Quando usar cama de aviário para suínos.

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Carbon sequestration and nutrient reserves under different land use systems.

ABSTRACT-This study evaluated the contribution of agroforestry (AFS) and traditional systems to carbon sequestration and nutrient reserves in plants, litter and soil. The study was carried out in the semiarid region of Brazil in a long-term experiment on an experimental farm of the goat and sheep section of the Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa). Two agroforestry systems were investigated: agrosilvopastoral (ASP) and forest-pasture areas (SP) as well as traditional agriculture management (TM), two areas left fallow after TM (six fallow years - F6 and nine fallow years - F9) and one area of preserved Caatinga vegetation (CAT). Soil, litter and plants were sampled from all areas and the contents of C, N, P, K, Ca and Mg per compartment determined. The AFS (ASP and SP) had higher nutrient stocks than the traditional and intermediate stocks compared to the preserved Caatinga. In the ASP, a relevant part of the nutrients extracted by crops is returned to the system by constant inputs of litter, weeding of herbaceous vegetation and cutting of the legume crops. After fallow periods of six and nine years, carbon and nutrient stocks in the compartments soil, litter and herbaceous plants were similar to those of the preserved Caatinga (CAT), but still lower than under natural conditions in the woody vegetation. RESUMO-Objetivou-se conhecer a contribuição de sistemas agroflorestais (SAFs) e tradicionais para o sequestro de carbono e a reserva de nutrientes presentes nas plantas, serrapilheira e solo. O estudo foi realizado na região semiárida brasileira, em experimento de longa duração realizado na Fazenda Experimental da Embrapa Caprinos e Ovinos. Estudaram-se dois sistemas agroflorestais: agrossilvipastoril (ASP) e silvipastoril (SP) e um tradicional (AG), sendo também utilizadas duas áreas sob pousio após o manejo tradicional (seis anos - F6 e nove anos F9) e uma área de Caatinga conservada (CAT). Nessas áreas, foram realizadas coletas de solo, serrapilheira e plantas, sendo os teores de C, N, P, K, Ca e Mg quantificados em cada um desses compartimentos. Os SAFs (ASP e SP) apresentaram estoques de nutrientes superiores ao tradicional e intermediários em relação à Caatinga conservada. No ASP, grande parte dos nutrientes extraídos pelas colheitas volta ao sistema por meio das entradas via serrapilheira, capinas das herbáceas e poda das leguminosas. Os estoques no solo, na serrapilheira e nas plantas herbáceas após os períodos de pousio de seis e nove anos foram semelhantes à Caatinga conservada, porém os estoques do estrato arbóreo foram inferiores à condição natural

Farinha de carne e ossos bovina e suína como fonte de proteína para suínos.

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Farinha de carne e ossos bovina e suína como fonte de proteína para suínos em crescimento e terminação.

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Ética na Embrapa.

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Luminescence properties of MOCVD grown Al0.2Ga0.8N layers implanted with Tb

AlxGa1-xN (x = 0.20) layers grown on (0001) sapphire substrates by metal organic chemical vapour deposition were implanted with terbium (Tb) ions at 150 keV with a fluence of 7 × 1014 Tb cm−2 at different temperatures. After thermal annealing, all layers evidenced the Tb-related 5D4-7FJ intra-4f8 transitions, demonstrating an enhancement of their intensity with increasing implantation temperature. A detailed spectroscopic analysis of the optical properties of these layers was conducted using luminescence techniques. An atypical behaviour for the relative intensity of both the broad visible band and the intraionic lines was found as a function of temperature and its origin is discussed based on potential fluctuation phenomena and energy transfer processes. The 5D4-7FJ intra-4f8 transitions exhibit thermal population with increasing temperature between ∼100 K and ∼200–230 K, with a subsequent decrease up to RT due to further competitive non-radiative recombination paths. The values calculated for the population energies of each sample are in good agreement with the ones obtained for the activation energies of the de-excitation of the yellow broad band also present in the spectra, suggesting a correlation between the host defect de-excitation processes and the population of the ion emitting levels.publishe

Comparação de rações de custo mínimo para frangos de corte, formuladas a partir de tabela nacional e estrangeira.

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The safety of digital mental health interventions: Systematic review and recommendations

Background: Evidence suggests that digital mental health interventions (DMHIs) for common mental health conditions are effective. However, digital interventions, such as face-to-face therapies, pose risks to patients. A safe intervention is considered one in which the measured benefits outweigh the identified and mitigated risks. Objective: This study aims to review the literature to assess how DMHIs assess safety, what risks are reported, and how they are mitigated in both the research and postmarket phases and building on existing recommendations for assessing, reporting, and mitigating safety in the DMHI and standardizing practice. Methods: PsycINFO, Embase, and MEDLINE databases were searched for studies that addressed the safety of DMHIs. The inclusion criteria were any study that addressed the safety of a clinical DMHI, even if not as a main outcome, in an adult population, and in English. As the outcome data were mainly qualitative in nature, a meta-analysis was not possible, and qualitative analysis was used to collate the results. Quantitative results were synthesized in the form of tables and percentages. To illustrate the use of a single common safety metric across studies, we calculated odds ratios and CIs, wherever possible. Results: Overall, 23 studies were included in this review. Although many of the included studies assessed safety by actively collecting adverse event (AE) data, over one-third (8/23, 35%) did not assess or collect any safety data. The methods and frequency of safety data collection varied widely, and very few studies have performed formal statistical analyses. The main treatment-related reported AE was symptom deterioration. The main method used to mitigate risk was exclusion of high-risk groups. A secondary web-based search found that 6 DMHIs were available for users or patients to use (postmarket phase), all of which used indications and contraindications to mitigate risk, although there was no evidence of ongoing safety review. Conclusions: The findings of this review show the need for a standardized classification of AEs, a standardized method for assessing AEs to statically analyze AE data, and evidence-based practices for mitigating risk in DMHIs, both in the research and postmarket phases. This review produced 7 specific, measurable, and achievable recommendations with the potential to have an immediate impact on the field, which were implemented across ongoing and future research. Improving the quality of DMHI safety data will allow meaningful assessment of the safety of DMHIs and confidence in whether the benefits of a new DMHI outweigh its risks

Farinha de pena e viscera hidrolizadas como fonte de protéina para suínos em crescimento e terminação.

Avaliação biológica de farinha de pena, víscera hidrolisada, através de ensaios de digestibilidade. Verificação dos efeitos de adição em diferentes níveis nas rações de suínos em crescimento