2,108 research outputs found
The Influence of Stress Raisers on the Performance of Materials
The publications on fracture of metals emphasize the importance of avoiding so far as possible all causes of local stress concentration, particularly in closely designed, lightweight, highly stressed parts subject to repetitions of large fluctuations of load. In cases where the design considerations make some stress concentration unavoidable, certain precautions can be taken
Microscopic Derivation of Causal Diffusion Equation using Projection Operator Method
We derive a coarse-grained equation of motion of a number density by applying
the projection operator method to a non-relativistic model. The derived
equation is an integrodifferential equation and contains the memory effect. The
equation is consistent with causality and the sum rule associated with the
number conservation in the low momentum limit, in contrast to usual acausal
diffusion equations given by using the Fick's law. After employing the Markov
approximation, we find that the equation has the similar form to the causal
diffusion equation. Our result suggests that current-current correlations are
not necessarily adequate as the definition of diffusion constants.Comment: 10 pages, 1 figure, Final version published in Phys. Rev.
Singlet-triplet decoherence due to nuclear spins in a double quantum dot
We have evaluated hyperfine-induced electron spin dynamics for two electrons
confined to a double quantum dot. Our quantum solution accounts for decay of a
singlet-triplet correlator even in the presence of a fully static nuclear spin
system, with no ensemble averaging over initial conditions. In contrast to an
earlier semiclassical calculation, which neglects the exchange interaction, we
find that the singlet-triplet correlator shows a long-time saturation value
that differs from 1/2, even in the presence of a strong magnetic field.
Furthermore, we find that the form of the long-time decay undergoes a
transition from a rapid Gaussian to a slow power law () when
the exchange interaction becomes nonzero and the singlet-triplet correlator
acquires a phase shift given by a universal (parameter independent) value of
at long times. The oscillation frequency and time-dependent phase
shift of the singlet-triplet correlator can be used to perform a precision
measurement of the exchange interaction and Overhauser field fluctuations in an
experimentally accessible system. We also address the effect of orbital
dephasing on singlet-triplet decoherence, and find that there is an optimal
operating point where orbital dephasing becomes negligible.Comment: 12 pages, 4 figure
Inkwisatoriese en akkusatoriese elemente in die Amerikaanse pleitonderhandelingsproses: rigtingwyser of waarskuwingsteken?
Uit teks: Dit word algemeen aanvaar dat die prosedure van pleitonderhandelinge die hele strafproses hervorm het en is die belangrikste hiervan dat koste bespaar word en tyd meer effektief gebruik kan word. Dit dien as belangrike middel tot beskikking van die aanklaer en die verdediging. Pleitonderhandelinge kan ook bydra tot uitskakeling van onskuldigbevindings by ’n verhoor op bloot ’n tegniese punt. Die prosedure beperk ook tot ’n groot mate die omvang van regsprekende beamptes se diskresie by vonnisoplegging en bring mee dat die beskuldigde persoonlik ook by die proses betrek word
Focus on adolescents with HIV and AIDS
KMAdolescents living with HIV, including those infected perinatally and non-perinatally, bear a disproportionate burden of the HIV epidemic in South Africa. This article discusses HIV management in adolescents including the following aspects: (i) burden of HIV disease, modes of HIV acquisition and implications for management; (ii) initiation of combination antiretroviral therapy (ART), outcomes and complications of ART in adolescents,including virological failure and switching regimens; (iii) adherence in adolescence, including factors that may contribute to poor adherence and advice to improve adherence; (iv) issues particular to adolescents, including sexual and reproductive health needs, disclosure to adolescents and by adolescents, and transition to adult care. This article aims to provide insights based on the literature and experience to assist the clinician to navigate the difficulties of managing HIV in adolescence and achieving successful
transition to adult care
Memory-Controlled Diffusion
Memory effects require for their incorporation into random-walk models an
extension of the conventional equations. The linear Fokker-Planck equation for
the probability density is generalized to include non-linear and
non-local spatial-temporal memory effects. The realization of the memory
kernels are restricted due the conservation of the basic quantity . A
general criteria is given for the existence of stationary solutions. In case
the memory kernel depends on polynomially the transport is prevented. Owing
to the delay effects a finite amount of particles remains localized and the
further transport is terminated. For diffusion with non-linear memory effects
we find an exact solution in the long-time limit. Although the mean square
displacement shows diffusive behavior, higher order cumulants exhibits
differences to diffusion and they depend on the memory strength
Asymmetric Quantum Shot Noise in Quantum Dots
We analyze the frequency-dependent noise of a current through a quantum dot
which is coupled to Fermi leads and which is in the Coulomb blockade regime. We
show that the asymmetric shot noise as function of frequency shows steps and
becomes super-Poissonian. This provides experimental access to the quantum
fluctuations of the current. We present an exact calculation for a single dot
level and a perturbative evaluation of the noise in Born approximation
(sequential tunneling regime but without Markov approximation) for the general
case of many levels with charging interaction.Comment: 5 pages, 2 figure
Hyperfine interaction in a quantum dot: Non-Markovian electron spin dynamics
We have performed a systematic calculation for the non-Markovian dynamics of
a localized electron spin interacting with an environment of nuclear spins via
the Fermi contact hyperfine interaction. This work applies to an electron in
the s -type orbital ground state of a quantum dot or bound to a donor impurity,
and is valid for arbitrary polarization p of the nuclear spin system, and
arbitrary nuclear spin I in high magnetic fields. In the limit of p=1 and
I=1/2, the Born approximation of our perturbative theory recovers the exact
electron spin dynamics. We have found the form of the generalized master
equation (GME) for the longitudinal and transverse components of the electron
spin to all orders in the electron spin--nuclear spin flip-flop terms. Our
perturbative expansion is regular, unlike standard time-dependent perturbation
theory, and can be carried-out to higher orders. We show this explicitly with a
fourth-order calculation of the longitudinal spin dynamics. In zero magnetic
field, the fraction of the electron spin that decays is bounded by the
smallness parameter \delta=1/p^{2}N, where N is the number of nuclear spins
within the extent of the electron wave function. However, the form of the decay
can only be determined in a high magnetic field, much larger than the maximum
Overhauser field. In general the electron spin shows rich dynamics, described
by a sum of contributions with non-exponential decay, exponential decay, and
undamped oscillations. There is an abrupt crossover in the electron spin
asymptotics at a critical dimensionality and shape of the electron envelope
wave function. We propose a scheme that could be used to measure the
non-Markovian dynamics using a standard spin-echo technique, even when the
fraction that undergoes non-Markovian dynamics is small.Comment: 22 pages, 8 figure
Chicora research contribution 403
This study reports on an intensive cultural resources survey of a 115 acre tract along the Savannah River in the City of North Augusta, Aiken County, South Carolina. The work, conducted for the City of North Augusta, is meant to assist the city in complying with Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act and the regulations codified in 36CFR800
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