Metabolomics by NMR spectroscopy in plant disease diagnostic: huanglongbing as a case study

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Candidatus Liberibacter spp. is the pathogen associated with Huanglongbing (HLB), a disease with an economic impact in the order of billions of dollars to the worldwide citrus industry. A key point to reduce HLB economic losses lies on early detection on asymptomatic stages of the infection by new detection methods as it is still not possible to cultivate Candidatus Liberibacter spp. in vitro, and the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method used nowadays is not manageable in large scale. In this study, we search for metabolic biomarkers from Citrus sinensis leaves in different disease stages using a combined approach of NMR spectroscopy and chemometrics. Chemometric clustering was observed, providing excellent tools for class discrimination, with high accuracy, therefore enabling metabolic profile differentiation on disease early stages. Around 20 different key biomarkers, metabolites responsible for the clustering of each group, were identified using 2D NMR experimental data.Candidatus Liberibacter spp. is the pathogen associated with Huanglongbing (HLB), a disease with an economic impact in the order of billions of dollars to the worldwide citrus industry. A key point to reduce HLB economic losses lies on early detection on1611761178Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao PauloConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e TecnologicoFundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq

Program of Research and Development on the THORIUM UTILIZATION IN PWRS : Final Report (1979-1988)

Detailed investigations performed for a standard 1,300 MW$_{e}$ PWR show that (Th,U)O$_{2}$ and (Th,Pu)O$_{2}$ fuels can be inserted in 3 and 4 cycle operating schemes without modifications in the fuel assembly or core design. The most important aspects of the fuel cycle have been covered. Ex-gel pelletizing of (Th,U)O$_{2}$ fuel making use of available LWR and HTR fuel manufacturing technology was demonstrated. The most promising applicationfor Th-based fuels at present was proved to be the use of recycle plutonium in extended burnup once-through fuel cycle. The program was performed in a cooperative way between Brazilian and German partners