Otorhinolaryngology Medical Residency in Ceará in 2003: openings and applicants’ profiles

SummaryAim: Analyze and compare the openings for medical residency in Otorhinolaryngology in Ceará in 2003 along with the profile of the applicants. Study design: cross-sectional. Methods: Data on medical residency programs in Ceará as of September 2003 were obtained electronically from the web page of the National Commission of Medical Residency (CNRM). The information regarding the applicants was retrieved directly from the institutions offering medical residency programs in Otorhinolaryngology in 2003 and complemented by searches in the databases of the Ceará State Regional Council of Medicine and the Federal Council of Medicine. Results: The total number of openings in Otorhinolaryngology authorized by CNRM is 12. Nine (75%) of the total and 4 (100%) of First Year Residence are currently filled. The hospital occupancy rate was 66.67% for HGF and 83.33% for HUWC. Competition per residency was 13.0 at both hospitals. The 48 applications received by the two hospitals were submitted by 37 doctors, 66.67% of whom were male. The largest number of candidates came from the medical schools of the Federal Universities of Ceará (62.50%), Paraíba (15.63%) and Alagoas (9.38%). Approximately 41% of the candidates had graduated in 2002. Conclusion: This study presents a profile of medical residency in Otorhinolaryngology

MENOPAUSA E CÂNCER DE MAMA: RISCOS E PREVENÇÃO

The menopause is a natural period in women's lives, marked by the cessation of menstruation and significant hormonal changes. However, this stage is also associated with an increased risk of breast cancer. This study aims to analyze the risk factors for breast cancer during the menopause and propose effective prevention measures. To achieve this objective, a systematic review of the literature was carried out, including epidemiological studies, clinical trials and recent reviews. Data related to age at menopause, hormone therapy, family history and lifestyle habits were analyzed. In addition, prevention strategies were identified, such as weight control, regular physical activity, healthy eating and mammography screening. The menopause is a critical period for women's health, with increased risks of breast cancer due to hormonal changes. However, awareness and the adoption of preventive measures can significantly reduce this risk. Weight control, physical activity and a balanced diet play essential roles in prevention. In addition, regular mammographic screening in women in the appropriate age group is essential for the early detection of breast cancer.A menopausa é um período natural na vida das mulheres, marcado pela cessação da menstruação e mudanças hormonais significativas. No entanto, esse estágio também está associado a um aumento do risco de câncer de mama. Este estudo tem como objetivo analisar os fatores de risco do câncer de mama durante a menopausa e propor medidas de prevenção eficazes. Para alcançar esse objetivo, realizou-se uma revisão sistemática da literatura, incluindo estudos epidemiológicos, ensaios clínicos e revisões recentes. Foram analisados dados relacionados à idade da menopausa, terapia hormonal, histórico familiar e hábitos de vida. Além disso, foram identificadas estratégias de prevenção, como o controle de peso, atividade física regular, alimentação saudável e rastreamento mamográfico. A menopausa é um período crítico para a saúde da mulher, com riscos aumentados de câncer de mama devido às mudanças hormonais. No entanto, a conscientização e a adoção de medidas preventivas podem reduzir significativamente esse risco. O controle do peso, a prática de atividades físicas e uma dieta equilibrada desempenham papéis essenciais na prevenção. Além disso, o rastreamento mamográfico regular em mulheres na faixa etária apropriada é fundamental para a detecção precoce do câncer de mama

Estudo da audição de crianças de gestantes expostas ao ruído ocupacional: avaliação por emissões otoacústicas - produto de distorção Study of the hearing in children born from pregnant women exposed to occupational noise: assessment by distortion product otoacoustic emissions

OBJETIVO: Detectar precocemente uma possível perda auditiva em crianças de mulheres expostas ao ruído ocupacional durante o período de gestação e verificar se há diferença nos resultados das amplitudes de resposta das emissões otoacústicas - produto de distorção - entre as crianças de mães expostas ao ruído ocupacional e as crianças de mães não-expostas ao ruído ocupacional. MÉTODOS: Crianças de mulheres expostas ao ruído ocupacional durante a gestação e crianças de mulheres não-expostas foram avaliadas através das emissões otoacústicas - produto de distorção -, usando o equipamento GSI 60 DPOEA SYSTEM e empregando a razão de F2/F1 igual a 1,2 e a média geométrica de 2F1-F2. As intensidades das freqüências primárias mantiveram-se fixas, com valores de L1=65 dBNPS e L2=55 dBNPS para F1 e F2, respectivamente. Utilizou-se o teste t-Student em amostras emparelhadas e amostras independentes e o teste não-paramétrico de Wilcoxon. RESULTADOS: Não houve diferença nos valores das medidas das médias das amplitudes de resposta do produto de distorção entre os grupos controle e estudo. Também não houve diferença estatisticamente significante entre os sexos masculino e feminino nas amplitudes de respostas para os grupos controle e estudo, nem entre as orelhas direita e esquerda de cada grupo. CONCLUSÃO: Não foi observado prejuízo auditivo nas crianças de mães expostas ao ruído ocupacional durante a gestação em comparação as crianças de mães não-expostas. Não houve diferença entre as orelhas direita e esquerda e entre os sexos masculino e feminino de cada grupo.<br>AIM: To detect early on a probable hearing loss in children of women exposed to occupational noise during their pregnancy and to verify if there is any difference between the children from those women exposed to occupational noise during their pregnancy and the ones from mothers that do not work under the same conditions. METHODS: Children from women exposed to occupational noise during their pregnancy and children from women who were not exposed were evaluated through distortion product otoacoustic emissions, using the GSI 60 DPOEA SYSTEM equipment and the frequency-ratio F2/F1 equal to 1.2 and the geometric average of 2F1-F2. The intensity of the primary frequencies were kept steady with values of L1=65dBSPL and L2=55dBSPL for F1 and F2, respectively. Student T test in paired samples and independent samples were used. RESULTS: There were no differences in the response amplitude of distortion product otoacoustic emissions between the control and the study groups. There was no statistically difference between male and female children in response amplitude for the two groups aforementioned; and there were no differences between right and left ears from each group. CONCLUSION: We did not observe hearing impairment in children whose mothers were exposed to occupational noise during pregnancy when compared to the children from mothers who were not. There was no difference between the right and left ears, nor between male and female children in each group

Mastoidectomy: anatomical parameters x surgical difficulty

Introduction: The lowered temporal meninges and/ or anterior sigmoid sinus are contiditions that can determine surgical difficulties in performing mastoidectomy. Objective: To correlate in the tomography the extent of the prolapse of the sigmoid sinus and of temporal meninges with the surgical difficulty in the mastoidectomy. Method: The tomographic measurements of prolapse sigmoid and of temporal meninges were correlated with the presence or non-presence of the surgical difficulty observed during the mastoidectomy procedure in patients with ostomatoiditis chronic (n=30). Form of study: Contemporary cohort transverse. Results: In 10 patients were observed surgical difficulty distributed as: due to prolapse of the sigmoid sinus (n = 2) or temporal meninges prolapse (n = 7) or both (n = 1). In patients in which the surgical difficulty was due to sigmoid sinus prolapse, the tomography distance of the anterior border of the sigmoid sinus to posterior wall of external auditory canal was lower than 9 mm. In patients in which surgical difficulty was due to temporal meninges prolapse, the tomographic distance to the upper plane of the petrous bone was 7 mm. Conclusion: The computerized tomography distance between the temporal meninges and the upper plane of the petrous bone 7 mm and the distance of the anterior border of the sigmoid sinus to posterior wall of external auditory canal was lower than 9 mm are predictive to the surgical difficulties to perform mastoidectomy

Residência médica em otorrinolaringologia no Ceará em 2003: oferta de vagas e perfil da concorrência Otorhinolaryngology Medical Residency in Ceará in 2003: openings and applicants’ profiles

OBJETIVO: Avaliar e comparar a oferta de vagas de Residência Médica (RM) em Otorrinolaringologia no Ceará em 2003 e o perfil dos candidatos. FORMA DO ESTUDO: Corte transversal. MATERIAL E MÉTODOS: Os dados sobre os programas de RM foram obtidos por acesso ao endereço eletrônico da Comissão Nacional de Residência Médica (CNRM) e espelha a situação dos programas cadastrados em setembro de 2003. As características dos candidatos foram levantadas das instituições promotoras dos concursos para RM em 2003, complementada por buscas junto aos Conselhos Profissionais. RESULTADOS: Das 14 instituições com RM, apenas duas oferecem programa em Otorrinolaringologia: Hospital Universitário Walter Cantídio (HUWC) e Hospital Geral de Fortaleza (HGF). O total de vagas autorizado pela CNRM em Otorrinolaringologia nos dois programas é 12. Nove (75,00%) do total e 4 de R1 (100,00%) estão preenchidas. A taxa de ocupação por hospital é: HGF (66,67%) e HUWC (83,33%). A concorrência por vaga na RM de Otorrinolaringologia foi 13,0, sendo igualmente 8,0 no HUWC e no HGF. As 52 inscrições somadas dos dois hospitais provinham de 32 médicos, sendo 62,5% homens. As instituições universitárias que mais contribuíram foram as universidades federais do Ceará (62,50%), da Paraíba (15,63%) e de Alagoas (9,38%). Cerca de 41% eram recém-graduados de 2002. CONCLUSÃO: Este trabalho permitiu ajudar a traçar o perfil da Residência Médica em Otorrinolaringologia no Ceará.<br>AIM: Analyze and compare the openings for medical residency in Otorhinolaryngology in Ceará in 2003 along with the profile of the applicants. STUD DESIGN: cross-sectional. METHODS: Data on medical residency programs in Ceará as of September 2003 were obtained electronically from the web page of the National Commission of Medical Residency (CNRM). The information regarding the applicants was retrieved directly from the institutions offering medical residency programs in Otorhinolaryngology in 2003 and complemented by searches in the databases of the Ceará State Regional Council of Medicine and the Federal Council of Medicine. RESULTS: The total number of openings in Otorhinolaryngology authorized by CNRM is 12. Nine (75%) of the total and 4 (100%) of First Year Residence are currently filled. The hospital occupancy rate was 66.67% for HGF and 83.33% for HUWC. Competition per residency was 13.0 at both hospitals. The 48 applications received by the two hospitals were submitted by 37 doctors, 66.67% of whom were male. The largest number of candidates came from the medical schools of the Federal Universities of Ceará (62.50%), Paraíba (15.63%) and Alagoas (9.38%). Approximately 41% of the candidates had graduated in 2002. CONCLUSION: This study presents a profile of medical residency in Otorhinolaryngology