Determination of Acute Effects of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid on Antioxidant Enzymes and Lipid Peroxidation Levels in Zebrafish (Danio rerio Hamilton, 1822) Gills

Bu çalışmanın amacı; 2,4-D (2,4-Diklorofenoksiasetik asit) herbisitinin, zebra balığı (Danio rerio Hamilton, 1822) solungaçlarında akut oksidatif strese neden olma potansiyellerinin spektrofotometrik yöntemlerle belirlenmesidir. Kontrol grubu (Grup-K) dışındaki balıklar, 96 saat süreyle 2,4-D herbisitinin subletal dozlarının (0,1ppm, 0,5ppm ve 1ppm) etkisine bırakılmıştır. Solungaç dokusunda lipid peroksidasyon seviyelerinin belirlenmesi amacıyla malondialdehit (MDA), antioksidan sistemlere etkisini belirlemek amacıyla da indirgenmiş glutatyon (GSH), katalaz enzim aktivitesi (CAT) ve total protein (TP) seviyeleri belirlenmiştir. Bu çalışmada 2,4-D’nin subletal dozlarına maruz bırakılan zebra balıklarının solungaçlarında total protein seviyelerinin kontrol grubuna oranla azaldığı gözlenmiştir. MDA seviyeleri kontrol grubuna oranla önemli ölçüde artmıştır. GSH seviyeleri 2,4-D herbisitinin en yüksek dozunda artarken diğer gruplarda azalmıştır. CAT aktivitesinde ise kontrol grubuna oranla önemli bir fark gözlenmemiştir.The aim of this study is to determine the potential of 2,4-D (2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) herbicide in causing acute oxidative stress in the gills of zebrafish (Danio rerio Hamilton, 1822) using spectrophotometric methods. Test animals except the control group (Group-K) were exposed to sublethal doses (0.1ppm, 0.5ppm and 1ppm) of 2,4-D herbicide for 96 hours. Malondialdehyde (MDA) was used to determine lipid peroxidation levels, and reduced glutathione (GSH), catalase enzyme activity (CAT) and total protein (TP) levels were determined to determine their effects on antioxidant systems in gill tissues. In this study, total protein levels in gills of zebrafish exposed to sublethal doses of 2,4-D were observed to be reduced compared to the control group. MDA levels significantly increased compared to the control group. GSH levels increased in the highest dose of 2,4-D herbicide but decreased in other doses. No significant difference was found in CAT activity compared to the control group

Omentum adiposity is linked with resistin gene expression

Background: This study demonstrated site-specific adipose tissue resistin gene expression differences in individuals with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus. The relationship between conventional drug therapy and adipose tissue resistin gene expression was also determined. Paired omental and subcutaneous adipose tissues were excised during elective surgery from morbidly obese and obese patients. Methods: Resistin mRNA expressions were determined by qPCR. All tissue sections also were also analyzed for their resistin and CD68 protein expressions by immunohistochemistry. Results: No significant difference for omental and subcutaneous adipose tissue resistin mRNA expression levels were found among morbidly obese and obese study groups. The omental adipocytes resistin mRNA expressions increased with macrophage number both in the omental and subcutaneus fat. Resistin mRNA expressions of the omental and subcutaneous fat were in positive correlation. As the omental adipocytes radius decreased, the macrophage number increased in subcutaneous fat. In the omentum the adipocytes diameter and areas increased, in correlation with macrophage number. The antidiabetic drug use was found to increase adipocyte size both in the omentum and subcutaneous fat. Conclusions: The higher resistin gene expression in the omental fat may induce the increase in size and number of adipocytes, thus leading to elavation in omental fat mass

A biomonitoring study: Using the biomarkers in Cyprinus carpio for the evaluation of_x000D_ water pollution in Sapanca lake (Sakarya, Turkey)

This study aims to determine the toxic effects of heavy metal pollution on carp (Cyprinus carpio) in Sapanca Lake bybiochemical and histological analyses. For this reason, fish and water samples were taken from the lake in 2015. Heavymetal (Cu, Fe, Zn, Pb, Cd) analyzes in the water column and tissues (muscle, liver, gill) were determined by ICP-OES.CAT, GSH and MDA levels, which are oxidative stress bioindicators in tissues, were measured by spectrophotometricmethods. Histopathological findings in tissues were determined by Hematoxylin-Eosin staining. As a result, heavymetal concentrations in water were determined as Fe > Zn > Pb > Cu > Cd. The accumulation of Cu, Fe and Cd in thetissues of the fish were liver > gill > muscle, and the accumulation of Zn was gill > liver > muscle. CAT activity, MDAand GSH level of the tissues changed with the water temperature. General signs of destruction were observed in the gilltissues of the fish. Necrotic conditions in hepatocytes were observed. In conclusion, the presence of biochemical andhistopathological findings in tissues suggests that the lake is not only affected by heavy metals but also by other pollutants

Miyokard enfarktüsü (MI) geçirmiş kişilerde angiotensin dönüştürücü enzim gen polimorfizmi ve kan lipit peroksidasyonunun araştırılması

Gelişmiş ülkelerde en başta gelen morbidite ve mortalite nedeni Miyokard İnfarktüsü (MI) ve Koroner Arter Hastalıkları (KAH)'dır. Son yıllarda MI ve KAH oluşumundan sorumlu olabilecek bazı genetik risk faktörleri üzerinde çalışmalar artmıştır. Bunların arasında en popüler olanlarından biri ACE genindeki I/D polimorfizmi ile MI ve KAH ilişkisini araştıran çalışmalardır. Son zamanlarda iskemik miyokardiyal yaralanmalarda serbest radikallerin (SR) sorumlu olabileceğini gösteren çok sayıda çalışma vardır. Özellikle hidroksil radikalinin miyokardda yapısal değişikliklere yol açtığı gösterilmiştir. Oksidasyon yan ürünü olan malondialdehid (MDA), Tiyobarbütirik asit (TBA) yöntemi ile ölçülebilir bir değerdir. MDA, membran fosfolipidlerinin peroksidasyonu sonucu oluşan bileşiklerden olup, LP'nun bir göstergesi olarak kabul edilir. Bizim çalışmamızda, ACE I/D gen polimorfizminin kardiyovasküler hastalık riskinin tahmininde ve yüksek risk grubundaki kişilerin daha yakın takibi ile optimal tedavinin daha erken dönemde başlamasına katkıda bulunan yararlı bir genetik belirteç olabileceği düşünülmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Miyokard İnfarktüsü (MI) geçirmiş kişiler ile sağlıklı kişiler arasındaki Angiotensin Converting Enzim (ACE) gen polimorfizmi dağılımını karşılaştırmak ve ACE gen polimorfizmi ile MI'e bağlı olarak oluşan lipid peroksidasyonunun (LP) markırı olan Malondialdehid (MDA) arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemektir. 104 MI geçirmiş çeşitli yaşlarda hasta ve 100 normal kişiyi kapsayan çalışmamızda, bu kişilerden elde edilen kanlarda sırasıyla DNA izolasyonu, PCR, agaroz jel elektroforezi ve ayrıca bu grupların kan lipid peroksidasyonu markırı olarak Malondialdehid (MDA) ölçümlerini yaptık. Çalışmamızda hasta ve kontrol gruplarının ACE genotiplerinin karşılaştırılması istatistiksel olarak anlamsız bulundu. Hasta ve kontrol gruplarının MDA değerlerinin karşılaştırması ise istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bulundu. Bu sonuca göre çalışmamızda ACE gen polimorfizmi ile MI arasında anlamlı bir bağıntı bulunamamıştır. Investigation of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Gene Polymorphism and Blood Lipid Peroxidation in MI Patients. 2- SUMMARY: MI and CAD are the most important reasons of mortality and morbidity in developed countries. It is detected that about half of the deaths, no matter what reason, in the USA is sourced from MI. In recent years, the number of scientific studies have increased on some genetic risk factors responsibe from the formation of MI and CAD. One of the most popular of these is the one searching for the relations between the I/D polymorphism in the ACE gene and MI and CAD. Nowadays there are various studies showing that the free radicals (FR) are responsible from the iscemic miocardial wounds. Especially the hydroxy radical is shown to cause some differences in the miocard. In the pathogenesis of ischemic tissue defect, the free radicals are put forward to be effective. Malondialdehyde (MDA) which is a subproduct of oxidation, is a value measurable by the TBA method. MDA, one of the compounds formed as a result of peroxidation of membrane phospholipids, is accepted as an indicator of LP. In this study, it is assumed that ACE I/D gene polymorphism is a useful indicator in the detection of the risk of cardiovascular disease, the better control of the people in high risk group and the optimal cure to start at an earlier stage. By the help of these studies the risk factors of genetic origin, using the genetic indicators and new risk factors, and supporting the information by some easily performed biochemical experiments would supply great easiness in diagnosis and cure and save life.The scope of this study is to compare the distribution of gene polymorphism between people suffered from Miyocard Infarctus (MI) and healty people and to search the relation between ACE gene Polymorphism and Malondialdehyde (MDA), the marker of lipid peroksidasyonunun (LP) formed as a result of MI. Two groups were covered in our study, one consisting of 104 people of various ages previously suffered from MI and the other consisting of 100 healthy people. Using the blood samples taken from these two groups, data for the following variables was obtained : DNA isolation, PCR, agarose gel elektroforesis and Malondialdehid (MDA) as the marker of blood lipid peroxidation

Prevalence of endothelial nitric oxide synthase E298D polymorphism in Turkish patients with essential hypertension

Aims: Our aim was to evaluate the effects of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) E298D polymorphism in obesity variables and essential hypertension (eHT) development risk. The genotype frequencies of E298D polymorphism in eHT patients and non-hypertensive (non-HT) controls (proven to have normal coronaries angiographically) were analyzed for their association with demographic and obesity related data of the eHT patients and controls. Materials and methods: eNOS gene E298D genotypes were determined with qPCR. Results: The eNOS E298D polymorphism frequencies for 298E/E, 298E/D and 298D/D genotypes were respectively as 41.1%, 44.6%, 14.3% in subjects eHT and 52.8%, 38.9%, 8.3% in the non-HT groups. The combined E298D homozygous polymorphic and heterozygous genotypes were found to have a decreasing effect on serum total-cholesterol levels in comparison to wild-type genotypes in eHT patients but not controls. Conclusions: Our results support the idea that, the eNOS E298D polymorphism, which is not associated with hypertension, may increase the risk of hypertension when associated with high serum total-cholesterol levels. © 2013 Diabetes India. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

Lead (Pb) Levels in Liver and Muscle Tissues of Atlantic Bluefin Tuna (Thunnus thynnus Linnaeus, 1758)

In this study, lead (Pb) levels were investigated in liver and muscle tissues of Atlantic bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus) caught in the Gulf of Antalya in May-June 2007. Atomic absorption spectrophoto-meter (AAS) was used to determine lead mean levels in tissues. Lead levels were determined at levels of maximum 1.10 ppm, minimum 0.20 ppm in liver and maximum 1.18 ppm, minimum 0.18 ppm in muscle tissue. Levels of lead are below the acceptable limits in almost all tissues

Effects of thiazolidine on ache enzyme activity and total protein level in zebrafish (danio rerio) gill and liver tissue

Bu çalışmanın amacı, tiazolidin’in (Tiazolidin-4-karboksilik asit (4S)-2- (4- hidroksi-3-metoksifenil) zebra balığı (Danio rerio) solungaç ve karaciğer dokusunda asetilkolinesteraz enzim (AChE) aktivitesi ve total protein (TP) düzeyleri üzerindeki etkilerinin araştırılmasıdır. Zebra balıkları tiazolidin’in 0,2 ppm, 0,4 ppm ve 0,6 ppm farklı dozlarına 96 saat süreyle maruz bırakılmıştır. AChE enzim aktivitesi karaciğer dokusunda, tiazolidin’in 0,2 ppm, 0,4 ppm ve 0,6 ppm doz gruplarında, kontrol grubuna oranla artmıştır. Solungaç dokusunda ise, tiazolidin’in 0,2 ppm, 0,4 ppm ve 0,6 ppm doz gruplarında, kontrol grubuna oranla AChE enzim aktivitesinin azaldığı görülmüştür. Total protein seviyesi karaciğer dokusunda, tiazolidin’in 0,2 ppm, 0,4 ppm ve 0,6 ppm doz gruplarında, kontrol grubuna oranla azalmıştır. Solungaç dokusunda ise, tiazolidin’in 0,2 ppm, 0,4 ppm ve 0,6 ppm doz gruplarında, kontrol grubuna oranla total protein seviyelerinin önemli sayılabilecek oranda arttığı görülmüştür. Sonuç olarak, bu araştırmada tiazolidinin zebra balığı solungaç ve karaciğer dokuları üzerinde az da olsa zararlı etkilere neden olabileceği görülmüştürThe aim of this study was to investigate the effects of thiazolidine (4S)-2-(4- hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl) thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid) on acetylcholinesterase enzyme (AChE) activity and total protein (TP) levels in zebrafish (Danio rerio) gill and liver tissue. Zebrafish were exposed to 0.2 ppm, 0.4 ppm and 0.6 ppm different doses of thiazolidine for 96 hours. AChE enzyme activity increased in liver tissue in 0.2 ppm, 0.4 ppm and 0.6 ppm dose groups of thiazolidine compared to the control group. In the gill tissue, AChE enzyme activity was decreased in 0.2 ppm, 0.4 ppm and 0.6 ppm dose groups of thiazolidine compared to the control group. Total protein level in liver tissue decreased in 0.2 ppm, 0.4 ppm and 0.6 ppm dose groups of thiazolidine compared to the control group. In the gill tissue, total protein levels were significantly increased in the 0.2 ppm, 0.4 ppm and 0.6 ppm dose groups of thiazolidine compared to the control group. In conclusion, it was seen that thiazolidine may cause some harmful effects on zebrafish gill and liver tissues in this study