Avaluació de l’impacte del traspàs entre sistemes GPRS i UMTS en els protocols TCP/IP

En aquest treball es pretén realitzar un estudi del traspàs entre els sistemes UMTS i GPRS, per tal d’avaluar quin és l’impacte que produeix el traspàs en serveis basats sobre el protocol TCP/IP. Inicialment es descriuen els sistemes UMTS i GPRS. A continuació es mostra el procediment del traspàs entre els sistemes esmentats. Posteriorment es descriu la metodologia i els escenaris emprats en la realització de les proves. Per mostrar com afecta el traspàs entre sistemes UMTS i GPRS al protocol TCP/IP, s’han realitzat una sèrie de caracteritzacions, tant a nivell IP com a nivell TCP en un escenari interior i un d’exterior. Per últim es mostren els resums dels resultats obtinguts en les proves, duent a terme una anàlisi a fons dels experiments més representatius. A l’annex s’inclou el detall dels resultats de totes les proves realitzades. Dels resultats obtinguts podem concloure que, a nivell IP, el traspàs entre sistemes introdueix gaps de connectivitat de durada significativa, retards elevats i pèrdues de paquets. Aquests fenòmens provoquen efectes perjudicials en TCP, degradant encara més les prestacions a l’usuari

Predicting Stock Trends: A Multi Agent Approach

This thesis aims to develop a scalable distributed system that provides reliable information about the trend that a certain security will follow in the Stock Market using Machine Learning techniques. The core of the research presented in this thesis is the creation of a Multi Agent based system capable of predicting whether the price of a stock will rise, drop or stay. In order to do so, the problem is divided into three parts: Information Retrieval, Data Analysis and Data Visualization. The first part is focused on retrieving the necessary information from Internet and on transforming this raw data into computer-understandable structures that will allow further analysis. In addition to this, new financial indicators are calculated to provide more meaningful data to the system. The second part is focused on analyzing this preprocessed data using several Machine Learning methods. The methods that have been selected to execute the analysis are: Artificial Neural Networks, Decision Trees, Support Vector Machines and Reinforcement Learning. The idea behind using different methods besides testing the performance of each in this scenario, is the creation of a team of “data analyzers” like the ones found at investment firms. Following the “Keep it Simple” principle, third party libraries have been used when possible to diminish implementation costs. Finally, the third part deals with the problem of how to present the data and results to the users in a clear but informative way. Just this part on this own could perfectly be a Final Project in a Media Degree, so here we will present a gentle introduction to the Data Visualization world. Since this thesis is also a Computer Science Engineering Final Project, emphasis will be made in describing the system architecture and the technologies used to create it. In part because of this, this Thesis aims to create a Proof of Concept for a possible future product instead of realizing just a evaluation of Machine Learning methods applied to predicting stock trend

Free allocation rules in the EU Emissions Trading System: what does the empirical literature show?

This paper analyses the rules for free allocation in the EU Emissions Trading System (EU ETS). The analysis draws on the empirical evidence emerging from two literature strands. One group of studies sheds light on the following questions: how efficient are free allocation rules in minimizing the risk of carbon leakage? Have they become more efficient over the trading periods? What are the technical limits to making them more efficient? Further: is firm behaviour neutral to allowance allocation? Did specific provisions induce strategic behaviour with unintended effects? Studies from the second group estimate sectoral pass-through rates for the costs imposed by the EU ETS. Taking cost pass-through into account is necessary for properly targeting free allocation. The difficulty of accurately quantifying sectoral differences in cost pass-through ability is the main obstacle to achieving further efficiency in allowance allocation. The new rules defined in the reform for Phase IV (2021-2030) make some progress in this direction nevertheless. In any case, with carbon prices expected to rise and the total volume of allowances shrinking, free allocation - however efficient may it be - cannot be the only or main measure for preventing carbon leakage in the future

Major Reforms in Electricity Pricing: Evidence from a Quasiexperiment

The global energy mix is being redefined, and with it the power industry’s cost structure. In many countries, electricity-pricing systems are being revamped so as to guarantee fixed-cost recovery, often by raising the fixed charge of two-part tariff (TPT) schemes. However, consumer misperception of TPTs threatens to undermine the policy’s outcome and puts the sector’s much-needed transformation in jeopardy. We conduct a quasi-experiment with data from a major electricity price reform recently implemented in Spain and find robust evidence that consumers are failing to distinguish between fixed and marginal costs. As a result, the policy goal of cost recovery is not being achieve

Spiral structure parameters in the solar neighbourhood

Two samples of O- and B-type stars and Cepheids with Hipparcos data have been used to characterize galactic rotation and spiral arm kinematics in the solar neighbourhood. An extensive set of simulations has been performed in order to assess the capabilities of the method and its sensitivity to sample errors and biases in the adopted parameters

Dermatologic and dermatopathologic features of monogenic autoinflammatory diseases

Autoinflammatory diseases include disorders with a monogenic cause and also complex conditions associated to polygenic or multifactorial factors. An increased number of both monogenic and polygenic autoinflammatory conditions have been identified during the last years. Although skin manifestations are often predominant in monogenic autoinflammatory diseases, clinical and histopathological information regarding their dermatological involvement is still scarce. Monogenic autoinflammatory diseases with cutaneous expression can be classified based on the predominant lesion: (1) maculopapular rashes or inflammatory plaques; (2) urticarial rashes; (3) pustular, pyogenic or neutrophilic dermatosis-like rashes; (4) panniculitis or subcutaneous nodules; (5) vasculitis or vasculopathy; (6) hyperkeratotic lesions; (7) hyperpigmented lesions; (8) bullous lesions; and (9) aphthous lesions. By using this classification, this review intends to provide clinical and histopathological knowledge about cutaneous involvement in monogenic autoinflammatory diseases

Manometria esofàgica amb microtransductors. Experiència en 817 exploracions

El sistema dels microtransductors intraluminals per estudi de la motilitat esofàgica no és gaire popular en el nostre medi; les crítiques més freqüents són la seva fragilitat i l'elevat valor econòmic. L'objectiu d'aquest treball és revisar l'experiència en manometria esofàgica amb microtransductors del nostre hospital durant 10 anys. S'han realitzat 817 exploracions. La indicació més freqüent ha estat el reflux en 312 casos. Altres indicacions son la disfàgia i el control post-terapèutic. En 22 casos es va confirmar la sospita d'afectació esofàgica per malaltia neuromuscular. Pensem que la manometria esofàgica és poc rendible en el reflux gastro-esofàgic si la clínica és clara ja que hi ha una forta correspondència. La indicació prínceps és la disfàgia. Degut a la seva elevada sensibilitat de resposta és el mètode més adequat per estudiar la zona faringo-esofàgica i els estudis del dolor toràcic

El efecto del mercado de emisiones europeo en las emisiones de la aviación en España

Since 2012, all air routes starting or finishing in the European Economic Area are included in the EU Emissions Trading system (ETS). Empirical evidence has shown that this policy instrument reduced emissions by 5 % as compared to the counterfactual at the EU level (Fageda & Teixidó, 2022). However, this effect is potentially heterogeneous across countries. Applying a difference-in-difference strategy, here we focus on Spain, a country with high speed rail deployment and with a significant tourism industry. We find that Spanish aviation emissions were up to 10 % lower because of the EU ETS, 13 % lower if there was a HSR connection and 11 % less when focusing only on tourist destinations. All these reductions in emissions were driven by a reduction in flights

Valoración del Screening metabólico neonatal

Importáncia de las enfermedades metabólicas consideradas como grup. El capítulo de los errores innatos del metabolismo se incrementa progresivamente a medida que se profundiza en su estudio y técnicas diagnósticas. Son más de 250 las entidades descritas (1 ), la mayo ria de las cuales se presentan..