a very high cardiovascular risk patient with AH, in which combination drug therapy (antihypertensive and cholesterol-lowering) proved to be swiftly effective. Nowe wytyczne ESC/ESH diagnostyki i leczenia nadciśnienia tętniczego (NT) z 2018 r. po raz kolejny podkreślają znaczenie oceny globalnego ryzyka sercowo-naczyniowego u pacjentów z nadciśnieniem tętniczym. Ocena globalnego ryzyka sercowo-naczyniowego determinuje wybór postępowania oraz strategii leczenia. W aktualnych wytycznych leczenie preparatami złożonymi jest wysoko pozycjonowane. Leki złożone poprawiają adherence oraz są wygodniejsze dla pacjentów. W warunkach polskich dwóch chorych na trzech z NT jest obciążonych hipercholesterolemią. W artykule przedstawiony został przypadek kliniczny pacjenta z NT i bardzo wysokim ryzykiem s-n, u którego nowoczesne leczenie przy użyciu preparatów złożonych (hipotensyjno-hipolipemizujących) okazało się efektywne w krótkim czasie

Impact of a pension system and an enterprise on employees’ retirement: an intergenerational context

Thus, the goal of this paper is to identify and characterize main elements of this nexus in the context of retirement decisions taking intergenerational relations into account. We focus on the pension system’s impact (with its main parameter, which is a pensionable age (statutory retirement age)) on the employers’ behaviour, as well as the employers’ (workplace) impact on employees’ retirement decisions (reflected in effective retirement age). The paper is structured as follows. First, we present a pension system in an intergenerational context. Second, we attempt to discuss a pensionable age as a determinant of an enterprise activity in the role of an employer. The subsequent section tackles the issue of the possible impact of the employer on employees’ retirement decisions. The paper ends with a brief summary of issues discussed

N-acetylcysteine and ceftriaxone as preconditioning strategies in focal brain ischemia : influence on glutamate transporters expression

Glutamate (Glu) plays a key role in excitotoxicity-related injury in cerebral ischemia. In the brain, Glu homeostasis depends on Glu transporters, including the excitatory amino acid transporters and the cysteine/Glu antiporter (xc-). We hypothesized that drugs acting on Glu transporters, such as ceftriaxone (CEF, 200 mg/kg, i.p.) and N-acetylcysteine (NAC, 150 mg/kg, i.p.), administered repeatedly for 5 days before focal cerebral ischemia in rats and induced by a 90-min middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO), may induce brain tolerance to ischemia. We compared the effects of these drugs on brain infarct volume, neurological deficits and the mRNA and protein expression of the Glu transporter-1 (GLT-1) and xc- with the effects of ischemic preconditioning and chemical preconditioning using 3-nitropropionic acid. Administration of CEF and NAC significantly reduced infarct size and neurological deficits caused by a 90-min MCAO. These beneficial effects were accompanied by changes in GLT-1 expression caused by a 90-min MCAO at both the mRNA and protein levels in the frontal cortex, hippocampus, and dorsal striatum. Thus, the results of this study suggest that the regulation of GLT-1 and xc- plays a role in the development of cerebral tolerance to ischemia and that this regulation may be a novel approach in the therapy of brain ischemia