2-mercaptobenzothiazole Clay As Matrix For Sorption And Preconcentration Of Some Heavy Metals From Aqueous Solution

2-Mercaptobenzothiazole loaded on previously polystyrene treated clay was prepared, characterized and used for sorption and preconcentration of Hg(II), Pb(II), Zn(II) and Cd(II) from an aqueous solution. The support used was a natural clay previously treated with sulphuric acid solution. Adsorption isotherms of metal ions from aqueous solutions as function of pH were studied at 298 K. Conditions for quantitative retention and elution were established for each metal by batch and column methods. The chemically treated clay was very selective to Hg(II) in solution in which Zn(II), Cd(II), Pb(II) and some transition metal ions were also present. © 1995.3061167172Yariv, (1985) Thermochim. Acta, 88, p. 49Stul, Van Leemput, Uytterhoeven, (1983) Clays Clays Miner., 31, p. 158Van Leemput, Stul, Maes, Uytterhoeven, Cremers, (1983) Clays Clays Miner., 31, p. 261Barrer, MacLeod, (1955) Trans. Faraday Soc., 51, p. 1290MacBride, Mortland, Surface Properties of Mixed Cu(II)—Tetraalkylammonium Montmorillonites (1975) Clay Minerals, 10, p. 357Mortland, Berheiser, (1976) Clays Clay Miner., 24, p. 60Shabtai, Frydman, Lazar, (1976) Proc. 6th Int. Congr. on Catal., 2, p. 660. , LondonOrazmuradov, Khodzhamuradova, Mukhamedkuliev, (1986) Ser. Fiz. Tekh. Khim. Geol. Nauk., 5, p. 73Terada, Morimoto, Kiba, The chromatographic concentration of mercury in sea water with 2-mercaptobenzothiazole supported on silica gel. (1980) Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan, 53, p. 1605Terada, Matsumoto, Kimura, (1983) Anal. Chim. Acta, 153, p. 237Filho, Gushikem, Rodrigues, Moreira, Polito, Structure of copper complexes adsorbed on a silica gel surface chemically modified with benzimidazole (1994) Journal of the Chemical Society, Dalton Transactions, p. 1493Dias Filho, Gushikem, (1994) J. Mol. Struct., , in pressAndreotti, Gushikem, (1991) J. Colloid Interface Sci., 142, p. 97Moreira, Gushikem, (1985) Anal. Chim. Acta, 176, p. 263Santos, (1982) Clay Technologies Applied to Brazilian Clays, 1, p. 282. , Edgard BlücherPolito, Lima, (1974) Radiochem. Radioanal. Lett., 19, p. 297Jesus, (1974) MsC Thesis, , Institute of Chemistry, State University of São PauloTerada, Inoue, Inamura, Kiba, 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole Supported on Silica Gel for the Chromatographic Concentration of Cadmium, Copper, Lead, and Zinc in Natural Water Samples (1977) Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan, 50, p. 1060Samara, Kouimtzis, (1985) Anal. Chim. Acta, 174, p. 305Terada, Matsumoto, Taniguchi, (1983) Anal. Chim. Acta, 147, p. 411Pearson, (1963) J. Am. Chem. Soc., 85, p. 353

Structure Of Copper Complexes Adsorbed On A Silica Gel Surface Chemically Modified With Benzimidazole

Silica gel having a particle size between 0.2 and 0.05 mm and a specific surface area, S BET = 473 m 2 g -1, was chemically modified with benzimidazole. Adsorption isotherms of CuX 2 (X = Cl, Br or ClO 4) from ethanol and acetone solutions were studied at 298 K. The metal is bonded to the surface through the free nitrogen atom of the attached benzimidazole. The average number of ligands co-ordinated to the central metal ion was shown to depend on the solid surface loading by the solute. At low loading the electronic and ESR spectral parameters indicated that the copper ion is in a distorted-tetragonal symmetry field.91493149

Screening Of Formulation Variables For The Preparation Of Poly(ε-caprolactone) Nanocapsules Containing The Local Anesthetic Benzocaine

In this work we describe the screening of four parameters in the preparation, by nanoprecipitation, of poly(ε-caprolactone) nanocapsules, used as a drug carrier system for the local anesthetic, benzocaine. A 2 4-1 factorial experimental design was used to study the influence of four different independent variables (polymer, oily phase, Span 60 and Tween 80) on nanocapsule characteristics (size, polydispersion index, zeta potential) and drug loading capability. Best results were obtained using an aqueous formulation comprising 100 mg of polymer, 200 mg of oily phase, 40 mg of Span 60 and 60 mg of Tween 80 in a final volume of 10mL which produced a colloidal system with particle size of 188 nm, zeta potential -32 mV, polydispersion index 0.07, and benzocaine association efficiency >87%. These findings open the way for future clinical studies using such formulations. © 2011 American Scientific Publishers.11324502457Covino, B.G., Vassalo, H.G., (1985) Anestésicos Locais: Mecanismos de Ação e Uso Clínico, , Colina, Rio de JaneiroDe Jong, R.H., (1994) Local Anesthesics, , Springfield, C. C. Thomas, IllinoisSo, T., Farrington, E., (2008) J. Pediatric Health Care, 22, p. 335Malheiros, S.V.P., Pinto, L.M.A., Gottardo, L., Yokaichiya, D.K., Fraceto, L.F., Meirelles, N.C., De Paula, E., (2004) Biophys. Chem., 110, p. 213Fraceto, L.F., Oyama Junior, S., Nakaie, C.R., Spisni, A., De Paula, E., Pertinhez, T.A., (2006) Biophys. Chem., 1213, p. 29Moraes, C.M., Abrami, P., De Araújo, D.R., Braga, A.A., Issa, M.G., Ferraz, H.G., De Paula, E., Fraceto, L.F., (2007) J. Incl. Phenom. Macrocycl. Chem., 57, p. 313De Melo, N.F.S., Grillo, R., Rosa, A.H., Fraceto, L.F., (2008) J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 47, p. 865Grillo, R., De Melo, N.F.S., Moraes, C.M., De Lima, R., Menezes, C.M.S., Ferreira, E.I., Rosa, A.H., Fraceto, L.F., (2008) J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 47, p. 265Sinha, V.R., Bansal, K., Kaushik, R., Kumria, R., Trehan, A., (2008) Int. J. Pharm., 278, p. 1Fessi, H., Puisieux, F., Devissaguet, J.P., Ammoury, N., Benita, S., (1989) Int. J. Pharm., 55, pp. R1Fessi, H., Puisieux, F., Devissaguet, J.P., (1988), European Patent 0274961 A1Budhian, A., Siegel, S.J., Winey, K., (2007) Int. J. Pharm., 336, p. 367Murakami, H., Kobayashi, M., Takeuchi, H., Kawashima, Y., (1999) Int. J. Pharm., 187, p. 143Galindo-Rodriguez, S., Allémann, E., Fessi, H., Doelker, E., (2004) Pharm. Res., 21, p. 1428Derakhshandeh, K., Erfan, M., Dadashzadeh, S., (2007) Eur J. Pharm. Biopharm., 66, p. 34Quintanar-Guerrero, D., Fessi, H., Allémann, E., Doelker, E., (1996) Int. J. Pharm., 143, p. 133Barros Neto, B., Scarminio, I.S., Bruns, R.E., (2007) Como Fazer Experimentos, , Unicamp, CampinasPolletto, F.S., Silveira, R.S., Fiel, L.A., Donida, B., Rizzi, M., Guterres, S.S., Pohlmann, A.R., (2009) J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol., 9, p. 4933Moraes, C.M., Matos, A.P., De Paula, E., Rosa, A.H., Fraceto, L.F., (2009) Materials Science and Engineering B, Solid State Materials for Advanced Technology, 165, p. 243Woitiski, C.B., Veiga, F., Ribeiro, A., Neufeld, R., (2009) Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm., 73, p. 25Namur, J.A.M., Cabral-Albuquerque, E.C.M., Quintilio, W., Santana, M.H.A., Politi, M.J., De Araújo, P.S., Lopes, A.C., Costa, M.H.B., (2006) J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol., 6, p. 2403Dillen, K., Vandervoort, J., Mooter, G.V., Verheyden, L., Ludwiga, A., (2007) Int. J. Pharm., 275, p. 171Chacon, M., Berges, L., Molpeceres, J., Aberturas, M.R., Guzman, M., (1996) Int. J. Pharm., 141, p. 81Riley, T., Govender, T., Stolnik, S., Xiong, C.D., Garnett, M.C., Illum, L., Davis, S.S., (1999) Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces, 16, p. 147Jie, P., Venkatraman, S.S., Min, F., Freddy, B.Y.C., Huat, G.L., (2005) J. Control. Release, 110, p. 20(2003) Brasil, ANVISA, Resolution RE no 899, , de 29 de Maio deDuan, Y., Sun, X., Gong, T., Wang, Q., Zhang, Z., (2006) J. Mater. Sci., 17, p. 509Vandervoort, J., Ludwig, A., (2002) Int. J. Pharm., 238, p. 77Bhavsar, D.M., Tiwari, S.B., Amiji, M.M., (2006) J. Control. Release, 110, p. 422Mondal, N., Samanta, A., Pal, T.K., Ghosal, S.K., (2008) Pharm. Soc. Japan, 128, p. 595Blanco, M.D., Alonso, M.J., (1997) Eur J. Pharm. Biopharm., 43, p. 287Bouchemal, K., Briançon, S., Perrier, E., Fessi, E., (2004) Int. J. Pharm., 280, p. 241Schaffazick, S.R., Guterres, S.S., Freitas, L.L., Pohlmann, A.R., (2003) Química Nova, 26, p. 726Görner, T., Gref, R., Michenot, D., Sommer, F., Tran, M.N., Dellacherie, E., (1999) J. Control. Release, 57, p. 259Mundargi, R.C., Babu, V.R., Rangaswamy, V., Patel, P., Aminabhavi, T.M., (2008) J. Control. Release, 125, p. 193Pense, A.M., Vauthier-Holtzscherer, C., Benoit, J.P., (1992) Microen-capsulation of Drugs, 1, p. 1. , edited by T. L. Whateley, Harwood Academic Publishers, Switzerlan

Development And Characterization Of Poli (l-lactide) Nanocapsules Containing Benzocaine [desenvolvimento E Caracterização De Nanocápsulas De Poli (l-lactídeo) Contendo Benzocaína]

In this paper we describe the preparation poly (L-lactide) (PLA) nanocapsules as a drug delivery system for the local anesthetic benzocaine. The characterization and in vitro release properties of the system were investigated. The characterization results showed a polydispersity index of 0.14, an average diameter of 190.1± 3 nm, zeta potential of -38.5 mV and an entrapment efficiency of 73%. The release profile of Benzocaine loaded in PLA nanocapsules showed a significant different behavior than that of the pure anesthetic in solution. This study is important to characterize a drug release system using benzocaine for application in pain treatment.3316569Covino, B.G., Vassalo, H.G., (1985) Anestésicos Locais: Mecanismos de Ação e uso Clínico, , Colina: Rio de JaneiroFraceto, L.F., Oyama Jr., S., Nakaie, C.R., Spisni, A., De Paula, E., Pertinhez, T.A., (2006) Biophys. Chem., 20, p. 29Malheiros, S.V.P., Pinto, L.M.A., Gottardo, L., Yokaichiya, D.K., Fraceto, L.F., Meirelles, N.C., De Paula, E., (2004) Biophys. Chem., 110, p. 213De Paula, E., Schreier, S., Jarrel, H.C., Fraceto, L.F., (2008) Biophys. Chem., 132, p. 47De Araújo, D.R., De Paula, E., Fraceto, L.F., (2008) Quim. Nova, 31, p. 1775Yagiela, J.A., Neidle, E.A., Dowd, F.J., (1998) Farmacologia e Terapêutica Para Dentistas, , 4a ed. Guanabara Koogan: Rio de JaneiroBennett, R.C., (1989) Monheim: Anestesiologia Local e Controle da Dor Na Prática Dentária, , 7a ed. Guanabara Koogan: Rio de JaneiroEllis, B.F., Seiler, J.G., Palmore, M.M., (1995) J. Bone Joint Surg. Am., 77, p. 937Pinto, L.M.A., Yokaichiya, D.K., Fraceto, L.F., De Paula, E., (2000) Biophys. Chem., 87, p. 213Balicer, R.D., Kitai, E., (2004) The Scientific World Journal, 4, p. 517Gorner, T., Gref, R., Michenot, D., Sommer, F., Tran, M.N., Dellacherie, E., (1999) J. Control. Release, 57, p. 259Govender, T., Stolnik, S., Garnett, M.C., Illum, L., Davis, S.S., (1999) J. Control. Release, 57, p. 171Moraes, C.M., De Paula, E., Rosa, A.H., Fraceto, L.F., (2008) Quim. Nova, 31, p. 2152Moraes, C.M., Matos, A.P., Lima, R., Rosa, A.H., De Paula, E., Fraceto, L.F., (2007) J. Biol. Phys., 33, p. 455Polakovic, M., Gorner, T., Gref, R., Dellacherie, E., (1999) J. Control. Release, 60, p. 169Govender, T., Riley, T., Ehtezazi, T., Garnett, M.C., Stolnik, S., Illum, L., Davis, S.S., (2000) Int. J. Pharm., 199, p. 95Schaffazick, S.R., Guterres, S.S., Freitas, L.L., Pohlmann, A.R., (2003) Quim. Nova, 26, p. 726Durán, N., Mattoso, L.H.C., Morais, P.C., (2006) Nanotecnologia, Artliber, , São PauloMura, P., Maestrelli, F., González-Rodrýguez, M.L., Michelacci, I., Ghelardini, C., Rabasco, A.M., (2007) Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm., 67, p. 86Pinto, L.M., Fraceto, L.F., Santana, M.H., Pertinhez, T.A., Junior, S.O., De Paula, E., (2005) J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 39, p. 956Blanco, M.D., Bernardo, M.V., Sastre, R.L., Olmo, R., Muniz, E., Teijón, J.M., (2003) Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm., 55, p. 229Klose, D., Siepmann, F., Elkharraz, K., Krenzlin, S., Siepmann, J., (2006) Int. J. Pharm., 314, p. 198Fessi, H., Puiseiux, F., Devissaguet, J.-P., (1988), European Patent, 0274961 A1Venkatraman, S.S., Jie, P., Min, F., Freddy, B.Y.C., Leong-Huat, G., (2005) Int. J. Pharm., 298, p. 219Anal, A.K., Tobiassen, A., Flanagan, J., Singh, H., (2008) Colloids Surf., B, 64, p. 104Guarino, A.J., Lee, S.P., Tulenko, T.N., Wrenn, S.P., (2004) J. Colloid Interface Sci., 279, p. 109Gamisans, F., Lacoulonche, F., Chauvet, A., Espina, M., Garcia, M.L., Egea, M.A., (1999) Int. J. Pharm., 179, p. 37Paavola, A., Yliruusi, J., Kalso, E., Wahlström, T., Rosenberg, P., (1995) Pharm. Res., 12, p. 1997Korsmeyer, R.W., Gurny, R., Doelker, E.M., Buri, P., Peppas, N.A., (1983) Int. J. Pharm., 15, p. 25Peppas, N.A., (1985) Pharm. Acta Helv., 60, p. 110Mohanraj, V.J., Chen, Y., (2006) Trop. J. Pharm. Res., 5, p. 561Guterres, S.S., Fessi, H., Barrat, G., Devissaguet, J.P., Puisieux, F., (1995) Int. J. Pharm., 113, p. 57Pohlmann, A.R., Weiss, V., Mertins, O., Silveira, N.P., Guterres, S.S., (2002) Eur. J. Pharm. Sci., 16, p. 305Romero-Cano, M.S., Vicent, B., (2002) J. Control. Release, 82, p. 127Costa, P., Lobo, J.M.S., (2001) Eur. J. Pharm. Sci., 13, p. 12